Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)最新文献

Shaping the Afterglow of Indolo[3, 2-b]Carbazoles via Modulating Intersystem Crossing (ISC/rISC) and Phosphorescence Rates 通过调节系统间交叉（ISC/rISC）和磷光率来塑造吲哚[3,2 -b]咔唑的余辉

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70341

Jiang Zhao, Lihua Xu, Ye Meng, Bingjia Xu, Hang Cong

{"title":"Shaping the Afterglow of Indolo[3, 2-b]Carbazoles via Modulating Intersystem Crossing (ISC/rISC) and Phosphorescence Rates","authors":"Jiang Zhao, Lihua Xu, Ye Meng, Bingjia Xu, Hang Cong","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70341","url":null,"abstract":"The development and modulation of dual-mode organic afterglows, which integrate persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (pTADF) and room-temperature phosphorescence (pRTP), remain challenging. This work presents afterglow modulation studies of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives (X-ICZ-p1) via molecular engineering that regulates intersystem crossing (ISC), reverse ISC (rISC) and phosphorescence rates. As embedded in polymethyl methacrylate films and photoactivated, F-ICZ-p1 and Cl-ICZ-p1 exhibit color-tunable afterglows, with a dual-mode green one from pTADF plus pRTP emissions at 298 K and a pTADF-type blue one at 320 K. Br-ICZ-p1 shows only a pRTP-type green afterglow. Among these, F-ICZ-p1 achieves optimal performance, with an afterglow duration of ∼20 s and a pTADF-pRTP lifetime > 2 s. Results reveal that nitrogen and halogen atoms jointly contribute to realizing obvious 1(n,π*)→3(π,π*) and 1(π,π*)→3(n,π*) transitions. The presence of a minimum-energy crossing point between the S1 and T1 minima, along with small energy gaps, promotes efficient interconversion of T1 and S1 excitons. These factors collectively enhance spin-orbit coupling effects and modulate the T1-S1 energy splitting. Consequently, the rISC and phosphorescence rates are tuned to 10−1–100 s−1 for F/Cl-ICZ-p1, but remain as fast as 101 s−1 for Br-ICZ-p1. Slower and comparable rates yield long-lived hybrid pTADF-pRTP afterglows, whereas faster and outcompeting rates yield short-lived, single-mode afterglows, shaping afterglow properties. Based on the photoactivatable afterglow behavior, potential application in optical information storage is explored.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chirality-Dependent Photoluminescence Redshift of 2D Perovskites Under High Pressure 高压下二维钙钛矿手性相关的光致发光红移

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70338

Shanshan Wang, Kaiyang Sheng, Qingkun Yuan, Gaosong Chen, Kai Wang, Yongming Sui, Bo Zou

{"title":"Chirality-Dependent Photoluminescence Redshift of 2D Perovskites Under High Pressure","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Kaiyang Sheng, Qingkun Yuan, Gaosong Chen, Kai Wang, Yongming Sui, Bo Zou","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70338","url":null,"abstract":"The precise discrimination between the racemate and its enantiomers is critical in materials science. Given the nonintuitive limitation of traditional methods, luminescence-based identification translates microscopic structural differences into macroscopic optical signals, providing an ideal pathway for visual chiral identification. However, subtle luminescence disparity between racemates and enantiomers, coupled with scarce mechanistic insights, hinders the development of this field. Herein, using (Rac, S, R)-3BrMBA2PbI4 2D perovskites as paradigms, a visual identification window based on high-pressure-induced chirality-dependent luminescence redshift is constructed; within 0–8 GPa, Rac-3BrMBA2PbI4 exhibits a remarkable transition from green to red emission, whereas S- and R-3BrMBA2PbI4 remain green-emitting. Excited-state and electron-hole effective mass calculations substantiate the free-exciton origin of emission. Comparative band and structural analyses reveal that the remarkable redshift of Rac-3BrMBA2PbI4 stems from substantial direct bandgap reduction, induced by stable octahedral contraction within its high-symmetry structure. Conversely, pressure induces asymmetric halogen bond formation and enhances asymmetric hydrogen bonds in chiral enantiomers. This amplified asymmetry significantly increases the spin-splitting via chirality transfer but facilitates inefficient phonon-assisted indirect transitions and the limited bandgap narrowing, limiting the emission redshift. This work leverages high pressure to amplify luminescence disparity between the racemate and enantiomers, elucidating symmetry's pivotal role in 2D perovskite emission and offering a new perspective for visual chiral identification.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aromatic-Substituted Carbazole Monolayers: Self-Assembly Optimization for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells 芳香取代咔唑单分子层：高效倒钙钛矿太阳能电池的自组装优化

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70339

Zhehui Zhu, Mengyao Sun, Enbo Zhou, Tingxia Yan, Qingbin Cai, Xing Feng, Xinhua Ouyang

{"title":"Aromatic-Substituted Carbazole Monolayers: Self-Assembly Optimization for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Zhehui Zhu, Mengyao Sun, Enbo Zhou, Tingxia Yan, Qingbin Cai, Xing Feng, Xinhua Ouyang","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70339","url":null,"abstract":"Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer transformative potential as hole-transporting layers (HTLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) through lossless contact engineering and suppressed interfacial recombination. To address persistent challenges of molecular aggregation, inadequate wettability, and limited durability, we pioneered a groundbreaking fluorine-substituted aromatic carbazole-based SAM molecule: (3-(3,6-bis(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-propyl)phosphonic acid (F-MeO-3PABCz). This design achieves three breakthroughs: (1) defect passivation via optimized perovskite crystallization and energy-level alignment, eliminating nonradiative recombination at the buried interface; (2) enhanced hole extraction/transport through directed molecular assembly; and (3) superior stability via fluorine-induced hydrophobicity and aggregation resistance. The result is an impressive-breaking champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.21% (certified 25.76%), surpassing commercial 4PACz-based devices (24.37%) by a significant margin. Accelerated aging tests confirm F-MeO-3PABCz's exceptional operational longevity, outperforming conventional HTLs under thermal and humidity stress. This work establishes a paradigm for SAM engineering by integrating fluorine substitution, aromatic rigidity, and phosphonic acid anchoring, paving the way for next-generation high-efficiency IPSCs with industrial-grade durability.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147714942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tailoring Multiphasic Protein Condensates via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation 通过液-液相分离剪裁多相蛋白质凝析液

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70336

Yongxu Han, Kai Cheng, Kongqi Chen, Zhiyi Xu, Hao Jiang, Bin Zeng, Manjia Li, Fei Sun, Xiangze Zeng, Sijie Chen, Jiang Xia

{"title":"Tailoring Multiphasic Protein Condensates via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation","authors":"Yongxu Han, Kai Cheng, Kongqi Chen, Zhiyi Xu, Hao Jiang, Bin Zeng, Manjia Li, Fei Sun, Xiangze Zeng, Sijie Chen, Jiang Xia","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70336","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the membraneless organelles inside cells are multiphasic condensates with complex structural organizations driven by the demixing of phase-separating proteins. Tailoring the structures of multiphasic condensates by controlling their demixing states is a challenge. Here, we employ two proteins with distinctly different features, including thermal responsiveness, hydrophobicity, and charges: a positively charged RGGRGG protein, which forms phase-separated condensates below an upper critical solution temperature, and a protein based on an elastin-like polypeptide, which forms condensates above a lower critical solution temperature. These two proteins demix to form multiphasic condensates with nested and core-shell structures under variable conditions, which can be tailored by altering the physical and chemical environments. The demixed multiphasic condensates can also be constructed inside Escherichia coli cells, recapitulating the properties of membraneless organelles. We also show that nucleic acids preferentially enrich in the positively charged segment of the multiphasic condensates. Lastly, multiphasic condensates can deliver nucleic acids across the plasma membrane into mammalian cells, enabling cell transfection.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Fluorescence of an Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Polymorphic System With Remarkable Mechanochromism for Visualizing Microcracks and Stress Distribution in Textiles 增强具有显色性的聚集诱导发射主动多晶体系的荧光，用于显示纺织品中的微裂纹和应力分布

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70329

Chunping Ma, Yang Wang, Jiyin He, Qiankun Guo, Baoyu Huang, Wenyang Xie, Zihui Liu, Anqi Xu, Zheng Zhao, Jinpeng Mo, Longfei Fan, Bingjia Xu, Zhenguo Chi, Ben Zhong Tang, Tiangang Luan

{"title":"Enhancing the Fluorescence of an Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Polymorphic System With Remarkable Mechanochromism for Visualizing Microcracks and Stress Distribution in Textiles","authors":"Chunping Ma, Yang Wang, Jiyin He, Qiankun Guo, Baoyu Huang, Wenyang Xie, Zihui Liu, Anqi Xu, Zheng Zhao, Jinpeng Mo, Longfei Fan, Bingjia Xu, Zhenguo Chi, Ben Zhong Tang, Tiangang Luan","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70329","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization of microcracks and stress distribution is crucial for material usability and safety assessment, yet effective monitoring technologies remain very limited. In this work, an organic luminogen TPEXD with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties has been developed by introducing a 3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione group onto tetraphenylethylene via a nonconjugated methylene linkage. TPEXD forms two polymorphs: a deep-blue fluorescent crystal SCb with a low photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 2.4% and a blue fluorescent crystal SCc with a high ΦPL of 22.6%. Notably, SCb exhibits remarkable mechanochromism (MC) properties and force-induced emission enhancement (FIEE) characteristics opposite to classical mechano-responsive AIE materials, with the ΦPL increasing to 30.1% under external force. SCb integrates three mechano-responsive properties, including MC, FIEE, and mechanoluminescence (ML). Under pressure increased from 0 to 17.33 GPa, the emission maximum of SCb gradually red-shifts by 106 nm. Inspired by the MC and FIEE properties, the SCb were leveraged for inkless writing, impact indication, visualized monitoring of microcracks, and stress distribution in textiles. This work provides helpful guidance for developing AIE materials with MC and FIEE characteristics and offers a practical approach for the visualized monitoring of microcracks and stress distribution in materials.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Static SAR Fails for Antimicrobial Peptides From an Ensemble and Free-Energy Landscape Perspective? 为什么静态SAR不能从集合和自由能景观的角度分析抗菌肽？

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70332

Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda, Anamika Sharma, Fernando Rogério Pavan, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio

{"title":"Why Static SAR Fails for Antimicrobial Peptides From an Ensemble and Free-Energy Landscape Perspective?","authors":"Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda, Anamika Sharma, Fernando Rogério Pavan, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Fernando Albericio","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70332","url":null,"abstract":"Classical structure–activity relationships (SAR) have limited predictive power for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) because they assume fixed structures, single mechanisms, and independent physicochemical descriptors. In practice, AMP activity arises from dynamic, multistate ensembles that reorganize with environment, concentration, and membrane context. Here, we propose that the AMP function is best described using an ensemble-based chemical framework grounded in free-energy landscapes and interfacial thermodynamics. Peptide sequences encode distributions of chemically accessible states rather than unique bioactive conformations, while environmental variables selectively redistribute these populations across interfacial, inserted, and oligomeric regimes. Biological outcomes such as membrane disruption, intracellular access, and selectivity emerge as conditional consequences of state population shifts rather than intrinsic sequence-encoded mechanisms. This perspective provides a chemically grounded alternative to static SAR and suggests that effective AMP design should focus on controlling ensemble redistribution under realistic interfacial environments.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AIEgens: An Exemplary Template for “One-for-All” Multimodal Phototheranostics 艾根斯：“一人为所有”的多模式光疗的典范模板

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70335

Miaomiao Kang, Xue Li, Shuaiyin Zhang, Hao Yang, Caifa You, Yuxun Ding, Chunying Fu, Zhijun Zhang, Dong Wang, Ben Zhong Tang

{"title":"AIEgens: An Exemplary Template for “One-for-All” Multimodal Phototheranostics","authors":"Miaomiao Kang, Xue Li, Shuaiyin Zhang, Hao Yang, Caifa You, Yuxun Ding, Chunying Fu, Zhijun Zhang, Dong Wang, Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70335","url":null,"abstract":"Multimodal phototheranostics, capitalizing on the synergistic interplay of distinct optical diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, stand at the forefront of modern theranostic development. Among the pursued approaches, the “one-for-all” paradigm, which utilizes a single organic component to achieve four classic phototheranostic functions (i.e., fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy), has gained considerable traction. Benefitting from the simple building block, the “one-for-all” phototheranostic agents generally exhibit well-defined molecular architectures, finely tunable excited-state energy pathways, excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, predictable pharmacokinetic profiles, and superior biocompatibility, collectively pointing toward strong clinical translation potential. In this context, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have arisen as an exceptionally versatile molecular template, because their unique structural attributes offer precise control over the aggregation behavior and photophysical dynamics required for integrated phototheranostic design. In view of this, this review aims to propose a consensus that AIEgens serve as a quintessential template for “one-for-all” multimodal phototheranostics, and articulate the underlying rationale from a photophysical perspective. It comprehensively examines molecular engineering principles and performance optimization tactics for AIEgen-based “one-for-all” systems, framed within the fundamental photophysical concept of excited-state energy regulation. Furthermore, with a translational outlook, this review critically assesses the current challenges and proposes forward-looking research trajectories, seeking to identify promising, underexplored avenues that could accelerate practical clinical application.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Advances in Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy 四面体框架核酸在肿瘤多模式协同治疗中的研究进展

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70330

Zishan Huang, Zhitong Chen, Zhiyu Zhang, Hong Sun, Xujuan Li, Zhaogang Sun, Hongqian Chu, Wenjing Liu

{"title":"Recent Advances in Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy","authors":"Zishan Huang, Zhitong Chen, Zhiyu Zhang, Hong Sun, Xujuan Li, Zhaogang Sun, Hongqian Chu, Wenjing Liu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70330","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity, heterogeneity, and evolution of tumors have driven a shift in the paradigm of treatment from monotherapy to multimodal synergistic therapy. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential to construct synergistic therapy nanoplatforms owing to their precise programmability, inherent biological functions, and excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we systematically discuss the latest advances in tFNA-based multimodal cancer therapy. We begin by introducing the structural characteristics and drug-delivery strategies of tFNAs, focusing on innovative tFNA-based bimodal and multimodal synergistic therapeutic regimens aiming to address key challenges in cancer treatment, such as multidrug resistance (MDR), tumor hypoxia, and immunosuppression. Finally, we systematically summarize general design principles for tFNA-based multimodal therapy and analyze the core obstacles hindering its translational progress. Notably, the combination of intelligent response mechanisms and immune regulation functions emerges as a highly promising research direction, and the critical scientific and technological bottlenecks for its clinical application are also emphasized herein.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multichannel Energy Convergence in Cellulose Cluster-From-Cluster by Enhanced Molecular Packing 纤维素团簇间多通道能量聚合的增强分子填充

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70331

Yi Lu, Hui Liu, Bitao Peng, Jingxian Wei, Xueying Xie, Lei Wang, Hongxiang Zhu, Hui He

{"title":"Multichannel Energy Convergence in Cellulose Cluster-From-Cluster by Enhanced Molecular Packing","authors":"Yi Lu, Hui Liu, Bitao Peng, Jingxian Wei, Xueying Xie, Lei Wang, Hongxiang Zhu, Hui He","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70331","url":null,"abstract":"Embedding atomically precise nanoclusters into polymeric clusters enables the formation of nanomaterials with heterogeneous cluster coupling and multichannel energy transfer, providing a novel pathway for designing highly bright luminophores at the nanocluster level. Inspired by the excitation energy funneling mechanism of chlorophyll, a cellulose-based cluster-from-cluster structure with multichannel energy convergence was fabricated by embedding atomically precise gold nanoclusters into multichromophoric cellulose nanoclusters. The clusterization-triggered emission of the cellulose nanoclusters was activated through amino acid grafting, enhancing the molecular packing of dialdehyde cellulose. This enhancement could be attributed to the delocalization of lone-pair electrons on N or O atoms into the C═O/C═N π orbitals, promoting n→π* transitions and reducing the energy gap, thereby achieving strong luminescence from multiple emission centers in the 360–440 nm range, even at the lowest concentration of 0.03 wt% reported to date. Notably, the cellulose clusters formed a rigid microenvironment around the gold nanoclusters, effectively restricting the intramolecular motion of surface motifs. Moreover, the light energy from the multiple emission centers in the cellulose clusters was efficiently captured by the nearby nano-confined gold nanoclusters via multichannel energy convergence, resembling the energy transfer process in chlorophyll. Thus, this cluster-from-cluster exhibited excitation wavelength-dependent multicolor fluorescence with remarkable long-term stability, providing new design principles for cluster-level luminescent materials.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Targeted Type-I-Photosensitizer-Incorporated Covalent Organic Frameworks Overcome Hypoxia Barriers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Precision Therapy 双靶向i型光敏剂结合共价有机框架克服肝细胞癌缺氧障碍的精确治疗

IF 13.7

Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.) Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.70324

Xiang Wang, Hengrui Li, Yihan Ma, Le Wang, Miao Qin, Rui Lou, Jian Yin, Wenbo Ming, Yong Mao, Jing Hu

{"title":"Dual-Targeted Type-I-Photosensitizer-Incorporated Covalent Organic Frameworks Overcome Hypoxia Barriers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Precision Therapy","authors":"Xiang Wang, Hengrui Li, Yihan Ma, Le Wang, Miao Qin, Rui Lou, Jian Yin, Wenbo Ming, Yong Mao, Jing Hu","doi":"10.1002/agt2.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agt2.70324","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment with severe hypoxia. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT), yet their antitumor efficacy is limited by the hypoxia intolerance of type II PDT. Herein, we report a COF-based nanoplatform grafted with type I photosensitizer (Enbs-Ar-NH2) and co-loaded with lenvatinib (Len) and curcumin (Cur), enabling concurrent type I PDT and chemotherapy (CT). The platform is conjugated with galactose (GalNAc) and RGD peptides, denoted as LC@GR-COF-E, which achieves dual-targeting toward hepatocytes via ASGPR recognition and tumor-associated endothelia binding. In vitro results demonstrate that the combination of Len and Cur effectively suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Importantly, LC@GR-COF-E can be activated to eradicate hypoxic tumor cells via oxygen-independent type I PDT under NIR irradiation. LC@GR-COF-E/NIR exhibits potent anti-metastatic effects, particularly against HCC cancer stem cell-like cells (C5WN1), by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 and modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression (N-cadherin). In a subcutaneous C5WN1 hypoxic tumor-bearing mouse model, the platform achieves a tumor inhibition rate of 95.5% ± 1.7%, offering a powerful strategy to overcome HCC hypoxia barriers. Our work pioneers a COF-based type I PDT platform for precise therapy against hypoxic HCC.","PeriodicalId":72127,"journal":{"name":"Aggregate (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agt2.70324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0