3D printing in medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the value of individualized 3D printed models for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning of cervical cancer.","authors":"Anne Cathrine Scherer-Quenzer, Inga Beyers, Adam Kalisz, Stephanie Tina Sauer, Marcus Zimmermann, Achim Wöckel, Bülent Polat, Tanja Schlaiss, Selina Schelbert, Matthias Kiesel","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00229-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00229-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>3D printing holds great potential of improving examination, diagnosis and treatment planning as well as interprofessional communication in the field of gynecological oncology. In the current manuscript we evaluated five individualized, patient-specific models of cervical cancer FIGO Stage I-III, created with 3D printing, concerning their value for translational oncology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis was performed on a 3.0 Tesla MRI, including a T2-weighted isotropic 3D sequence. The MRI images were segmented and transferred to virtual 3D models via a custom-built 3D-model generation pipeline and printed by material extrusion. The 3D models were evaluated by all medical specialties involved in patient care of cervical cancer, namely surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and radiation oncologists. Information was obtained from evaluated profession-specific questionnaires which were filled out after inspecting all five models. The questionnaires included multiple-select questions, questions based on Likert scales (1 = \"strongly disagree \" or \"not at all useful \" up to 5 = \"strongly agree \" or \"extremely useful \") and dichotomous questions (\"Yes\" or \"No\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgeons rated the models as useful during surgery (4.0 out of 5) and for patient communication (4.7 out of 5). Furthermore, they believed that the models had the potential to revise the patients' treatment plan (3.7 out of 5). Pathologists evaluated with mean ratings of 3.0 out of 5 for the usefulness of the models in diagnostic reporting and macroscopic evaluation. Radiologist acknowledged the possibility of providing additional information compared to imaging alone (3.7 out of 5). Radiation oncologists strongly supported the concept by rating the models highly for understanding patient-specific pathological characteristics (4.3 out of 5), assisting interprofessional communication (mean 4.3 out of 5) and communication with patients (4.7 out of 5). They also found the models useful for improving radiotherapy treatment planning (4.3 out of 5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that the 3D printed models were generally well-received by all medical disciplines, with radiation oncologists showing particularly strong support. Addressing the concerns and tailoring the use of 3D models to the specific needs of each medical speciality will be essential for realizing their full potential in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a flexible liver phantom for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment planning: a useful tool for training & education.","authors":"Abdulla Al-Thani, Abdulrahman Sharif, Sami El Borgi, Shameel Abdulla, Mahmoud Raja Ahmed Saleh, Reem Al-Khal, Carlos Velasquez, Omar Aboumarzouk, Sarada Prasad Dakua","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00228-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of liver cancer that could potentially be surrounded by healthy arteries or veins that a surgeon would have to avoid during treatment. A realistic 3D liver model is an unmet need for HCC preoperative planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper presents a method to create a soft phantom model of the human liver with the help of a 3D-printed mold, silicone, ballistic gel, and a blender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For silicone, the elastic modulus of seven different ratios of base silicone and silicone hardener are tested; while for ballistic gel, a model using 20% gelatin and 10% gelatin is created for the tumor and the rest of the liver, respectively. It is found that the silicone modulus of elasticity matches with the real liver modulus of elasticity. It is also found that the 10% gelatin part of the ballistic gel model is an excellent emulation of a healthy human liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3D flexible liver phantom made from a 10% gelatin-to-water mixture demonstrates decent fidelity to real liver tissue in terms of texture and elasticity. It holds significant potential for improving medical training, preoperative planning, and surgical research. We believe that continued development and validation of such models could further enhance their utility and impact in the field of hepatobiliary treatment planning and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 3D-printed universal adapter in enhancing retinal imaging accessibility.","authors":"Aisya Amelia Abdul Latip, Kuryati Kipli, Abang Mohammad Nizam Abang Kamaruddin, Rohana Sapawi, Kasumawati Lias, Muhammad Arif Jalil, Khairul Fikri Tamrin, Nurul Mirza Afiqah Tajudin, Han Yi Ong, Muhammad Hamdi Mahmood, Suriati Khartini Jali, Siti Kudnie Sahari, Dayang Azra Awang Mat, Lik Thai Lim","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00231-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00231-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The revolutionary technology of smartphone-based retinal imaging has been consistently improving over the years. Smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices are designed to be portable, easy to use, and cost-efficient, which enables eye care to be more widely accessible especially in geographically remote areas. This enables early disease detection for those who are in low- and middle- income population or just in general has very limited access to eye care. This study investigates the limitation of smartphone compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Additionally, this study aims to propose a universal adapter design that is usable with an existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition device known as the PanOptic ophthalmoscope. This study also aims to simulate the reliability, validity, and performance overall of the developed prototype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review has been conducted that identifies the limitation of smartphone compatibility among existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. Designing and modeling of proposed adapter were performed using the software AutoCAD 3D. For the proposed performance evaluation, finite element analysis (FEA) in the software Autodesk Inventor and 5-point scale method were demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Published studies demonstrate that most of the existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices have compatibility limited to specific older smartphone models. This highlights the benefit of a universal adapter in broadening the usability of existing smartphone-based retinal image acquisition devices. A functional universal adapter design has been developed that demonstrates its compatibility with a variety of smartphones regardless of the smartphone dimension or the position of the smartphone's camera lens. The proposed performance evaluation method generates an efficient stress analysis of the proposed adapter design. The end-user survey results show a positive overall performance of the developed universal adapter. However, a significant difference between the expert's views on the developed adapter and the quality of images is observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The compatibility of existing smartphone-based retinal imaging devices is still mostly limited to specific smartphone models. Besides this, the concept of a universal and suitable adapter for retinal imaging using the PanOptic ophthalmoscope was presented and validated in this paper. This work provides a platform for future development of smartphone-based ophthalmoscope that is universal.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11264814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141725163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed ventilation tubes and their effect on biological models.","authors":"Luis Humberto Govea-Camacho, Irma Yolanda Castillo-López, Sergio Alejandro Carbajal-Castillo, Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda, Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Enrique Cervantes-Pérez, Sol Ramírez-Ochoa, Sergio Jiram Vázquez-Sánchez, Gonzalo Delgado-Hernández, Jaime Alberto Tavares-Ortega, Samantha Emily González-Muñoz, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00225-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00225-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute otitis media (AOM) causes inflammation and hearing loss. Ventilation tubes are key in treatment. 3D printing improves prostheses in otorhinolaryngology, offering precision and greater adaptability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An experimental study was conducted with Wistar rats from July to December 2020. 3D tympanostomy tube models were designed, with technical specifications and tests performed on inexpensive 3D printers. The tympanostomy tube was inserted endoscopically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Procedures were performed on five rats with implants in both ears. Pre-intervention pathologies, such as atical retraction and glue ear, were found. The PLA-printed tympanostomy tube showed improvement after adjustments. Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, the design and 3D printing of implants fulfilled the desired functions when modified, with a height of 5 mm. Complications included PLA degradation and ear damage. There were no adverse events during observation, highlighting the need for further research on 3D-printed implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring CT pixel and voxel size effect on anatomic modeling in mandibular reconstruction.","authors":"Maariyah Ahmed, Myra Garzanich, Luigi E Melaragno, Sarah Nyirjesy, Natalia Von Windheim, Matthew Marquardt, Michael Luttrull, Nathan Quails, Kyle K VanKoevering","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00223-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00223-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computer-aided modeling and design (CAM/CAD) of patient anatomy from computed tomography (CT) imaging and 3D printing technology enable the creation of tangible, patient-specific anatomic models that can be used for surgical guidance. These models have been associated with better patient outcomes; however, a lack of CT imaging guidelines risks the capture of unsuitable imaging for patient-specific modeling. This study aims to investigate how CT image pixel size (X-Y) and slice thickness (Z) impact the accuracy of mandibular models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six cadaver heads were CT scanned at varying slice thicknesses and pixel sizes and turned into CAD models of the mandible for each scan. The cadaveric mandibles were then dissected and surface scanned, producing a CAD model of the true anatomy to be used as the gold standard for digital comparison. The root mean square (RMS) value of these comparisons, and the percentage of points that deviated from the true cadaveric anatomy by over 2.00 mm were used to evaluate accuracy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were used to determine significant differences in accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant difference in RMS for slice thickness but not pixel size while post-hoc testing showed a significant difference in pixel size only between pixels of 0.32 mm and 1.32 mm. For slice thickness, post-hoc testing revealed significantly smaller RMS values for scans with slice thicknesses of 0.67 mm, 1.25 mm, and 3.00 mm compared to those with a slice thickness of 5.00 mm. No significant differences were found between 0.67 mm, 1.25 mm, and 3.00 mm slice thicknesses. Results for the percentage of points deviating from cadaveric anatomy greater than 2.00 mm agreed with those for RMS except when comparing pixel sizes of 0.75 mm and 0.818 mm against 1.32 mm in post-hoc testing, which showed a significant difference as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that slice thickness has a more significant impact on 3D model accuracy than pixel size, providing objective validation for guidelines favoring rigorous standards for slice thickness while recommending isotropic voxels. Additionally, our results indicate that CT scans up to 3.00 mm in slice thickness may provide an adequate 3D model for facial bony anatomy, such as the mandible, depending on the clinical indication.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-aided design and 3D printing for a stable construction of segmental bone defect model in Beagles: a short term observation.","authors":"Kai Cheng, Haotian Zhu, Yuanhao Peng, Xinghua Wen, Huanwen Ding","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00217-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00217-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Segmental bone defect animal studies require stable fixation which is a continuous experimental challenge. Large animal models are comparable to the human bone, but with obvious drawbacks of housing and costs. Our study aims to utilize CAD and 3D printing in the construction of a stable and reproducible segmental bone defect animal mode.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CAD-aided 3D printed surgical instruments were incorporated into the construction of the animal model through preoperative surgical emulation. 20 3D printed femurs were divided into either experimental group using 3D surgical instruments or control group. In Vitro surgical time and accuracy of fixation were analysed and compared between the two groups. A mature surgical plan using the surgical instruments was then utilized in the construction of 3 segmental bone defect Beagle models in vivo. The Beagles were postoperatively assessed through limb function and imaging at 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in surgical time from 40.6 ± 14.1 (23-68 min) to 26 ± 4.6 (19-36 min) (n = 10, p < 0.05) and the accuracy of intramedullary fixation placement increased from 71.6 ± 23.6 (33.3-100) % to 98.3 ± 5.37 (83-100) %, (n = 30, p < 0.05) with the use of CAD and 3D printed instruments. All Beagles were load-bearing within 1 week, and postoperative radiographs showed no evidence of implant failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporation of CAD and 3D printing significantly increases stability, while reducing the surgical time in the construction of the animal model, significantly affecting the success of the segmental bone defect model in Beagles.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11197206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desktop 3D printed anatomic models for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass.","authors":"Prashanth Ravi, Michael B Burch, Andreas A Giannopoulos, Isabella Liu, Shayne Kondor, Leonid L Chepelev, Tommaso H Danesi, Frank J Rybicki, Antonio Panza","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00222-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has impacted many clinical applications across medicine. However, 3D printing for Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) has not yet been reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The current observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of half scaled (50% scale) 3D printed (3DP) anatomic models in the pre-procedural planning of MIDCAB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis included 12 patients who underwent MIDCAB using 50% scale 3D printing between March and July 2020 (10 males, 2 females). Distances measured from CT scans and 3DP anatomic models were correlated with Operating Room (OR) measurements. The measurements were compared statistically using Tukey's test. The correspondence between the predicted (3DP & CT) and observed best InterCostal Space (ICS) in the OR was recorded. Likert surveys from the 3D printing registry were provided to the surgeon to assess the utility of the model. The OR time saved by planning the procedure using 3DP anatomic models was estimated subjectively by the cardiothoracic surgeon.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 12 patients were successfully grafted. The 3DP model predicted the optimal ICS in all cases (100%). The distances measured on the 3DP model corresponded well to the distances measured in the OR. The measurements were significantly different between the CT and 3DP (p < 0.05) as well as CT and OR (p < 0.05) groups, but not between the 3DP and OR group. The Likert responses suggested high clinical utility of 3D printing. The mean subjectively estimated OR time saved was 40 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 50% scaled 3DP anatomic models demonstrated high utility for MIDCAB and saved OR time while being resource efficient. The subjective benefits over routine care that used 3D visualization for surgical planning warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11167900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling the design of surgical instruments for under-resourced patients through metal additive manufacturing: ulnar shortening osteotomy as an example.","authors":"Kuan-Lin Chen, Cheng-Yu Yin, Hui-Kuang Huang, Yi-Chao Huang, Jung-Pan Wang","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00220-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) has demonstrated good outcomes for patients with ulnar impaction syndrome. To minimize complications such as non-union, precise osteotomy and firm fixation are warranted. Despite various ulnar shortening systems have been developed, current technology does not meet all needs. A considerable portion of patients could not afford those designated USO systems. To tackle this challenge, our team reported successful results in standardized free-hand predrilled USO technique. However, it is still technical demanding and requires sufficient experience and confidence to excel. Therefore, our team designed an ulnar shortening system based on our free-hand technique principle, using metal additive manufacturing technology. The goal of this study is to describe the development process and report the performance of the system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing metal additive manufacturing technology, our team developed an ulnar shortening system that requires minimal exposure, facilitates precise cutting, and allows for the easy placement of a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate, available to patients at zero out-of-pocket cost. For performance testing, two surgeons with different levels of experience in ulnar shortening procedures were included: one fellow-trained hand and wrist surgeon and one senior resident. They performed ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) using both the free-hand technique and the USO system-assisted technique on ulna sawbones, repeating each method three times. The recorded parameters included time-to-complete-osteotomy, total procedure time, chip diameter, shortening length, maximum residual gap, and deviation angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the hand and wrist fellow, with the USO system, the time-to-complete osteotomy was significantly reduced. (468.7 ± 63.6 to 260.0 ± 5 s, p < 0.05). Despite the preop goal was shortening 3 mm, the average shortening length was significantly larger in the free-hand group (5 ± 0.1; 3.2 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.05). Both maximum residual gap and deviation angle reported no statistical difference between the two techniques for the hand surgeon. As for the senior resident, the maximum residual gap was significantly reduced, using the USO system (2.9 ± 0.8; 0.4 ± 0.4 mm, p = 0.02). Between two surgeons, significant larger maximum residual gap and deviation angle were noted on the senior resident doctor, in the free-hand technique group, but not in the USO system group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed USO system may serve as a valuable tool, aiding in reliable and precise cutting as well as fixation for patients undergoing ulnar shortening osteotomy with a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate, even for less experienced surgeons. The entire process, from concept generation and sketching to creating the CAD file and final production, serves as a translatable reference for other surgical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11141050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tablet-based Augmented reality and 3D printed templates in fully guided Microtia Reconstruction: a clinical workflow.","authors":"Alberto Díez-Montiel, Alicia Pose-Díez-de-la-Lastra, Alba González-Álvarez, José I Salmerón, Javier Pascau, Santiago Ochandiano","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00213-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microtia is a congenital malformation of the auricle that affects approximately 4 of every 10,000 live newborns. Radiographic film paper is traditionally employed to bidimensionally trace the structures of the contralateral healthy ear in a quasi-artistic manner. Anatomical points provide linear and angular measurements. However, this technique proves time-consuming, subjectivity-rich, and greatly dependent on surgeon expertise. Hence, it's susceptible to shape errors and misplacement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present an innovative clinical workflow that combines 3D printing and augmented reality (AR) to increase objectivity and reproducibility of these procedures. Specifically, we introduce patient-specific 3D cutting templates and remodeling molds to carve and construct the cartilaginous framework that will conform the new ear. Moreover, we developed an in-house AR application compatible with any commercial Android tablet. It precisely guides the positioning of the new ear during surgery, ensuring symmetrical alignment with the healthy one and avoiding time-consuming intraoperative linear or angular measurements. Our solution was evaluated in one case, first with controlled experiments in a simulation scenario and finally during surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the ears placed in the simulation scenario had a mean absolute deviation of 2.2 ± 1.7 mm with respect to the reference plan. During the surgical intervention, the reconstructed ear was 3.1 mm longer and 1.3 mm wider with respect to the ideal plan and had a positioning error of 2.7 ± 2.4 mm relative to the contralateral side. Note that in this case, additional morphometric variations were induced from inflammation and other issues intended to be addressed in a subsequent stage of surgery, which are independent of our proposed solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this work we propose an innovative workflow that combines 3D printing and AR to improve ear reconstruction and positioning in microtia correction procedures. Our implementation in the surgical workflow showed good accuracy, empowering surgeons to attain consistent and objective outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11140883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a production workflow for 3D-printed temporal bone surgical simulators.","authors":"Andre Jing Yuen Ang, Shu Ping Chee, Joyce Zhi En Tang, Ching Yee Chan, Vanessa Yee Jueen Tan, Jordan Adele Lee, Thomas Schrepfer, Noor Mohamed Nisar Ahamed, Mark Bangwei Tan","doi":"10.1186/s41205-024-00218-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41205-024-00218-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>3D-printed temporal bone models enable the training and rehearsal of complex otological procedures. To date, there has been no consolidation of the literature regarding the developmental process of 3D-printed temporal bone models. A brief review of the current literature shows that many of the key surgical landmarks of the temporal bone are poorly represented in models. This study aims to propose a novel design and production workflow to produce high-fidelity 3D-printed temporal bone models for surgical simulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Developmental phases for data extraction, 3D segmentation and Computer Aided Design (CAD), and fabrication are outlined. The design and fabrication considerations for key anatomical regions, such as the mastoid air cells and course of the facial nerve, are expounded on with the associated strategy and design methods employed. To validate the model, radiological measurements were compared and a senior otolaryngologist performed various surgical procedures on the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurements between the original scans and scans of the model demonstrate sub-millimetre accuracy of the model. Assessment by the senior otologist found that the model was satisfactory in simulating multiple surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers a systematic method for creating accurate 3D-printed temporal bone models for surgical training. Results show high accuracy and effectiveness in simulating surgical procedures, promising improved training and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":72036,"journal":{"name":"3D printing in medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11138071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}