Next-gen heart solutions: 3D bioprinting and AI in valve replacement therapy

The rising incidence of valvular heart disease (VHD) poses a significant challenge in cardiovascular care, particularly as many patients face severe cases where valve repair is no longer an option. In these instances, valve replacement with mechanical and biological prosthetic valves is a common approach. However, this treatment often leads to complications, including a notably high recurrence of thrombosis and bleeding associated with prosthetic valves. Addressing these complications is critical, as various factors can adversely affect valvular function after replacement.

To combat these issues, emerging technologies such as 3D bioprinting and artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising solutions. This review explores how the integration of 3D bioprinting and AI can facilitate the development of anticoagulant-free heart valve replacements. By leveraging predictive models, these technologies can identify high-risk individuals prior to surgery and optimize postoperative care, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful prosthetic valve performance and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients.