Acta Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Optic nerve head blood flow autoregulation during isometric exercise in primary open-angle glaucoma assessed by laser speckle flowgraphy.","authors":"Theresa Lindner, Viktoria Pai, Patrick Janku, Nikolaus Hommer, Anton Hommer, Liudmyla Petric, Ulrich Graf, Leopold Schmetterer, Gerhard Garhöfer, Doreen Schmidl","doi":"10.1111/aos.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess optic nerve head blood flow (ONHBF) autoregulation in patients with early- to moderate-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and isometric handgrip exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-centre cross-sectional study, 26 patients with early- to moderate-stage POAG and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. ONHBF was measured using LSFG at baseline, during isometric handgrip exercise, and after recovery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded at each measurement time point. The relative change in ONHBF during handgrip (ΔBF) and a recovery index (RI) were calculated. Structural and vascular parameters including retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT), retinal vessel diameters, and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-angiography-derived vessel density were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glaucoma patients exhibited significantly lower RNFLT, ONHBF parameters, central retinal artery and vein equivalents, and selected vessel density parameters compared with controls (all p < 0.05). During isometric exercise, MAP increased similarly in both groups (glaucoma: +16 ± 11%; controls: +15 ± 8%; both p < 0.001 vs. baseline; p = 0.981 between groups). However, ONHBF increased significantly more in glaucoma patients (23 ± 16%) than in controls (6 ± 13%) (p = 0.001, group-by-time interaction). The RI did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.132).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with early- to moderate-stage POAG exhibit an altered ONHBF response to isometric exercise despite a comparable increase in systemic blood pressure, suggesting impaired vascular autoregulatory capacity. LSFG combined with handgrip stimulation provides a feasible approach for assessing vascular regulation in glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04596826.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraluminal stent removal after Paul glaucoma implant surgery: Intraocular pressure reduction and safety outcomes.","authors":"Anne Studsgaard, Iben Bach Damgaard, Niklas Telinius","doi":"10.1111/aos.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the outcomes of intraluminal stent removal from the Paul glaucoma implant (PGI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study of all cases undergoing PGI stent removal from August 2022 to August 2025 at a single Danish tertiary centre. Primary endpoints were intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP-lowering medications. Secondary endpoints were success rates and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 114 consecutive PGI implantations with an intraluminal polypropylene 6-0 stent were performed from March 2022 to December 2024. A total of 88 eyes (77%) underwent stent removal at a mean of 113.5 ± 64.3 days after PGI implantation. Success at 6 months after stent removal, defined as 1) ≥20% IOP reduction with no increase in medications or 2) reduction of ≥1 number of IOP-lowering medications, was met in 77% (68 eyes) of the eyes. Washout of IOP-lowering medications prior to stent removal was performed in 68 eyes with an average IOP before and 1 week after stent removal of 24.5 ± 5.9 mmHg and 14.0 ± 7.4 mmHg, respectively. Clinically hypotony occurred in nine eyes after stent removal; three needed re-stenting. No other complications related to stent removal occurred. Stent removal <2 months after surgery was associated with a sixfold higher risk of clinical hypotony (p = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that stent removal is an effective way to further reduce the IOP in the majority of patients after PGI surgery and that the risk of hypotony is low when removal is avoided in the early postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior scleral thickness in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ida Ny Frederiksen, Osman Savran, Rodrigo Anguita, Lasse J Cehofski, Jay Chhablani, Elon H C van Dijk, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Paolo Forte, Hideki Koizumi, Danson V Muttuvelu, Marie L R Rasmussen, Gregor S Reiter, Özge Yanik, Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1111/aos.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate anterior scleral thickness (AST) as a potential anatomical biomarker for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by synthesizing the evidence on differences in AST between eyes with CSC and healthy controls through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases in January 2026. Observational studies comparing AST measured using optical coherence tomography in eyes with CSC and healthy controls were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMD, Cohen's d). Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies comprising 805 individuals (454 CSC, 351 controls) were included in the qualitative synthesis, seven of which were eligible for meta-analysis. AST was significantly higher in eyes with CSC compared with controls in all quadrants: temporal (SMD 0.57, 95% CI 0.40-0.75), nasal (SMD 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.71), superior (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.04-0.53), and inferior (SMD 0.32, 95% CI 0.08-0.57). Analysis for the temporal quadrant showed low heterogeneity. Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses, and funnel plot assessment did not reveal substantial asymmetry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eyes with CSC exhibited increased AST compared with healthy controls. These findings support a potential role for scleral morphology in CSC pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: An integrative, multi-pathway perspective on pathogenesis and therapy.","authors":"Koen A van Overdam, J Sebag","doi":"10.1111/aos.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains the principal biological cause of failed retinal detachment repair. Classical pathogenic models centred on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dispersion, retinal injury responses or compartment-restricted mechanisms do not fully explain the heterogeneity, biomechanical behaviour and clinical variability of PVR. We propose an integrative framework in which PVR is conceptualised as a biological process arising from the interaction of three interdependent pathways: vitreous scaffolding (residual vitreous cortex and embedded hyalocyte populations); inflammatory conditioning (RPE dispersion with blood-retinal barrier disruption and a profibrotic intraocular milieu); and retinal remodelling (retinal injury responses with glial remodelling and altered biomechanical properties). Within this framework, inflammatory conditioning establishes a permissive profibrotic milieu, retinal remodelling alters tissue compliance and force propagation and vitreous remnant scaffolds at the vitreoretinal interface facilitate spatial organisation of fibrocontractile activity. Although mechanistic evidence supports the contribution of each of the three pathways to PVR pathogenesis, direct prospective validation of their threshold-dependent convergence as a unified construct requires further research. The proposed model, therefore, distinguishes biological plausibility from proven causality and aims to generate testable hypotheses rather than prescriptive conclusions. By integrating inflammatory, retinal and vitreoretinal interface perspectives within a unified conceptual structure, this framework provides a biologically coherent explanation for the spatial distribution, contractility, recurrence patterns and clinical heterogeneity of PVR.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of refraction and strabismus from 2.5 to 12 years in a national cohort of extremely preterm children- the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS).","authors":"D Tsamadou, K Källén, A Hellström, G Holmström, F Pedrosa-Domellöf, U Kjellström, A Al-Hawasi, L Hellström-Westas, T Abrahamsson, M Nilsson, A Ohlin, U Ådén, K Hellgren","doi":"10.1111/aos.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the longitudinal development of refraction and strabismus in a national cohort of children born extremely preterm (EPT) and find relations to perinatal events and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All surviving children born <27-gestation weeks in Sweden during April 2004-March 2007, and full-term born matched controls were invited to participate in the 12-year ophthalmological follow-up of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS). Refractive error after cycloplegia and manifest strabismus were studied in relation to gestational age, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), ROP treatment, cerebral palsy, cognitive disability and visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Refractive error was measured in 309 EPT children and 184 controls, and strabismus was assessed in 332 EPT and 188 controls. In the EPT group, 13.6% (n = 42) had significant myopia, 24.6% (n = 76) had significant hyperopia, and 27.5% (n = 85) had significant astigmatism. The development of spherical refractive error in EPT from 2.5 to 12 years was similar to controls, though the dispersion of values was broader in the EPT group. Myopia was related to ROP treatment; astigmatism was related to ROP treatment and severe IVH. Hyperopia was higher in EPT children without ROP treatment compared to controls. Strabismus was found in 18% (61 of 332) EPT children, 68% had esotropia and 32% exotropia, and was associated with ROP treatment and IVH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EPT birth affects emmetropisation longitudinally, with most EPT children remaining hyperopic, except those treated for ROP. A rising trajectory of strabismus contributes to the complex ophthalmological disabilities challenging children born EPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional growth kinetics of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration with and without fovea-sparing.","authors":"Daniel R Muth, Abinaya P Venkataraman, Alberto Dominguez-Vicent, Goran Petrovski, Pete A Williams, Laurence Quérat, Filippo Locri, Sandrine A Zweifel, Anders Kvanta","doi":"10.1111/aos.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fovea-sparing geographic atrophy (GA) patients retain near-normal central vision. To better understand GA progression in relation to the fovea, we performed a semi-automated image analysis of regional atrophy growth in a long-term GA natural-history cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective-observational, single-centre-study (02/2013-07/2025) at the Division of Eye and Vision, Karolinska Institutet/St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Longitudinal square-root-transformed GA area and distance-growth rates [mm/year] in all retinal quadrants were calculated from fundus autofluorescence images. Eyes were stratified based on best-corrected visual acuity: fovea-sparing (≥65 ETDRS) and fovea-involving (<65 ETDRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>65 eyes (65 patients) presented fovea-sparing and 91 eyes (91 patients) fovea-involving. Median follow-up was 18 months (range: 5-125). The fovea-involving group decreased in BCVA (Wilcoxon, p < 0.001). Total area growth was faster for fovea-sparing than fovea-involving lesions: 0.34 vs. 0.26 (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.0019). The same was true for the superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants (Mann-Whitney U, all p < 0.0472). Fovea-sparing lesions showed slower distance growth towards the fovea than outwards in all quadrants: superior 0.09 vs. 0.21; nasal 0.08 vs. 0.18; inferior 0.06 vs. 0.17; temporal 0.09 vs. 0.20 (Wilcoxon, all p < 0.001). Lesions closer to the fovea (≤500 μm) at baseline showed decreased regional growth towards the fovea. Outwards growth was not related to lesion location.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this longitudinal cohort, fovea-sparing lesions showed faster total and regional growth than fovea-involving lesions, mainly caused by a faster outward expansion component. Location 500 μm or closer to the fovea resulted in slower growth, which supports a foveal self-protecting mechanism. These are relevant findings for patients with fovea-sparing lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and molecular features of PRCD-associated retinopathy.","authors":"Vasil Kostin, Karolina Kaminska, Marco Cattaneo, Enrico Ambrosini, Carmen Ayuso, Almudena Ávila-Fernández, Béatrice Bocquet, Luisa Coutinho-Santos, Benedetto Falsini, Lidia Fernandez-Caballero Palomeque, Bohdan Kousal, Petra Liskova, Inmaculada Martín-Mérida, María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez, Daan Panneman, Susanne Roosing, Isabelle Meunier, José M Millán, Monika Pankievič, Irene Perea-Romero, Virginie Peter, Giorgio Placidi, Cristina Santos, Francesca Simonelli, Ana Berta Sousa, Francesco Testa, Marie Vajter, Marianna Weener, Mathieu Quinodoz, Carlo Rivolta, Giacomo Calzetti","doi":"10.1111/aos.70220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with biallelic disease-causing variants in the PRCD (Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration) gene.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicentre, retrospective cohort study of 19 patients from 13 families across nine reference centres in six countries. Clinical assessments included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), kinetic visual field (VF), optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). BCVA and VF area progression rates were estimated using linear mixed models on log-converted variables. Genetic testing was performed via Sanger sequencing, targeted gene panels, whole-exome sequencing, or whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at symptom onset was 11 years, with nyctalopia as the main initial complaint. Mean age at low vision and legal blindness in the best-seeing eye was 35 and 38 years, respectively. BCVA declined at 0.046 logMAR/year (95% CI: 0.027-0.065; p < 0.001), corresponding to a 10.0% annual loss. VF area (V4e isopter) decreased by 19.4% annually. The time to reach the limit of significant change was <2 years for both BCVA and VF area. FAF showed a gradient from hyperautofluorescent arc in the youngest patient to extensive atrophy in older patients with advanced disease. Five distinct loss-of-function variants were identified, including two nonsense, two splice-site variants, and a whole-gene deletion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biallelic PRCD variants cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, most often manifesting during childhood and showing relatively rapid progression of visual function loss. This information could prove useful for patient counselling and the planning of prospective natural history studies and targeted therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the development of subretinal fluid in the fellow eyes of patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy","authors":"Helena M. A. Feenstra,&nbsp;Tahir Cakar,&nbsp;Joost Brinks,&nbsp;Camiel J. F. Boon,&nbsp;Elon H. C. van Dijk","doi":"10.1111/aos.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the risk of subretinal fluid (SRF) development in the fellow eye of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) patients with unilateral SRF at baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records of 334 presumed cCSC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Multimodal imaging was evaluated, and the available optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were screened for SRF development in the fellow eye during follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 213 confirmed cCSC cases, 74 (35%) had bilateral SRF at baseline. Among 102 patients with unilateral SRF that met all inclusion criteria, 7/102 (7%) developed SRF in the fellow eye over a mean follow-up of 20.4 months. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) alterations in the fellow eye were present at baseline in 7/7 (100%) who developed SRF, compared to 59/95 (62%) in those who did not (<i>p</i> = 0.042). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was higher in the SRF-developing group (482.3 vs. 365.9 μm; <i>p</i> = 0.306), although not significantly. Hyperautofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) at baseline occurred in 6/7 (86%) of the SRF-developing group versus 25/91 (28%) who did not (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The ellipsoid zone was interrupted in 5/7 (71%) of SRF-developing patients versus 28/95 (30%) who did not develop SRF (<i>p</i> = 0.005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The risk of SRF development in the fellow eye of cCSC patients with unilateral SRF is relatively low over a follow-up period of almost 2 years. No statistically significant risk factors were identified after correction for multiple testing; however, certain trends were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"104 6","pages":"666-673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aos.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age distribution and characteristics of choroidal nevi in 35 559 individuals: A nationwide study using optometry fundus photography","authors":"Carsten Faber,&nbsp;Hibba Quhill,&nbsp;Danson Muttuvelu,&nbsp;Jens Folke Kiilgaard","doi":"10.1111/aos.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the age distribution and characteristics of choroidal nevi in a large nationwide sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included all individuals who underwent fundus photography in a nationwide chain of optometry stores during a 5-week period in 2023. Non-mydriatic 45° or 60° digital fundus images were reviewed asynchronously by a subspecialized ocular oncologist. All images with suspected choroidal nevi, defined as a pigmented choroidal lesion of slate blue or green grey colour, were jointly re-examined by two ocular oncologists and subsequently reviewed by a third ocular oncologist for confirmation and detailed characterization. Age, sex and geographic distribution were correlated with demographic data from the predominantly white Danish population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fundus images from 35 559 individuals aged 5–100 years (median, 54 years; interquartile range, 40–56 years) were included, representing 0.60% of the Danish population. Gradable images of both eyes were available in 31 129 participants, and at least one gradable image was available in 33 588 participants. In total, 852 nevi were identified, corresponding to a crude prevalence of 2.54% (95% CI 2.37%–2.71%). Prevalence increased during the first 5 decades of life (0%, 0.74%, 1.40%, 2.23%, 2.87%, 2.94%, 2.88%, 2.53% and 2.51% in individuals aged &lt;10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80 and &gt;80 years, respectively). Median largest basal diameter of nevi was 1.75 mm (interquartile range 1.33–2.30) and was only weakly associated with age (<i>R</i>² &lt; 0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.041). According to the MOLES system, most nevi were classified as common (90.8%) or low-risk (5.28%), with fewer graded as high-risk (2.70%) or probable melanoma (1.17%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of choroidal nevi increased throughout the first 5 decades of life. Most nevi were small and lacked risk factors for malignant transformation. This indicates that the emergence of a choroidal nevus can be expected to occur by the age of 50. If supported by longitudinal studies, these findings could inform risk-based surveillance strategies to optimize resource allocation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"104 6","pages":"e655-e661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aos.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of treated neovascular AMD with disability and mood disorders: A longitudinal nationwide study","authors":"Cécile Delcourt,&nbsp;Emilie Hucteau,&nbsp;Sarra Gattoussi,&nbsp;Karine Pérès,&nbsp;Marie-Noelle Delyfer,&nbsp;Catherine Helmer,&nbsp;Jean-François Korobelnik","doi":"10.1111/aos.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the associations of treated neovascular AMD with the risk of disability, falls, fractures and mood disorders in a large sample representative of the French population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyses were based on 77 582 individuals belonging to the ‘<i>Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires</i>’, a 1/97 random sample of the French population, aged 65 years or more on 1 April 2009 and followed until 31 December 2019. Treated neovascular AMD (nAMD) was identified through the reimbursement of anti-VEGF drugs, intravitreal injections and after exclusion of other pathologies requiring the use of intravitreal anti-VEGFs. Activities of daily living (ADL) disability was identified using a previously developed algorithm, while falls, fractures, head trauma and mood disorders were identified using relevant ICD codes and medications. Associations of nAMD with outcomes were assessed using Cox models with nAMD as a time-dependent variable and adjustment for confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the study period, 1662 cases of incident nAMD were identified. After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index and number of drugs, nAMD was significantly associated with the occurrence of ADL disability (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.30; <i>p</i> = 0.0002) and of mood disorders (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07–1.32; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Associations with falls, fractures and head trauma were not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treated neovascular AMD remains associated with a 19% increased risk of disability and mood disorders, while no association was detected with falls, fractures and head trauma. These results are consistent with a major improvement in functional outcomes, with respect to the pre-anti-VEGF era.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"104 6","pages":"e648-e654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aos.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}