Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2026-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s00604-026-08394-9
Drishya Prakashan, C A Amarnath, Shilpa N Sawant, G Taru Sharma, Sonu Gandhi
{"title":"Gold-graphene based nanofiber biosensor for selective electrochemical identification of CD105-positive canine mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"Drishya Prakashan, C A Amarnath, Shilpa N Sawant, G Taru Sharma, Sonu Gandhi","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08394-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08394-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for use in regenerative medicine owing to their multipotent characteristics and immunomodulatory properties; however, maintaining their cell surface phenotype and stemness during their in-vitro culture is one of the major challenges. To adress this issue an electrochemical biosensor has been developed for the detection of MSCs based on the expression of their surface marker CD105. This device has been fabricated through the process of electrospinning of PCL-gelatin nanofibers incorporated with AmGn and AuNPs composites to create a conductive interface. Also, the nanofibrous composite created an increase in electroactive area and improved cell-electrode interactions, while EDC/NHS coupling chemistry enabled stable and covalent immobilization of CD105 Ab. The biosensor demonstrated a linear and proportional electrochemical response to MSCs over the range of 78 − 10,000 cells, with a practical detection limit of 312 cells. The device showed negligible cross reactivity and was validated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to confirm the sensor’s reliability and accuracy. The biosensor remained above 70% of the initial response after two weeks of storage at 4 °C, indicating moderate stability of the biosensor. This device presents a sensitive and selective approach for CD105 positive canine MSC detection, offering a promising tool for quality control in cell-based therapeutic applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2026-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s00604-026-08379-8
Ye Cao, Juan Hu, Jia-Yi Yan, Han Liu, Ru Yan, Bo Zhang, You-Zhen Feng, Zhong-Yuan Cheng
{"title":"Spatiotemporal visualization of superoxide in diabetic nephropathy via an activatable fluorescent probe","authors":"Ye Cao, Juan Hu, Jia-Yi Yan, Han Liu, Ru Yan, Bo Zhang, You-Zhen Feng, Zhong-Yuan Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08379-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08379-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by progressive renal impairment and limited biomarkers for early diagnosis. Herein, we developed CZY, a mitochondria-localizing activatable fluorescent probe for superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup>). CZY showed high selectivity toward O<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup>, chemical stability, and favorable biocompatibility. In mIMCD-3 cells, CZY enabled time-dependent visualization of O<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup>-associated oxidative activity. Additionally, CZY could enable visualization of O<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> and support it as an effective molecular imaging platform for monitoring O<sub>2</sub><sup>·−</sup> variation in DN model. Collectively, this study clarifies oxidative stress level in DN and provides a useful basis for subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic exploration.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148896329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2026-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s00604-026-08365-0
Qiye Liu, Yu Zhan, Pingping Sun, Anqi Li, Lian Xie, Qin Ding, Chong Chang, Shijun Chen, Chaoyuan Zeng, Weijie Chi
{"title":"A dual‑site reactive ratiometric fluorescent probe for spermine and spermidine discrimination with visualizable sensing","authors":"Qiye Liu, Yu Zhan, Pingping Sun, Anqi Li, Lian Xie, Qin Ding, Chong Chang, Shijun Chen, Chaoyuan Zeng, Weijie Chi","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08365-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08365-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bioamines spermine and spermidine, which are structurally similar and often coexist in complex matrices, still pose substantial challenges for achieving efficient detection of one another. To address this, a novel coumarin-based fluorescent probe, DX-Cl-CN has been developed. By introducing a chlorine atom and a vinylene-linked dicyanopropene motif as two dual reactive sites, the probe enables specific, differential responses toward spermine and spermidine across various bioamines. In DMSO, its maximum emission wavelength reaches 598 nm. Increasing solvent polarity induces a red shift in emission due to excited-state stabilization and enhanced molecular planarity. When interacting with spermine or spermidine, the probe exhibits a distinctive two-stage blue shift in fluorescence emission: its emission peak first shifts from 598 to 550 nm, then further to 486 nm. Ratiometric fluorescence analysis based on I<sub>550</sub>/I<sub>486</sub> exhibits excellent linearity. Nanofibrous thin films prepared via electrospinning enable naked-eye visualization to discriminate among gaseous biogenic amines. Theoretical calculations revealed a two-step reaction mechanism in which the DX‑Cl‑CN first undergoes a Michael addition to the primary amine of spermine or spermidine, via the vinyl-dicyanide double bond, followed by intramolecular cyclization induced by the secondary amine via chlorine displacement. DX-Cl-N offers dual-application potential in solution and solid-state film systems, providing a new strategy for rapid, visual detection of spermine and spermidine in complex environments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2026-09-02DOI: 10.1007/s00604-026-08380-1
Chengyao Li, Shumin Zhao, Youqi Duan, Lei Shang, Rongna Ma, Xiaojian Li, Liping Jia, Chuan Li, Guangming Nie, Wei Zhang
{"title":"Self-assembled perylene diimide/CuO p–n heterojunction-enhanced photoelectrochemical platform for sensitive dopamine detection","authors":"Chengyao Li, Shumin Zhao, Youqi Duan, Lei Shang, Rongna Ma, Xiaojian Li, Liping Jia, Chuan Li, Guangming Nie, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08380-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08380-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of a highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) platform for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) is of significant importance. In this study, an amine-propyl-functionalized perylene diimide (PA-PDI) self-assembly block material was fabricated and demonstrated a pronounced photoanodic current response under visible-light irradiation at 630 nm. Upon introduction of Cu<sup>2+</sup>, PA-PDI underwent structural reorganization from nanoflakes into nanobelts, leading to the in situ formation of a PA-PDI/CuO p–n heterojunction. This heterojunction markedly enhanced charge separation efficiency, resulting in a remarkable increase in photocurrent. Notably, the presence of DA triggered a substantial decrease in the photocurrent, which was proposed to arise from the likely formation of polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of PA-PDI/CuO via Cu<sup>2+</sup>-catalyzed oxidation of DA; the resulting PDA layer was suggested to act as an insulating layer and effective electron acceptor, thereby suppressing interfacial electron transfer within the heterojunction. Leveraging this proposed PEC transduction mechanism, a label-free PEC sensor was developed for the quantitative detection of DA, exhibiting a wide linear range from 10<sup>− 2</sup> µM to 10<sup>2</sup> µM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998) and a low limit of detection of 5.38 nM (S/<i>N</i> = 3). Furthermore, satisfactory recoveries (96.8–100.6%) were achieved in spiked human serum samples.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A piezoelectric pump with flow-concentrating chamber for multifunctional microfluidic systems","authors":"Song Chen, Junjun Zhou, Junjie Li, Zanmei Zou, Zhonghua Zhang, Junwu Kan, Qi Cui, Tianlong Zhang, Yigang Shen","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08381-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08381-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piezoelectric pumps have garnered significant interest in such systems owing to their compact form factor, ease of integration, rapid response, and precise fluid delivery. However, simultaneously achieving high output and stable flow remains challenging due to internal flow losses and flow field fluctuations. To overcome this limitation, we propose a piezoelectric pump with a flow-concentrating chamber (PPFC) for multifunctional microfluidic applications. The flow-concentrating chamber creates a low-resistance pathway within the pump chamber, which regulates hydraulic resistance distribution and enhances directional fluid transport. The performance of the PPFC was systematically characterized through numerical simulations, prototype fabrication, and experimental measurements, including on-chip particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Compared with a standard piezoelectric pump, the PPFC achieved an approximately 30% higher output flow rate and a significant reduction in velocity fluctuation, demonstrating improved pumping efficiency and flow stability. Furthermore, the PPFC was successfully applied to droplet generation and inertial particle focusing, exhibiting performance comparable to that of conventional constant-flow pumping systems. This work provides a simple and scalable strategy for improving the performance of piezoelectric pumps and advancing their integration into multifunctional lab-on-a-chip platforms.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ferrocene-functionalized NH2-UiO-66/MoO3 ratiometric electrochemical sensing platform for efficient monitoring of levofloxacin","authors":"Yujiao Kang, Hao Guo, Zeyun Yang, Meng Deng, Yu Xin, Jia Ren, Mingyue Wang, Wu Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08372-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08372-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, levofloxacin (LEV) residue in biological and environmental samples has aroused widespread public concern. In this work, NH<sub>2</sub>-UiO-66 was in-situ synthesized via a solvothermal route on MoO<sub>3</sub> surface. Subsequent covalent modification with ferrocene (Fc) afforded a ratiometric electrochemical sensor denoted as Fc-NH<sub>2</sub>-UiO-66/MoO<sub>3</sub>/GCE for LEV quantification. The anchored Fc units not only construct an internal self-calibration system with stable reference signal to greatly improve detection reliability, but also boost the electrical conductivity of the composite electrode. The as-fabricated sensor exhibits favorable analytical performance toward LEV, featuring a wide linear range of 0.6 µM-600 µM and a low limit of detection of 0.032 µM, together with stable anti-interference capability. Moreover, the developed electrode was successfully employed to determine LEV in practical specimens including serum, urine and commercial LEV eye drops. This reliable and sensitive analytical strategy exhibits promising prospects for clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical analysis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arginine-engineered gold nanoclusters for doxorubicin chemiluminescence sensing","authors":"Chuangui Cai, Zhen Lin, Wensong Yao, Shan Lian, Kaiyuan Huang, Haohua Deng, Xinhua Lin, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08346-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08346-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arginine surface-engineered 6-aza-2-thiothymine gold nanoclusters (Arg/ATT-AuNCs) via host-guest assembly were synthesized which exhibit exceptional catalytic activity and intense photoluminescence. Arg/ATT-AuNCs enhanced the CL intensity from NaIO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> system by 1200-fold. The CL mechanistic studies revealed that Arg/ATT-AuNCs not only accelerated decay of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to form reactive oxygen species, but also acted as efficient energy acceptors of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) via a CL resonance energy transfer (CRET) pathway. It was observed that doxorubicin (DOX) quenches the CL signal through an inner filter effect that disrupts the CRET process. Based on this, a straightforward, rapid, and highly sensitive biosensor has been developed for the detection of DOX in human serum samples, achieving a low detection limit of 0.029 µM. The biosensor was applied to DOX determination in human serum samples with recoveries ranging from 91.1 to 106.2%. This study not only provides a new method for the detection of DOX, but also broadens the application scope of AuNCs in the field of CL.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorescent nanozyme-based biosensors: Classification, catalytic mechanisms, and emerging applications","authors":"Sheetal Badhal, Bindu Dhuva, Komal, Sangeeta Obrai","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08344-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08344-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluorescent nanozymes have increasingly drawn attention as a unique type of nanozyme-like materials, whose value lies not in a single characteristic but in the combination of catalytic performance and fluorescence within one material system. Traditional nanozyme sensing systems are based on colorimetric detection methods that, although simple in operation, suffer from poor sensitivity and are easily influenced by coloured or turbid samples. The fluorescence approach addresses most of these issues, enabling sensitive detection, real-time monitoring of the signal, and suitability for microscale measurements-all of which play an important role in transferring research laboratory experiments into diagnostic tests at the point of care. In addition to sensitivity, fluorescent nanozymes still preserve such practical characteristics as high stability, long-term shelf life, cost-effective production, and tunability of surface chemistry for modulation of catalytic and fluorescent properties. In this review, recent progress in the field of fluorescent nanozyme-based biosensors has been analysed with an emphasis placed equally on accomplishments and limitations in the area. The classification of fluorescent nanozymes is explored based on different criteria, such as compositional, dimensional, catalytic and fluorescent types, as one single classification approach would be inadequate for describing the existing diversity of fluorescent nanozyme-based sensing platforms. A key aspect that needs to be considered is the catalytic reactions utilised to generate or enhance fluorescence signals, namely, peroxidase-like, oxidase-like and Fenton/Fenton-like mechanisms, with inherent mechanistic benefits and practical challenges associated with their utilisation that are not always addressed properly in experimental work. Potential applications of fluorescent nanozymes have also been discussed, particularly about performance that is relevant for each application domain, rather than just analytical capabilities. Concurrently, various issues are discussed in depth, including substrate specificity, that is often inadequate in most systems, insufficient understanding of catalysis mechanisms in many materials, fluorescence quenching due to biological matrices, and a lack of standardised testing protocols for nanozyme assays. The challenges mentioned above not only pose technical problems but also act as major hurdles for the further development of nanozyme technology to achieve translational validity. This review concludes by discussing strategies for developing highly selective and sensitive fluorescent nanozymes suitable for practical biosensing applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchimica ActaPub Date : 2026-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s00604-026-08369-w
Xifeng Dou, Wenqing Geng, Rong Tan, Hao Peng, Yifeng Tu
{"title":"A versatile AuNPs@UiO-66-based electrochemiluminescent immunosensing platform for sensitive detection of talin proteins","authors":"Xifeng Dou, Wenqing Geng, Rong Tan, Hao Peng, Yifeng Tu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08369-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08369-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensing strategy developed based on a gold nanoparticle-decorated UiO-66 composite (AuNPs@UiO-66) for the sensitive detection of proteins is reported. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between UiO-66 and AuNPs, the nanocomposite exhibits amplified luminol ECL due to specific surface area, fast electron-transfer, and catalytic activity toward the yielding of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Meanwhile, the AuNPs provide favorable conditions for antibody immobilization to realize the specific sensing performance. The formation of immune-complexes leads to increasing steric hindrance of probe and interfacial electron-transfer resistance, resulting in decreased ECL emission. Under optimized conditions, the immunosensor for Talin-1 exhibits a linear range of 5–1000 pg·mL<sup>–1</sup> with a detection limit of 1.25 pg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, while that for Talin-2 shows a linear range of 1–800 pg·mL<sup>–1</sup> with a detection limit of 0.628 pg·mL<sup>–1</sup>. The proposed sensors have been successfully applied to human serum sample detection with satisfactory recoveries, indicating its reliability in complex biological matrices.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of high quantum yield orange carbon dots as multifunctional fluorescence probe in VB12 detection and bio-imaging","authors":"Chunli Li, Linyun Zeng, Ziyi Hong, Wenjia Xie, Tongxi Luo, Jialiang Pan, Xinguo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-026-08361-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-026-08361-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unique orange-emissive carbon dots (O-CDs) are synthesised via a solvothermal method by safranin T and 2,2’-dithiodibenzoic acid in ethanol. O-CDs show a maximum emission peak at 595 nm and a quantum yield of 81.63% when dissolved in dichloromethane. O-CDs are able to be fabricated into fluorescent hydrogels, powders and films exhibiting excellent fluorescence performance. The linear relationship is observed in the concentration range of 0-200 µM with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9973, and the limit of detection is 0.19 µM. Meanwhile, this method is effectively utilized to analyze real food samples, such as egg yolk and milk, with recoveries ranging from 99.21% to 101.8%. Sensing mechanism is found to be the inner filter effect and dynamic quenching. Furthermore, O-CDs exhibit low toxicity and nice biocompatibility, facilitating the applications in bioimaging of B16F10-2 cells as well as zebrafish, and enabling VB12 detection in live cells. Therefore, the novel O-CDs developed present broad application prospects including food safety, biosensing, bioimaging and fluorescent films.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"193 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}