Acta Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Repeatability of keratometry depending on tear film osmolarity.","authors":"David Schneider, Klemens Paul Kaiser, Petra Davidova, Thomas Kohnen, Tyll Jandewerth","doi":"10.1111/aos.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the repeatability of keratometry and astigmatism measurements of patients depending on the tear film osmolarity using three different devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 97 eyes of 97 patients with a mean age of 64.92 ± 12.07 years received three repeated measurements with the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), Pentacam AXL (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and Galilei G6 (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland). After that, tear film osmolarity was obtained with the TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) for quantification of dry eye disease. Four groups were formed depending on tear film osmolarity: group 1 (<300 mOsm/L), group 2 (300-310 mOsm/L), group 3 (311-320 mOsm/L) and group 4 (>320 mOsm/L). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and vector analysis were calculated to assess the repeatability of keratometry and astigmatism measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICC values for keratometry were 0.957 or higher in all osmolarity groups. Highest ICC values for astigmatism were in group 1 with the Pentacam (0.986) and in group 2 (0.979), group 3 (0.951) and group 4 (0.950) with the IOL-Master 700 respectively. Highest astigmatism ICC value for the Galilei G6 was 0.884 in group 4 and the lowest in group 3 (0.405). Vector analysis of astigmatism showed no statistically significant difference between the osmolarity groups and IOL-Master 700 (p = 0.947), Pentacam (p = 0.353) and Galilei G6 (p = 0.660).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tear film osmolarity showed no consistent association with the repeatability of keratometry or astigmatism measurements for the IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam AXL whereas the Galilei G6 demonstrated lower repeatability overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVER 2025 Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aos.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"104 S288","pages":"S4-S237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aos.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vessel oxygen saturation is affected in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.","authors":"Anna Bryndis Einarsdottir, Sveinn Hakon Hardarson, Thomas Lee Torp, Zsolt Illes, Helle Hvilsted Nielsen, Jakob Grauslund","doi":"10.1111/aos.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structural and metabolic changes in the retina may serve as biomarkers in central nervous system disease. Optical coherence tomography studies have shown structural changes in the retina of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to find whether retinal oxygen levels are affected in MS patients and/or eyes with optic neuritis when compared with healthy subjects or unaffected fellow eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels in MS patients and healthy controls. Oxygen saturation of haemoglobin was measured in retinal blood vessels with a spectrophotometric non-invasive retinal oximeter. Twenty-nine patients with MS, of whom 12 had a history of optic neuritis, were examined. Data were compared between the affected and non-affected optic neuritis eyes and 29 healthy individuals in a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was significantly increased in MS patients compared with healthy controls. Arteriolar saturation was 96.2% ± 3.6% in the MS cohort (mean ± SD, n = 29) and 93.8% ± 3.7% (n = 29, p = 0.017) in the healthy cohort. Venular saturation was 64.2% ± 5.0% in the MS cohort (n = 29) and 59.3% ± 6.0% (n = 29, p = 0.001) in the healthy cohort. Oxygen saturation in retinal venules in MS patients was higher in eyes with known optic neuritis (65.1% ± 4.1%; mean ± SD, n = 10) than in unaffected fellow eyes (62.3% ± 6.3%, p = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that retinal oxygen metabolism is affected in MS patients and optic neuritis. Non-invasive retinal oxygen imaging may be an objective biomarker in MS and optic neuritis and useful in the study of its pathophysiology. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prechoroidal cleft in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A narrative review of pathophysiology, clinical implications and prognosis.","authors":"Clara Rizzo, Lorenzo Vannozzi, Marco Lupidi, Maria Cristina Savastano, Enrico Borrelli, Rodolfo Mastropasqua, Fabio Panini, Emanuele Crincoli, Francesco Faraldi, Gianni Virgili, Fabrizio Giansanti, Daniela Bacherini","doi":"10.1111/aos.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prechoroidal cleft (PC) is a hyporeflective space visualized on optical coherence tomography (OCT), typically located within the pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Although its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, proposed mechanisms include fluid accumulation secondary to macular neovascularization (MNV), contractile forces from fibrovascular tissue and chronic structural remodelling of the outer retinal layers. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence regarding the imaging features, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical relevance and prognostic implications of the PC in nAMD. The presence of a PC has been variably associated with MNV activity, poor visual outcomes, increased treatment burden and a higher risk of complications, such as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears and submacular haemorrhage (SMH). However, emerging data suggest that the cleft may regress following sustained anti-VEGF therapy, implying a potential role as a marker of therapeutic response and anatomical improvement. Thus, the PC may serve as a dynamic biomarker of disease activity in nAMD patients. Nevertheless, its precise role in disease progression remains unclear, highlighting the need for further longitudinal and histopathological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional validation of a novel disease-causing variant in the noncoding region of NYX.","authors":"Filip Spanic, Christelle Michiels, Julien Navarro, Aline Antonio, Christel Condroyer, Camille Andrieu, Billy Gipsy, Sylvie Berthémy-Pellet, Mathilde Gallice, Isabelle Audo, Christina Zeitz","doi":"10.1111/aos.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, with ~30% of cases remaining genetically unsolved. Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) is a subtype of IRD, usually associated with reduced visual acuity, nystagmus and high myopia. Most cases are caused by variants in NYX, TRPM1, GRM6, GPR179 or LRIT3. This study aimed to identify the genetic defect in a subject with clinically diagnosed cCSNB lacking coding variants in known associated genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A male patient presented with an electroretinogram profile consistent with cCSNB in the absence of high myopia. Pathogenic variants were not detected using Sanger sequencing of the coding regions of all known CSNB-associated genes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis using SpliceAI, Pangolin, REVEL, CADD v1.7, BayesDel and MetaRNN were performed to detect potential pathogenic variants. Functional impact of this variant has been analysed using LINSIGHT, ReMM and FunUV. A minigene assay was used to assess the splicing impact of the identified variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WGS identified a novel c.-57G>A variant in the 5' untranslated region, within exon 1 of NYX coding for nyctalopin. In silico predictions suggested this variant to alter splicing, which was confirmed by a minigene assay showing abnormal expression of NYX. The defect was predicted to reduce nyctalopin production, potentially explaining the milder cCSNB phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a noncoding variant in NYX causing CSNB but lacking high myopia. These results highlight the clinical importance of screening noncoding regions of known IRD genes in genetically unsolved cases. Whether the development of high myopia in cCSNB depends on the type and location of NYX variants remains to be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-site performance of the telemedicine retinopathy of prematurity severity score (tROP-SS).","authors":"Sarthak V Shah, Arthur R Brant, Cindy Zhao, Edward H Wood, Shannon D Scarboro, Jochen Kumm, Darius M Moshfeghi","doi":"10.1111/aos.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the performance of the telemedicine retinopathy of prematurity severity score (tROP-SS) across all 14 NICUs in the TELEROP cohort against the modified ROP activity score (mROP-ActS).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>The study included 2037 neonates who underwent ROP screening in 14 NICUs via the TELEROP telemedicine network from November 2017 to January 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the robustness of tROP-SS and mROP-Act systems across all exams.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcomes studied were the ability to return a score in cases responding to treatment, correlation between the two scores and the ability to assess disease directionality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analysed 192 704 photos from 11 368 ROP exams on 2037 patients. tROP-SS generated scores for 100% of exams, demonstrating significant improvements over mROP-ActS, which scored only 92.3% of all exams (p = 0.0136). All patients who met treatment criteria received treatment in both eyes. Among high-risk and treatment warranted (TW) patients, 100.0% exams had a valid tROP-SS exam compared with only 72.73% and 45.27% with a valid mROP-ActS. Only 20.9% high-risk or TW patients had a valid mROP-ActS across all their exams. Incremental increases in tROP-SS were more strongly related to worsening of disease: OR (95% CI) - 3.37 (2.51-4.53) versus 1.57 (1.46-1.69), both p < 0.0001. tROP-SS also demonstrated improved granularity and accuracy in categorizing patients that would ultimately require treatment (AUC: 0.991 vs. 0.825).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>tROP-SS was retrospectively evaluated across 14 NICUs, proving to be a more robust scoring system compared to mROP-ActS. The findings support continued use of tROP-SS, supplemented by standard screening protocols to ensure no cases of treatment-warranted ROP are missed. Future research may focus on integrating additional parameters to enhance predictive models to improve early ROP detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oscillatory response of the electroretinogram and neuronal adaptation.","authors":"Lillemor Wachtmeister, Anders Eklund","doi":"10.1111/aos.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aos.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After more than 50 years, there still remains a challenge and an interest to know more as well as extend and deepen our understanding of the small rapid wavelets, the oscillatory potentials (OPs), of the electroretinogram (ERG) and the neuronal adaptation of the retina. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of the rapid oscillatory response and its role in the process of neuronal adaptation in the retina. An effort has been made to enhance our ability and possibility, especially in the clinic, to interpret and use this response. The first section in short presents historic aspects, definitions and understanding of neuronal adaptation and the OPs. The second part deals with different and modern techniques and possibilities to record and measure the OPs, ffERG (full-field ERG), mfERG (multifocal ERG), fmERG (focal macular ERG) and optimal adaptational recording conditions. The third section overviews the current apprehension of the origin(s) of the OPs. The fourth part describes the normal development of the OPs from prematurity to old age. The last section enlightens the importance of the OPs as indicators of disturbed retinal, neuronal adaptive function in different diseases in the retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial length as a risk factor for pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A Danish registry study.","authors":"Ditte-Marie Leegaard Holm, Birgitte Romme Nielsen, Mark Bech Knudsen, Torben Martinussen, Jakob Grauslund, Morten la Cour, Mark Alberti, Therese Grønhøj Krarup","doi":"10.1111/aos.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine axial length as a risk factor for pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (pRRD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified eyes that underwent phacoemulsification between 2 May 2002 and 10 November 2023 and had an axial length registered at the Departments of Ophthalmology in the Capital Region of Denmark or the private clinic Scandinavian Eye Center. The exposure was axial length, and the outcome was time from phacoemulsification to the occurrence of pRRD. The cumulative incidence of pRRD was estimated with the Aalen-Johansen estimator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 129 362 eyes from 75 316 individuals; 601 eyes developed a pRRD. The eyes were distributed in groups based on axial length: <24 mm: 84 226, 24-25 mm: 38 331 and ≥26 mm: 6805. The hazard of pRRD increased with axial length, and this association was most pronounced in males. Compared to female eyes with an axial length of <24 mm (reference), male eyes of ≥26 mm had a higher hazard of pRRD (hazard ratio (HR) 16.3; 11.8-22.5), and likewise for female eyes of ≥26 (HR: 5.2; 3.3-8.1) after adjustment for age and including an interaction between axial length and sex. The 5-year cumulative incidence of pRRD among male eyes of ≥26 mm undergoing phacoemulsification between the ages 40 and 59 was 9.40% (95%CI: 7.10-12.50), and among male eyes aged ≥60 and of ≥26 mm it was 2.00% (95%CI: 1.50-2.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of pRRD increased with axial length, and this association was most pronounced in male eyes. The risk of pRRD was high among male eyes that underwent phacoemulsification between ages 40 and 59.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146199863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Józef Talko (1838-1906): The first practising ophthalmologist in Georgia.","authors":"Gigi Gorgadze, Andrzej Grzybowski, Marine Gurgenidze","doi":"10.1111/aos.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of ophthalmology in Georgia was strongly influenced by physicians who brought European medical education and clinical experience to the region. Among them, Jozef Talko played a significant role in establishing modern ophthalmic practice.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This paper aims to highlight the professional activity and contributions of Jozef Talko as one of the first practicing ophthalmologists and a key figure in the formation of ophthalmology in Georgia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study is based on the analysis of historical medical literature, archival sources, and secondary historical accounts related to the early development of ophthalmology in Georgia and Talko's professional activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Jozef Talko received foreign medical education and subsequently practiced ophthalmology in Georgia from the 1890s onward. He provided specialized eye care, introduced contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and actively contributed to the recognition of ophthalmology as an independent medical discipline. His work laid practical foundations for the training and development of future ophthalmologists.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Talko's activity represents a transition from general medical eye care to structured ophthalmic practice. His role as a practicing clinician helped establish professional standards and increased public and academic awareness of eye diseases and their treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Jozef Talko is a highly respected and acknowledged figure in the history of Georgian ophthalmology. His clinical work and professional influence created a foundation for the further development of the specialty and for future generations of ophthalmologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the development of subretinal fluid in the fellow eyes of patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.","authors":"Helena M A Feenstra, Tahir Cakar, Joost Brinks, Camiel J F Boon, Elon H C van Dijk","doi":"10.1111/aos.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the risk of subretinal fluid (SRF) development in the fellow eye of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) patients with unilateral SRF at baseline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 334 presumed cCSC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Multimodal imaging was evaluated, and the available optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were screened for SRF development in the fellow eye during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 213 confirmed cCSC cases, 74 (35%) had bilateral SRF at baseline. Among 102 patients with unilateral SRF that met all inclusion criteria, 7/102 (7%) developed SRF in the fellow eye over a mean follow-up of 20.4 months. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) alterations in the fellow eye were present at baseline in 7/7 (100%) who developed SRF, compared to 59/95 (62%) in those who did not (p = 0.042). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was higher in the SRF-developing group (482.3 vs. 365.9 μm; p = 0.306), although not significantly. Hyperautofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) at baseline occurred in 6/7 (86%) of the SRF-developing group versus 25/91 (28%) who did not (p = 0.004). The ellipsoid zone was interrupted in 5/7 (71%) of SRF-developing patients versus 28/95 (30%) who did not develop SRF (p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of SRF development in the fellow eye of cCSC patients with unilateral SRF is relatively low over a follow-up period of almost 2 years. No statistically significant risk factors were identified after correction for multiple testing; however, certain trends were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}