Polymeric hydrogels for bioprinting: A comprehensive review

Bio-printing; It is a technique to make bio-structure, has been steadily increasing the impact on society and it is transforming the science of biomaterials. It allows the direct production of customized products from biomaterials. This article is based on hydrogels for bioprinting. So, this article included a detailed discussion on different methods of bioprinting. Different characteristics of hydrogels for 3D bioprinting also discussed. Explanation regarding different types of crosslinking for the preparation of hydrogels is also featured. This review is also contains information regarding the use of different types of bio-polymeric and non-bio-polymeric hydrogels for 3D bioprinting. To last, this review has also discussed drawbacks of 3D bioprinting, transformation of 3D bioprinting to 4D bioprinting, expected steps in 4D bioprinting, and to last advantages of 4D bioprinting. This work will provide ample base for future work as it has the latest and ongoing information which researchers could use in tissue engineering and bioprinting domain.