High-performance electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of malachite green in food matrices using MOF-derived nanocomposites

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Microchimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1007/s00604-025-07170-5

Na Li, Yiqun Guo, Mengmeng Wu, Aiying Wang, Yuna Guo, Yuancheng Li

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Abstract

A highly specific and ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for malachite green (MG) detection in complex food matrices is presented. The sensor was constructed through a stepwise assembly process incorporating gold nanoparticles, antibodies, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived Pd/CuO@NiO nanocomposites. Its structure and electrochemical performance were thoroughly validated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Key detection parameters, including pH and nanocomposite concentration, were systematically optimized to maximize sensor performance. The sensor demonstrated a broad linear detection range (10⁻⁴ to 100 ng/mL) and an ultralow detection limit (42 pg/L). Specificity tests confirmed the immunosensor’s ability to selectively detect MG without interference from structurally similar compounds such as crystal violet, nitrofuran drugs, and chloramphenicol. Its practical applicability was verified using pretreated freshwater fish samples spiked with MG, yielding recoveries of 95%–105%. Furthermore, the results showed strong agreement with those of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) method, with minimal difference ratios observed. These findings establish the immunosensor as a reliable, accurate, and rapid tool for detecting MG in food safety applications. Looking ahead, the platform’s modular design and versatility provide opportunities to extend its application to other harmful contaminants in food and environmental monitoring, contributing to broader advancements in public health and safety.

Graphical abstract

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基于mof衍生纳米复合材料的食品基质中孔雀石绿超灵敏检测的高性能电化学免疫传感器

提出了一种用于检测复杂食品基质中孔雀石绿（MG）的高特异、超灵敏的电化学免疫传感器。该传感器是通过将金纳米颗粒、抗体和金属有机框架（MOF）衍生的Pd/CuO@NiO纳米复合材料逐步组装而成的。利用循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对其结构和电化学性能进行了验证。系统优化了关键检测参数，包括pH和纳米复合材料浓度，以最大限度地提高传感器的性能。该传感器具有较宽的线性检测范围（10−4 ~ 100 ng/mL）和超低检测限（42 pg/L）。特异性测试证实免疫传感器能够选择性地检测MG，而不受结构相似的化合物如结晶紫、硝基呋喃类药物和氯霉素的干扰。用加MG预处理的淡水鱼样品验证了该方法的实用性，回收率为95% ~ 105%。此外，结果显示与传统的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法的结果非常一致，差异极小。这些发现奠定了免疫传感器作为食品安全应用中检测MG的可靠、准确和快速的工具。展望未来，该平台的模块化设计和多功能性为将其应用扩展到食品和环境监测中的其他有害污染物提供了机会，为公共健康和安全的更广泛进步做出了贡献。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Microchimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

410

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： As a peer-reviewed journal for analytical sciences and technologies on the micro- and nanoscale, Microchimica Acta has established itself as a premier forum for truly novel approaches in chemical and biochemical analysis. Coverage includes methods and devices that provide expedient solutions to the most contemporary demands in this area. Examples are point-of-care technologies, wearable (bio)sensors, in-vivo-monitoring, micro/nanomotors and materials based on synthetic biology as well as biomedical imaging and targeting.