Renaat Coopman, Pieter Devolder, Constantijn Bogaert, Mauranne Lievens, Matthias Ureel, Benjamin Denoiseux, Kirsten Colpaert, Sabrina Commeyne, Johan Decruyenaere, Pieter De Backer, Tom Goffin, Christiaan Polet, Niki Rashidian, Katya Van Driessche, Erik Van Laecke, Wim Van Paepegem, Charles Van Praet, Wim Van Biesen, Geert Villeirs, Peter De Paepe, Piet Hoebeke, Frank Vermassen
{"title":"A step-by-step guide for implementation of virtual surgical applications and patient data centralization: practical experience and lessons learned.","authors":"Renaat Coopman, Pieter Devolder, Constantijn Bogaert, Mauranne Lievens, Matthias Ureel, Benjamin Denoiseux, Kirsten Colpaert, Sabrina Commeyne, Johan Decruyenaere, Pieter De Backer, Tom Goffin, Christiaan Polet, Niki Rashidian, Katya Van Driessche, Erik Van Laecke, Wim Van Paepegem, Charles Van Praet, Wim Van Biesen, Geert Villeirs, Peter De Paepe, Piet Hoebeke, Frank Vermassen","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00326-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-026-00326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The expansion of digitalization in the pre-, intra- and post-operative surgical phases allow the development and integration of advanced technologies such as virtual surgical planning (VSP), additive manufacturing (AM), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in surgical workflows, all aiming to improve the surgical precision and efficiency. However, their implementation in clinical practice leads to novel organizational challenges, such as excessive costs, inefficiencies in the use of hard- and software and availability, and the coordination of the required highly specific expertise and skill of different employees with backgrounds in different domains.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to provide a practical step-by-step overview of how a centralized platform within academic hospitals can solve practical and organizational problems concerning surgical digitalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bottom-up approach was used to ensure engagement from all stakeholders within the hospital. Hereto, a small core group identified all potential stakeholders deemed essential for a successful implementation of a centralized platform. These stakeholders were then initially approached separately by the core group and then brought together in multiple focus groups to discuss action points, identify essential components and find solutions for emerging barriers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implementation focused on 5 essential points: (1) medical imaging & segmentation process; (2) centralized Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) capacity with guaranteed continued collaboration with Department of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); (3) medical device and in-house AM dealing with the production and sterilization of three dimensional (3D)-printed models; (4) Implementation of CPSD within the operating room; (5) External connection and collaboration with industry and other academic centres aimed to support interventional medical digitalization and the implementation of other innovative medical technologies. The protocol focuses on key aspects, including identifying existing innovations, naming prevailing challenges and formulating effective solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Centralizing digitalization in the hospital streamlines workflows, enabling faster processing and improved multidisciplinary collaboration. Success depends on coordinated input from medical, technical, and legal experts. The resulting platform fosters ongoing innovation while staying compliant and adaptable.</p><p><strong>Clinical trail number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Carlos Villalobos-Lizardi, Shi-Joon Yoo, Brandon Peel, Francesco Bertelli, Andreea Dragulescu, Nick Arbic, David Barron, Osami Honjo, Christopher Haller, Carmel Daskalo, Luc Mertens, Israel Valverde
{"title":"Feasibility of 3D echocardiography-CT/CMR fusion to create atrioventricular valve-integrated 3D printed heart models in complex congenital heart disease: greater incremental benefit for surgeons than cardiac imagers.","authors":"Jose Carlos Villalobos-Lizardi, Shi-Joon Yoo, Brandon Peel, Francesco Bertelli, Andreea Dragulescu, Nick Arbic, David Barron, Osami Honjo, Christopher Haller, Carmel Daskalo, Luc Mertens, Israel Valverde","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00324-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-026-00324-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the established and reproducible benefit of 3D-printed models in complex congenital heart disease (CHD) surgical planning, the focus has shifted from validating their utility to refining anatomical fidelity through enhanced imaging integration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived clinical utility of multimodality fusion 3D-printed cardiac models and to determine whether inclusion of valve structures confers incremental benefit over conventional single-modality 3D models in enhancing anatomical understanding and preoperative surgical planning among pediatric cardiac surgeons and imaging cardiologists in complex CHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this feasibility study, multimodality fusion 3D models were successfully generated by integrating cross-sectional imaging (cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance) with 3D echocardiographic datasets to reproduce atrioventricular valve apparatus and subvalvular structures in 10 pediatric patients with complex CHD. Ten faculty members (7 pediatric cardiologists with advanced imaging expertise and 3 pediatric cardiothoracic surgeons) evaluated 10 patient-specific models using a structured Likert questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgeons assigned significantly higher ratings than imagers for anatomical understanding (median 5 vs 4; p = 0.002) and surgical planning (p < 0.001). Participants agreed that multimodality models are most valuable in complex congenital heart disease, particularly in cases requiring ventricular septal defect patching or intraventricular baffle repair involving the subvalvular apparatus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimodality imaging fusion for 3D printing is technically feasible and produces high-quality models with strong intraoperative correlation. Incorporation of atrioventricular valve anatomy provides meaningful incremental benefit-particularly for surgeons-enhancing operative planning in complex CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neha Sharma, Jokin Zubizarreta Oteiza, Daniel Seiler, Sead Abazi, Lukas B Seifert, Michel Roethlisberger, Raphael Guzman, Florian M Thieringer
{"title":"Clinical implementation of an EU MDR-compliant point-of-care manufacturing framework for patient-specific 3D-printed PEEK implants in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction.","authors":"Neha Sharma, Jokin Zubizarreta Oteiza, Daniel Seiler, Sead Abazi, Lukas B Seifert, Michel Roethlisberger, Raphael Guzman, Florian M Thieringer","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00325-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-026-00325-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Szary, Małgorzata Kowalczyk, Mateusz Zwierzycki, Piotr Knysak, Anna Nowak, Katarzyna Janczak, Cyprian Kornacki, Marcin Domżalski
{"title":"Optimizing the design and production of custom 3D-printed knee orthoses.","authors":"Jakub Szary, Małgorzata Kowalczyk, Mateusz Zwierzycki, Piotr Knysak, Anna Nowak, Katarzyna Janczak, Cyprian Kornacki, Marcin Domżalski","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00323-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-026-00323-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel method for the creation of a patient-specific realistic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for surgical myectomy simulation.","authors":"Sylvana García-Rodríguez, Tomomi Komatsu, Timothy Guenther, Abbey Thiel, Bradley W Bolling, Joshua Hermsen","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00321-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-026-00321-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel 3D-printed noninvasive immobilizer for head stability during surgery of the orbit and skull base.","authors":"Joseph P Miller, Teresa H Chen, Jeremiah P Tao","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00322-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-026-00322-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Wippel, Miar Ouaret, Inez Ohashi Torres, Michaela Kluckner, Maximilian Lutz, Moritz Wegner, Bernhard Dorweiler, Elke R Gizewski, Florian K Enzmann, Sabine Wipper
{"title":"Evaluation of 3D-printed vs. digital models in simulation-based training for iliac endovascular interventions.","authors":"David Wippel, Miar Ouaret, Inez Ohashi Torres, Michaela Kluckner, Maximilian Lutz, Moritz Wegner, Bernhard Dorweiler, Elke R Gizewski, Florian K Enzmann, Sabine Wipper","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00320-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-026-00320-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed two different 3D-printed endovascular simulation models and a digital simulator for training of endovascular interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two vascular surgeons and radiologists completed interventions using two transparent 3D-printed models-a flexible model, printed with Stereolithography (SLA), and a stiff model using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology -as well as a digital simulator. A standardized questionnaire assessed the models' perceived face and construct validity as well as their concurrent validity. Additionally, the impact of model material (flexible vs. stiff) on perceived fidelity and utility were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants completed the three interventions successfully. There was an even distribution of sex (16 males and females) and experience among the participants. The flexible 3D-printed model demonstrated significantly higher face and construct validity scores compared to the stiff model and the digital simulator (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the digital and stiff models for face and construct validity (p = 1.0, p = 0.38). Regarding concurrent validity, there was a significant preference for the 3D-printed models (72% vs. 16%; p < 0.001). The flexible 3D-printed models were strongly favoured (82% vs. 9%; p < 0.001) due to higher scores regarding fidelity of the experienced resistance and tactile response (p < 0.001). Most participants (81%) expressed a desire for regular simulation training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transparent 3D-printed models present a valuable, and potentially superior, alternative to established digital simulators. They achieve higher scores in face and construct validity as well as surpass the digital simulator in concurrent validity. Flexibility emerges as a key factor, significantly enhancing the fidelity and overall training experience of 3D-printed models.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of mixed augmented reality with holographic platform for interactive teaching of veterinary osteology.","authors":"Caio Landi Reimão, Antônio Chaves de Assis Neto","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00313-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-026-00313-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruth Shaylor, Yotam Lior, Jillian Shapiro, Thomas Ferretto, Frank J Rybicki, Jasamine Coles-Black
{"title":"Use and regulation of patient-specific three-dimensional printing in medicine: a survey of physician end-users.","authors":"Ruth Shaylor, Yotam Lior, Jillian Shapiro, Thomas Ferretto, Frank J Rybicki, Jasamine Coles-Black","doi":"10.1186/s41205-026-00316-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-026-00316-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Technological advancements have made 3D printing more accessible and affordable for both individuals and institutions. Despite significant efforts by the International Medical Device Regulators Forum to standardize 3D printing regulations for medical use, challenges remain. We conducted a survey to gather insights from physician end-users on their opinions regarding the regulation of 3D printing in medicine. Additionally, since FDA guidance is often adopted internationally, this survey aimed to capture the demographics of physician end-users globally and provide a snapshot of the current use of 3D printing in clinical practice and research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After developing and validating a 26-question survey, we emailed it to the corresponding authors of all PubMed-indexed publications on 3D printing in medicine. Participants received an introductory email explaining the survey's purpose and an invitation to participate. Only responses from participants who declared themselves to be physicians were accepted. The survey was open for responses from April 5th to May 3rd, 2022, with weekly reminders sent until the response period closed. Responses with at least 80% survey completion were accepted for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 951 surveys sent, we received 114 responses (11.9%) with an average completion rate of 89%. Most respondents were from Europe (35.5%) and North America (30.9%), followed by Australia and New Zealand (9.1%). The majority were affiliated with academic institutions (83.9%) and were primarily surgeons (49.1%). The most common application of 3D printing was surgical planning (74.1%), followed by medical education (61.6%). Nearly 50% of respondents used open-source segmentation software without FDA approval. Most had access to an onsite printer (82.2%) and specially trained staff to assist with segmentation (53.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The integration of 3D printing technologies into clinical practice will continue to grow. This paper presents the largest survey of physicians practicing 3D printing to date. Given the underrepresentation of this key demographic within regulatory bodies, the opinions and positions of physician respondents reported here should be considered in the development and application of new guidelines and regulations in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13001376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and validation of an affordable freehand scanning 3D ultrasound reconstruction system with visual positioning.","authors":"Jiaojiao Ma, Zuxi Huang, Liangkai Wang, Xuejiao Yu, Yanghua Zhang, Heng Xie, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s41205-025-00301-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-025-00301-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}