{"title":"A β-cyclodextrin/AuNPs@MWCNT/chitosan-hydrogel-based 3D stochastic sensor for simultaneous determination of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and natriuretic peptide C-type in whole blood samples","authors":"Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden, Andrada-Ioana Stefan, Ramona Georgescu-State, Ioana Catalina Gifu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07514-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07514-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular recognition and determination of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and natriuretic peptide C-type (NPPC) are essential for the early prognosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, especially in young obese populations. Highly sensitive and selective devices characterized by low Limits of quantification are required for their determination in whole blood. Therefore, a 3D stochastic sensor was developed by immobilizing a chitosan hydrogel onto a carbon paste electrode (used as the support matrix for the hydrogel), which was subsequently modified with gold nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD/AuNPs@MWCNT/CS/CPE). The sensor was designed, characterized, and validated using whole blood samples and compared with commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits for the molecular recognition and determination of IL-6, VCAM-1, and NPPC. The sensor exhibited low Limits of quantification: 4.10 × 10<sup>−17</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> for IL-6, 5.00 × 10<sup>−16</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> for VCAM-1, and 1.00 × 10<sup>−15</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> for NPPC, with wide Linear concentration ranges of 4.10 × 10<sup>−17</sup>–2.00 × 10<sup>−7</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> (IL-6), 5.00 × 10<sup>−16</sup>–5.00 × 10<sup>−8</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> (VCAM-1), and 1.00 × 10<sup>−15</sup>–1.00 × 10<sup>−9</sup> g mL<sup>−1</sup> (NPPC). The recoveries for each biomarker were higher than 99.85%, with relative standard deviations below 1.00%. The sensor can be used as a screening tool for whole blood, enabling rapid molecular recognition and determination of IL-6, VCAM-1, and NPPC.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A colorimetric fluorometric dual-mode aptasensor for aflatoxin B1 detection driven by Au@CeO2 core–shell nanozymes","authors":"Ziyue Chen, Lei Bai, Xinhua Xie, Xinhao Zhang, Shuaiqi Wen, Jieqiong Qin, Shichang Zhang, Bobo Zhang, Hongshuai Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07509-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07509-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A dual-mode aptasensor was engineered for aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) detection by functional integration of peroxidase-mimetic Au@CeO<sub>2</sub> core–shell nanostructures with emissive carbon dots (CDs). The Au@CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite, synthesized via spontaneous redox reaction, exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity due to abundant Ce<sup>3+</sup>/oxygen vacancies facilitating hydroxyl radical generation. The aptasensor utilizes a competitive binding mechanism, where AFB<sub>1</sub> competed with immobilized Au@CeO<sub>2</sub>-CDs-Apt1 probes for binding sites, resulting in inversely proportional colorimetric and fluorescent signals. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor achieved a broad linear detection range (0.001–50 ng/mL) with an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0005 ng/mL. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, and was successfully applied to detect AFB<sub>1</sub> in spiked peanut samples, with recoveries ranging from 98.7 to 116.7%. This work not only advances the design of nanozyme-based biosensors but also provides a rapid, accurate, and field-deployable strategy for monitoring mycotoxins in complex food matrices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07401-9
Qi Cao, Songrui Li, Jiutong Ma, Qiong Jia
{"title":"A novel dual-ligand luminescent Eu-based metal-organic framework for ratiometric fluorescence sensing and visual detection of tetracycline","authors":"Qi Cao, Songrui Li, Jiutong Ma, Qiong Jia","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07401-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07401-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tetracycline (TC) residues in animal-derived food pose a significant threat to human health, necessitating the development of straightforward and user-friendly methods for TC detection to safeguard food safety. Here, a series of novel Eu-based metal-organic frameworks (Eu-MOFs) were prepared using a dual-ligand strategy. In the midst of these Eu-MOFs, Eu-ABPDC<sub>0.6</sub>/BPDC<sub>0.4</sub> exhibits the dual emission at 472 and 619 nm under single-wavelength excitation, enabling highly effective ratiometric fluorescence sensing of TC. Notably, the sensor presents favorable performance characteristics, including rapid response (90 s), high specificity, broad linear range (0.1–200 μM), and low detection limit (0.081 μM). Furthermore, based on the attractive performance of Eu-ABPDC<sub>0.6</sub>/BPDC<sub>0.4</sub>, it was further combined with carrageenan to prepare a hydrogel assay kit for onsite, smartphone-assisted visualization and quantitative detection of TC.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07499-x
Duong Song Thai Duong, Chang-Hyun Jang
{"title":"Enzyme cascade-induced optical sensing of hyaluronidase using an ultraviolet-modified liquid crystal interface","authors":"Duong Song Thai Duong, Chang-Hyun Jang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07499-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07499-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>H\u0000yaluronidase (HAase) is a clinically significant enzyme involved in tumor progression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation. Hence, HAase is an important biomarker for disease diagnostics. Here, a label-free, pH-responsive biosensor using ultraviolet (UV)-treated liquid crystals (LCs) for HAase detection is presented. The sensor utilizes a cascade enzymatic reaction where HAase hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid (HA) into oligosaccharides, which are sequentially degraded by β-glucuronidase, chitosanase, and amine oxidase into glucosaminic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and protons (H⁺). This results in a significant decrease in pH. The pH change alters the protonation state of the 4-cyano-4′-biphenylcarboxylic acid UV-induced product of 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl, triggering a distinct optical reorientation of the LC at the aqueous interface. Reorientation is evident as a dark-to-bright transition in polarized optical microscopy. The sensor is highly sensitive with a detection limit of 0.0018 U/mL and a linear detection range from 0.3 to 40 U/mL. The sensor also demonstrates excellent selectivity and can detect HAase in dilute human serum and urine samples, highlighting its potential as a practical diagnostic platform.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07420-6
Bolu Sun, Jiali Kang, Zixia Wang, Yuqiong Wu, Haiying He, Xinlan Wang, Xuanxiu Da, Miao Zhou, Ying Lv, Chenyu Qin, Xiangdong Wang, Lin Yang, Huajie Li, Hai Wang
{"title":"An electrochemical immunosensor based on HFABP for the early detection of drug-induced cardiac toxicity from traditional Chinese medicines","authors":"Bolu Sun, Jiali Kang, Zixia Wang, Yuqiong Wu, Haiying He, Xinlan Wang, Xuanxiu Da, Miao Zhou, Ying Lv, Chenyu Qin, Xiangdong Wang, Lin Yang, Huajie Li, Hai Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07420-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07420-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An electrochemical immunosensor was successfully developed for evaluating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-induced cardiac toxicity by immobilizing heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP)-specific antibodies on an electrode surface modified with chitosan (CS)-functionalized metal–organic framework ZIF-8 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Leveraging the excellent biocompatibility of AuNPs, the excellent stability and high surface area of ZIF-8, along with the strong specific recognition capability of HFABP antibodies, the sensor demonstrated superior performance. Under optimized experimental conditions, it achieved an ultra-low detection limit of 7.09 × 10<sup>−2</sup> pg mL<sup>−1</sup> for HFABP, maintained excellent linearity in the range 1.57 × 10<sup>−2</sup> ~ 1.60 × 10<sup>1</sup> ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, and outperformed conventional ELISA methods in sensitivity when applied to TCM-induced cardiac toxicity models. The sensor also demonstrated excellent specificity, reproducibility, and stability. This research provides a sensitive and rapid new method for early warning of TCM-induced cardiac toxicity and contributes technical support and scientific reference for improving diagnostic accuracy in herbal medicine safety assessment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07440-2
Peng Zhang, Junxian Hong, Fengjuan Miao, Bairui Tao
{"title":"Design of passive coding RFID sensor tags for smart agriculture based on RGO-TiO2-SWCNT electrode","authors":"Peng Zhang, Junxian Hong, Fengjuan Miao, Bairui Tao","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07440-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A passive coding monopod antenna sensor (RFID) tag based on a composite material of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is studied. This sensor can be used to precisely measure light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration. Under the illumination of light with an intensity ranging from 4 to 18.1 klx, the input echo suffered a loss of − 21.88 dB. The response time of the tag to the light intensity was 9.8 s, and the recovery time was 19.2 s. The label generated a frequency point change of 124 MHZ at a carbon dioxide concentration ranging from 700 to 1900 ppm. The response time to the carbon dioxide concentration was 5.2 s, and the recovery time was 18.4 s. After testing and evaluation, this label has excellent stability, repeatability, and responsiveness under normal conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07493-3
Weiman Zhao, Wenxiang Fan, Longchan Liu, Yingrui Gao, Ruonan Tong, Liying You, Linnan Li, Zhengtao Wang, Li Yang
{"title":"Development of three-dimensional boronate affinity dendritic mesoporous silica coupled with HPLC-CAD for selective determination of ginsenosides","authors":"Weiman Zhao, Wenxiang Fan, Longchan Liu, Yingrui Gao, Ruonan Tong, Liying You, Linnan Li, Zhengtao Wang, Li Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07493-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07493-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The precise and selective determination of ginsenosides, pharmacologically diverse saponins abundant in Panax species, is crucial for their therapeutic development and stringent quality control. However, inherent challenges, including their weak ultraviolet absorption and the high polarity imparted by sugar moieties, complicate their determination. Addressing these limitations, this study introduces the first-time construction and application of a boronate affinity dendritic mesoporous silica nanomaterial (BA-DMSN) as a highly efficient adsorbent for ginsenoside pretreatment. The synthesized BA-DMSN was comprehensively characterized, confirming a unique three-dimensional open dendritic framework, high specific surface area, and exceptional inner surface accessibility. These attributes facilitate rapid analyte adsorption and release, enabling a solid-phase extraction (SPE) process completed within approximately 10 min. Critically, the strategic incorporation of boronic acid groups conferred specific selectivity towards the cis-diol structures present in ginsenosides, allowing for their highly effective enrichment from complex matrices. Integrating this novel adsorbent with charged aerosol detection (CAD), a boronate affinity chromatography strategy was successfully developed and validated for the quantitative determination of nine key ginsenosides (notoginsenosides Fa, Fc, FP2, Fe, and ginsenosides Rc, Rd, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3) in stem-leaf extracts of Panax notoginseng. Methodological investigations demonstrated that this approach offers significant advantages over existing techniques, including operational simplicity, outstanding selectivity, and enhanced sensitivity, particularly for ginsenosides lacking strong chromophores. The successful analysis of actual <i>Panax notoginseng</i> samples underscores the robust applicability and promising prospects of the BA-DMSN-based SPE-CAD methodology for the quality control and further research of ginsenoside-based natural products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07450-0
Baolei Ma, Zijun Wang
{"title":"Electrochemical detection of cortisol in sweat for sports performance analysis using graphene oxide-silicon carbide nanocomposites","authors":"Baolei Ma, Zijun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07450-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> An advanced electrochemical immunosensor platform was designed for the precise quantification of cortisol. The sensor design integrates graphene oxide-silicon carbide (GO-SiC) nanocomposites onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Denatured bovine serum albumin (d-BSA) and an anti-cortisol antibody were immobilized on the GO-SiC/GCE surface as part of the immunosensor’s design. The GO-SiC nanocomposite offers excellent biocompatibility, with hydroxy and amine functional groups facilitating stable antibody immobilization while minimizing nanocomposite leaching from the electrode. The GO nanosheets contribute to superior electrical conductivity and structural stability. Moreover, the integration of SiC nanorods further enhances stability and biocompatibility. To assess electrochemical properties, CV, EIS, and DPV methods were performed. The immunosensor successfully measured cortisol levels, showing ability to detect very low amounts with high accuracy and a wide range of concentration, down to 90 fg/mL. Additionally, selectivity and stability experiments confirmed the strong affinity of the immunosensor and long-term stability toward cortisol. These findings suggest that the proposed immunosensor offers a highly efficient and reliable approach for biomarker detection strategies in sports science.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectrometric analysis of chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer on a smartphone-enabled analytical device","authors":"Chunuranjan Dutta, Arunabh Bezbaruah, Satya Sundar Bhattacharya, Pabitra Nath","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07497-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07497-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of a smartphone-enabled analytical device (SEAD) is reported that detects and analyzes chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) between donor and acceptor molecules during a chemical reaction process. The proposed analytical tool is compact, user-friendly, cost-efficient, and provides an alternative platform suitable for in-field investigations. The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction protocol adopted generates violet-blue light signal with peak wavelength emission at ~ 425 nm that occurs due to chemical excitation of the donor species. In the presence of an acceptor molecule, a non-radiative energy transfer occurs from the excited donor to the acceptor molecule. As a result of this energy transfer, the excited acceptor molecule undergoes return to lower exitation state emitting radiation at a longer wavelength (~ 514 nm). The emergence of a secondary emission peak due to CRET can be detected using the designed SEAD. The usability of the sensing platform has been demonstrated through the detection of silver ions (Ag⁺) in aqueous solutions with a limit of detection (<i>LOD</i>) of 17.04 μM. The sensing scheme proposed is highly selective. The obtained results highlight that the designed sensing scheme could emerge as an alternative platform for monitoring of chemical and environmental parameters through CRET-based analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07488-0
Mengtian Chen, Mengdi Yuan, Tong Bu, Yang Wang, Xianqing Huang, Lianjun Song, Pingan Zhang, Yexuan Mao, Xiya Zhang
{"title":"Effect of food matrices on AFB1 recovery by lateral flow immunoassay with deep eutectic solvents as a green alternative to conventional extraction","authors":"Mengtian Chen, Mengdi Yuan, Tong Bu, Yang Wang, Xianqing Huang, Lianjun Song, Pingan Zhang, Yexuan Mao, Xiya Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07488-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07488-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>D ifferent samples may cause various types of matrix interference in lateral flow immunoassay (LFA), while deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as emerging green solvents can be synthesized to adapt to different extraction processes by adjusting the composition of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs). Initially, 30 types of food samples were selected to explore the total dilution factors (tDFs) and limit of detection (LODs) on AFB<sub>1</sub> detection by acetonitrile/water extraction. The matrix effect may be induced by some food matrices with high-fat content, including pumpkin seed kernel, almond, pecan, black sesame seed, walnut, and pine nut (tDFs exceeding 70-fold). DES-5 composed of Bet and EG with a molar ratio of 1:3, and a water content of 5% was selected as the optimal extraction solvent, which possessed a strong binding energy with AFB<sub>1</sub> (− 147.35 kJ/mol) but weak interaction with four main fatty acids (− 67.28 kJ/mol to − 74.20 kJ/mol). The DES-based LFA demonstrated that the LODs of pumpkin seed kernel, almond, pecan, black sesame seed, walnut, and pine nut were 0.74 μg/kg, 1.18 μg/kg, 1.01 μg/kg. 0.68 μg/kg, 0.98 μg/kg, and 1.21 μg/kg with recoveries of 79.39% ~ 94.21%, which was about 50% lower than that by acetonitrile/water extraction. According to the results of Soxhlet extraction, 73.46% ~ 85.91% of the total fat content of six food samples with high-fat content was transferred to the upper layer, and the fat content of detection phases (1.16 ~ 3.71 mg/g) by DES extraction (2 mL) was much lower than that of detection phases (4.76 ~ 6.35 mg/g) by acetonitrile/water extraction (2 mL). These results demonstrate that DESs as promising green extraction solvents can weaken the fat-induced matrix effect to achieve accurate detection of AFB<sub>1</sub>, which may provide a new strategy for reducing the interference of other compounds in the use of LFA.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}