{"title":"RuSiNPs@N,S-GQDs as self-enhanced anodic electrochemiluminescent immunobeacons for the highly sensitive quantitation of okadaic acid in shellfish","authors":"Silun Li, Jiawei Peng, Xueying Lin, Jing Chen, Yanfang Wu, Quansheng Chen, Xiaomei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06823-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06823-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A competitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor is proposed to accurately and rapidly assess okadaic acid (OA) levels in shellfish using a novel self-reinforced solid-state ECL marker, which is essential for ensuring seafood safety. Graphene quantum dots doped with nitrogen and sulfur (<i>N,S</i>-GQDs) were synthesized, for the first time, through the electrolysis of graphite in 3-(<i>N</i>-morpholine) propane sulfonic acid solution. Intriguingly, these <i>N,S</i>-GQDs exhibited exceptional co-reactant properties, significantly enhancing the anodic ECL performance of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. Following the functionalization of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>-doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs) with poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, we achieved a well-dispersed assembly of <i>N,S</i>-GQDs on the exterior of the RuSiNPs through electrostatic interactions. Importantly, the core–shell structure of RuSiNPs@<i>N,S</i>-GQDs efficiently encapsulated both the luminophore and co-reactant, thus improving the transfer rates of electrons, shorting interaction distances, and reducing energy loss during light emission. Leveraging this “bright” ECL beacon, the ECL immunosensor demonstrated remarkable analytical performance, yielding a low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.14 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, an extensive linear range spanning 0.003–40 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, and impressively low limit of detection of 0.001 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> for OA determination.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06824-0
Youngseo Cho, Min-Ho Lee, SangWook Lee, Younghak Cho
{"title":"A long straight square microchannel in viscoelastic fluid for focusing submicron-sized particles and bacteria","authors":"Youngseo Cho, Min-Ho Lee, SangWook Lee, Younghak Cho","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06824-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06824-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A viscoelastic flow focusing device is presented that enables simple and robust focusing of submicron-sized particles in the channel center by optimizing operating conditions such as channel length, flow rate and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) concentration. Submicron-sized particles (up to 100 nm) can be easily focused to the channel center under viscoelastic fluid flow without any external force via a simply fabricated microchannel with a long channel length and a large square cross-section. The device was fabricated using a common soft lithography technique for the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel, which has a width of 50 μm, a height of 50 μm and a channel length of 27 cm. The extralong channel enabled submicron-sized particle focusing, even in a channel of a relatively large size with high flow rate, which can realize flow cytometric applications. The focusing performance was first demonstrated using submicron-sized polystyrene (PS) beads ranging from 870 nm to 50 nm and then using biological particles such as <i>E. coli</i> bacteria to demonstrate the biological feasibility of the device. The PS beads, which ranged in diameter from 870 nm to 100 nm, were focused to the center of the channel, achieving over 90% focusing efficiency for beads as small as 510 nm and 62% focusing efficiency for 100-nm beads. The device could also align a bacterial suspension in the center of the channel at flow rates up to 30 µL/min, demonstrating its biological importance. The ability of the developed device to align submicron-sized particles within a narrow flow stream in a highly robust manner is promising for various biological and clinical applications, such as distinguishing pathogenic bacteria and evaluating individual antibiotic responses in a single experiment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel electrochemiluminescent cytosensor using dual-target magnetic probe recognition and nanozymes-catalyzed cascade signal amplification for precise phenotypic enumeration of CTCs","authors":"Congcong Shen, Simin Fan, Xiaoqing Li, Fanshu Guo, Junru Li, Minghui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06825-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06825-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inability of surgical biopsy to monitor the dynamic evolution of cancer cells hampers its capacity to reflect real-time tumor heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as a crucial target in liquid biopsy, offer a novel approach for accurate monitoring of tumors. However, the rarity and complex phenotype resulting from epithelial-mesenchymal transition pose challenges for conventional methods such as CellSearch and immunohistochemistry, which have insufficient ability for simultaneous phenotyping and enumeration of CTCs. The enumeration of a single phenotype CTCs is insufficient for accurately assessing disease progression. Herein, we propose a strategy to address this issue by fabricating an electrochemiluminescence cytosensor via the integration of dual-target enrichment and nanozymes-catalyzed cascade signal amplification. The graphene oxide@hollow mesoporous Prussian blue/Pt (GO@HMPB/Pt) complex, possessing a large specific surface area and exceptional catalytic activity, is employed for loading a substantial amount of luminol as the signal probe. Dual-target magnetic PPy@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Au-antibody/aptamer is utilized for the magnetic capture of both epithelial and interstitial CTCs. Glutathione (GSH) can disrupt the Au–S bond on aptamer by a thiol exchange reaction and selectively releases a specific subset of phenotypic CTCs, thereby facilitating the efficient capture, accurate classification, and ultrasensitive detection of CTCs in peripheral blood. Using the epithelial MCF-7 and mesenchymal Hela cells as models, the ECL cytosensor demonstrates excellent performance in identifying cells spiked into whole blood. This study presents a novel approach for early detection of metastasis, tracking tumor recurrence, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06812-4
Sheetal Sheetal, Ritika Mittal, Nancy Gupta
{"title":"Selective synthesis of fluorescent metal nanoclusters over metal nanoparticles","authors":"Sheetal Sheetal, Ritika Mittal, Nancy Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06812-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06812-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters are pivotal in nanomaterial science, each offering unique properties for diverse applications. Nanoclusters, typically smaller than 2 nm, exhibit distinct optical and electronic characteristics due to quantum confinement, resulting in fluorescence emission. In contrast, metal nanoparticles, sized between 2 and 100 nm, exhibit absorption spectra. Both are synthesized by reducing metal precursors in the presence of a suitable stabilizing agent. While nanoparticles have been the historical research focus, recent attention has shifted to nanoclusters for their exceptional properties and their synthesis has evolved significantly over the past few decades. This review discusses the selective synthesis of nanoclusters over nanoparticles, emphasizing the role of various factors such as ligand concentration (metal-to-ligand ratio), reducing agents, pH, reaction time and temperature, solvents, and assistant reagents. Higher ligand concentrations stabilize smaller nanoclusters by preventing aggregation, while lower concentrations lead to larger nanoparticles. Stronger reducing agents produce smaller, more uniform particles, whereas weaker reducing agents yield larger ones. pH affects nanocluster size and emission properties. Solvents and assistant reagents influence reaction kinetics and material properties. Temperature and reaction time also play critical roles in controlling nanocluster size and properties. These insights guide the optimized synthesis of metal nanoclusters, for their specific applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06815-1
Seyed Mohammad Reza Mortazavi, Morteza Hosseini, Guobao Xu, Hossein Naderi-Manesh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali
{"title":"Highly specific detection of ROR1 cancer biomarker with bipolar electrochemiluminescence","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Reza Mortazavi, Morteza Hosseini, Guobao Xu, Hossein Naderi-Manesh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06815-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06815-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection system is presented integrated with a bipolar electrode system for sensitive cancer diagnosis. In order to achieve the highest electrical conductivity and redox-active surface area, MXene was chosen as the material for the bipolar electrode. As part of the detection process, the anodic pole of the bipolar electrode was modified with the receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) antibody, followed by an immunoassay using the ROR1 antibody-modified Ag triangle that was identified as significantly enhancing ECL. We measured the ECL of luminol using the anode pole of BPE as an analytical signal in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, 3D-printed microchannels were used to fabricate the BPE system, to reduce the quantity of sample required. It has been shown that the present immunosensors are low-cost and sensitive in detecting types of cancer, with an extended linear range of 10 fg mL<sup>−1</sup> to 1 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> in the analysis of synthetic samples and achieving an accuracy of ~ 90% in diagnosing ten unknown real samples.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly sensitive and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using a dual-recognition platform based on functionalized quantum dots and aptamer","authors":"Yu Chen, Ruiwen Li, Hao Shen, Nana Li, Wenjing Gao, Haipeng Guo, Bin Feng, Shaoning Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06821-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06821-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As one of the most harmful pathogenic bacteria in shrimp aquaculture, <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> often causes massive mortality in shrimp. Accurate and rapid detection of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in shrimp farming is essential for avoiding huge economic losses caused by related diseases. In this study, we designed a dual-recognition platform for efficient identification and quantification of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. First, the target bacterium was captured with magnetic beads functionalized by aptamers (Apt-MBs), and then, the broad-spectrum fluorescent probe FcMBL@CdSe-ZnS was used to detect the bacterium based on the interactions between fragment crystallizable mannose-binding lectin (FcMBL) and pathogenic bacteria. The proposed dual-recognition strategy centered around aptamers and FcMBL@CdSe-ZnS was applied to definite quantification of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> over a wide range of 10–10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL with a limit of detection of 4 CFU/mL within 55 min. The feasibility was demonstrated by using the platform to detect <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> from shrimp intestine, aquaculture water, and seawater.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06818-y
Xiangyang Shao, Xiaoli Liu, Lianzi Yu, Xiuzhi Yu, Jianhua Hu
{"title":"A fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay using AIEgen-encapsulated nanoparticles to rapidly and sensitively detect pro-gastrin-releasing peptide","authors":"Xiangyang Shao, Xiaoli Liu, Lianzi Yu, Xiuzhi Yu, Jianhua Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06818-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06818-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (F-LFIA) is presented using nanoparticles with encapsulated molecules whose emission is caused by aggregation as the fluorescent label to quantitatively detect gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (proGRP) in serum. The detection system was optimized to achieve a broad linear detection range of 10 ~ 5000 pg/mL and a detection limit of 6 pg/mL for F-LFIA. The proposed method exhibited good sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The performance and applicability of the F-LFIA were evaluated in the analysis of 183 human serum samples, and the results were strongly correlated with those of the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The proposed F-LFIA can serve as a precise and rapid detection method to detect proGRP and has potential for the early diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06779-2
Yisi Wang, Junying Zhang, Xinxin Lv, Ya Ding, Yaolong Wang, Yuanhua Liu, Chunyong Wu, Gongjun Yang
{"title":"A highly sensitive and selective label-free impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of interleukin-6 based on AuNPs@pDA@NiCo2S4@MoS2 nanocomposite","authors":"Yisi Wang, Junying Zhang, Xinxin Lv, Ya Ding, Yaolong Wang, Yuanhua Liu, Chunyong Wu, Gongjun Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06779-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06779-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A highly sensitive and selective label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on AuNPs@pDA@NiCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite modified on the surface of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) was designed for the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6). The distribution of NiCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles on MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets was able to prevent them from agglomerating. The polydopamine (pDA) layer was coated on the surface of NiCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets by self-polymerization, which improved the stability and biocompatibility of the nanomaterial. The excellent reduction ability of pDA promoted the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which increased the amount of antibody adsorption and the conductivity of the material. Finally, the antibody (Ab) of IL-6 was immobilized on the surface of AuNPs@pDA@NiCo<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to detect the change of impedance before and after the immune response between Ab and IL-6 antigen (IL-6). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the relative change in impedance and the logarithmic concentration of IL-6 showed a good linear relationship in the range 1.00 to 1.00 × 10<sup>6</sup> pg/mL, with a low detection limit of 0.97 pg/mL. In addition, the proposed immunosensor performed with good reproducibility, stability, and specificity. It was successfully applied to the determination of IL-6 in patient’s serum samples of head and neck carcinoma with recoveries of 98.40% to 106.5%. To sum up, the proposed label-free impedimetric immunosensor was successfully constructed for IL-6 detection in real samples.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Au@Pt@Pd nanozymes based lateral flow immunoassay for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in nasal swab samples","authors":"Chengcheng Li, Jinhui Lu, Chao Xiang, Enhui Zhang, Xiaofang Tian, Ling Zhang, Tingting Li, Chengyao Li","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06819-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06819-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-metal-core-shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt@PdNPs) providing excellent peroxidase-like activity were applied in lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), designated as Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA, for detecting the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA was developed for quantitatively testing of SARS-CoV-2 NP with a range 0.12–31.25 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) of Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA strip was 0.06 ng/mL, which was 16-fold or eightfold more sensitive than that of the gold lateral flow immunoassay (Au-LFIA) and the gold flower flow immunoassay (AF-LFIA) strips, respectively. For detection of clinical samples from nasal swabs using test strips, Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA had 84.09% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 92.55% accuracy. In terms of detection time, the testing of Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA strip was 16 min similar to Au-LFIA (15 min) and AF-LFIA (10 min), but much shorter than ELISA (2 h). In conclusion, Au@Pt@Pd-LFIA is a sensitive, rapid, and simple test for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 NP in nasal swab samples.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on APTES-functionalized indium tin oxide electrode for the determination of sulfadiazine","authors":"Samridhi Chopra, Manisha Balkhandia, Manisha Khatak, Navya Sagar, Ved Varun Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s00604-024-06781-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-024-06781-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An electrochemical sensor was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of sulfadiazine (SDZ), based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film formed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode through a self-assembly process. The SDZ-imprinted ITO electrode (SDZ-MIP/APTES-ITO) was prepared through in situ polymerization using sulfadiazine, methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the template, functional monomer, cross-linker, and initiator respectively. Before polymerization, the ITO electrode was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to promote covalent attachment of the polymer to the electrode. After polymerization, the template molecule SDZ was removed to create selective recognition sites, forming the molecularly imprinted polymer electrode (MIP/APTES-ITO), which facilitates sulfadiazine detection. The sensor’s performance was evaluated using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, demonstrating a linear response in the sulfadiazine concentration range 0.1 to 300 μM, with a detection limit of 0.11 μM. The MIP-based sensor exhibited good reproducibility, repeatability, selectivity, and stability in sulfadiazine detection. Its practical applicability was confirmed by the successful quantification of sulfadiazine in spiked milk samples.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"191 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}