Mikael Thomassen Neset, Roy Miodini Nilsen, Kristian Løvås, Kathrine Halsøy, Håkon Reikvam, Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Grethe Åstrøm Ueland, Anette S B Wolff, Hans Christian D Aass, Sjur Reppe, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Eyvind Rødahl, Tor Paaske Utheim, Hans Olav Ueland
{"title":"Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease.","authors":"Mikael Thomassen Neset, Roy Miodini Nilsen, Kristian Løvås, Kathrine Halsøy, Håkon Reikvam, Ann-Elin Meling Stokland, Grethe Åstrøm Ueland, Anette S B Wolff, Hans Christian D Aass, Sjur Reppe, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Eyvind Rødahl, Tor Paaske Utheim, Hans Olav Ueland","doi":"10.1111/aos.17556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine ocular surface changes and inflammatory tear fluid biomarkers in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 106 Graves' disease (GD) patients (36 without TED, 32 with active and 38 with inactive TED) and 106 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects for ophthalmological evaluation, including ocular surface status and Meibomian gland function. Tear fluid was analysed for 40 inflammatory biomarkers by a Luminex multiplex bead assay. The parameters were compared across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GD patients with TED had significantly higher median (min-max) Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score than GD patients without TED, with a median score of 31.4 (0-86.4) compared to 7.3 (0-45.8) (p < 0.01). Eleven of 50 patients with moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening TED had a meibum quality score above seven, compared to none of the 20 patients with mild TED (p = 0.027). Tear fluid levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) were significantly (p = 0.003) higher in GD patients compared to healthy subjects. CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CCL2 were higher in GD patients with TED compared with GD patients without TED (p = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). As a combined biomarker to distinguish between GD patients with and without TED, OSDI score together with tear fluid levels of CCL2 and CD40L produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.80, with sensitivity of 0.69 at a fixed specificity of 0.80.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate increased tear fluid levels of CD40L and CCL2 in patients with TED, indicating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Increased ocular discomfort in patients with TED could be related to impaired meibum quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Brockmann, Bert Müller, Shideh Schönfeld, Sibylle Winterhalter, Oliver Zeitz, Antonia M Joussen
{"title":"Long-term outcome of Coats' disease: Implications for the classification of foveal vascular pathologies.","authors":"Claudia Brockmann, Bert Müller, Shideh Schönfeld, Sibylle Winterhalter, Oliver Zeitz, Antonia M Joussen","doi":"10.1111/aos.17554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the long-term outcome in patients with Coats' disease regarding initial stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within a retrospective, clinical, single centre study, patients with diagnosed Coats' disease treated from 1992 to 2019 (minimum follow-up of 12 months) were investigated. A total of, 75 out of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of, 77 eyes of 75 patients (80.5% male, 17.8 ± 18.6 years, median 10 years) were analysed. Mean follow-up time was 7.2 ± 5.5 years (range 1.1-21.1 years, median 6.3 years). Initial and final visual acuity was lower the higher the disease stage was. The need for surgical interventions was higher in more advanced stages. Notably, within stage 2B, significant differences in final visual acuity were observed depending on the presence of foveal exudation only (0.20 ± 0.29 logMAR) as compared to eyes with foveal vascular abnormalities (1.20 ± 0.55 logMAR, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our analyses, it is suggested to amend the well-defined and established classification system according to Shields by sub-dividing stage 2B (telangiectasia and exudation with foveal exudation) into 2B1 (telangiectasia and exudation with foveal exudation) and 2B2 (telangiectasia and exudation with foveal exudation and foveal Coats' typical vascular abnormalities), since both subgroups significantly differ with respect to prognosis of visual acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocular and vision development during childhood: Insights from a large prospective cohort study in Chinese children.","authors":"Xiaotong Han, Ling Jin, Ian G Morgan, Shuai Chang, Qianyun Chen, Decai Wang, Shiran Zhang, Xiang Chen, Yabin Qu, Weijia Liu, Mingguang He, Yangfa Zeng","doi":"10.1111/aos.17540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To document age-related ocular and visual acuity (VA) development during childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Zengcheng schOOl Myopia Study is a prospective cohort study which recruited four cohorts of children from Guangzhou, China in 2018: first-year kindergarten (N = 1366, 48.32% girls, mean age: 3.68 [0.35] years, range: 2.51-4.50 years), first-year primary school (N = 1461, 44.15% girls, mean age: 6.80 [0.35] years, range: 6.00-7.75 years), fourth-year primary school (N = 2333, 45.86% girls, mean age: 9.55 [0.41] years, range: 8.50-10.84 years) and first-year junior high school (N = 1193, 45.43% girls, mean age: 12.60 [0.40] years, range: 11.15-13.57 years). Cycloplegic autorefraction (KR8800), ocular biometry (IOLMaster 700) and VA (ETDRS chart) measurements were conducted at baseline and annually afterwards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2018 to 2023, 4016 children (mean age: 7.51 [2.73] years, 41.81% girls) remained non-myopic and were included in the analysis. Both uncorrected and best-corrected VA improved rapidly and typically achieved adult level (nearly 20/20) around age 7, with minimal difference in-between. Best-corrected VA of 20/20 was attainable as early as age 4 across a spherical equivalent (SE) range of -0.375 to 4.825 D, indicating VA development largely independent of SE changes. Mean SE showed a gradual myopic shift, from 1.375 D in 3-year-olds to 0.375 D in the 15-year-olds, with notable inflection points at ages 7 (around 1.25 D) and 11 (around 0.75 D). Lens power consistently decreased. Axial length (AL) increased steadily with marked deceleration around age 11. AL increases were significantly associated with height increases (p < 0.001) before age 11 but not afterwards.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed asynchronous development of VA, SE and ocular biometrics. Best-corrected VA develops mainly due to maturation of retinal circuits, even under conditions that lead to marked changes in the development of refractive errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pre-made cefazolin syringes for cataract surgery-A step forward in efficiency and minimising clinical waste.","authors":"Alessandro Costa, John B Clark, David C Sousa","doi":"10.1111/aos.17546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Guldhammer Skov, Morten la Cour, Birgitte Moldow, Lars Holm, Therese Krarup
{"title":"Tolerance to surgically induced anisometropia-A systematic review.","authors":"Anne Guldhammer Skov, Morten la Cour, Birgitte Moldow, Lars Holm, Therese Krarup","doi":"10.1111/aos.17549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgically induced anisometropia is well tolerated by some individuals, while others experience binocular visual complaints. Surgically induced anisometropia is a common treatment for presbyopia and may also intentionally or non-intentionally be the results after surgery for unilateral cataract with ametropia in the fellow eye. Research has shown significant variations in the tolerance of anisometropia. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the correlation between the degree of anisometropia, patient satisfaction and binocular visual complaints. We searched the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane and Web of Science for relevant reported studies. The search was supplemented with ongoing trials from www.clinicaltrials.gov. We searched for the following words: Anisometropia or monovision and satisfaction, aniseikonia, asthenopia, diplopia, headache, dizziness or fatigue. Our inclusion criteria encompassed all original studies, observational studies and randomized clinical trials that reported on clinical symptoms in patients with induced anisometropia. We included studies with induced anisometropia through cataract surgery or refractive surgery. Out of 1701 studies identified, 35 were included (N: 3186 patients): six randomized and 29 non-randomized studies. Six studies compared patients with surgically induced anisometropia to distance corrected emmetropic patients. Follow-up periods ranged from one to 32 months, with patient age from 22 to 96 years. Twenty-two studies reported on surgically induced anisometropia after cataract surgery, 13 after corneal refractive surgery and reported a combined mean anisometropia of 1.57 diopters (D). Overall, patient satisfaction with surgically induced anisometropia was generally high and comparable with emmetropia in four of six comparative studies. Independence from reading glasses was higher in anisometropic patients, while independence from glasses for distance vision was higher in emmetropic patients. Asthenopia was generally reported by few patients, and when it was reported, it was generally mild. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 studies involving 3186 patients suggests that surgically induced anisometropia just below 1 D is a viable approach to achieving high patient satisfaction with high degree of independence from reading glasses and minimal asthenopia. The majority of studies report high patient satisfaction and minimal incidence of asthenopia with no significant difference between anisometropic patients and distance-corrected emmetropic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of anti-VEGF therapy versus laser therapy on mortality and treatment outcomes in retinopathy of prematurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wei-De Wang, Ya-Hsin Yao, Chiao-Hsin Lan, Shih-Heng Hung, Ta-Hsin Tsung, Yann-Guang Chen, Da-Wen Lu, Jiann-Torng Chen, Ke-Hung Chien, Shu-I Pao, Wei-Ting Yen","doi":"10.1111/aos.17541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness, and selecting the optimal treatment between anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and laser therapy is crucial. Understanding their impact on key outcomes, particularly mortality, is essential for informed clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search identified published studies comparing anti-VEGF and laser therapy for ROP up to December 31, 2024. Primary outcomes included mortality, retinal detachment, surgical interventions, myopia and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and ROBINS-I. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model, with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024585336).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 58 observational studies, covering 10 516 infants, were included. Anti-VEGF therapy was associated with a higher mortality risk than laser therapy (RR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.23-2.30), primarily in observational studies (1.85; 1.32-2.60), while RCTs showed no significant difference (1.02; 0.46-2.26). Anti-VEGF therapy was linked to lower risks of retinal detachment (0.36; 0.27-0.50), fewer surgical interventions (0.38; 0.22-0.65), and a lower risk of myopia (0.67; 0.54-0.82). No significant differences were found in neurodevelopmental outcomes (1.05; 0.96-1.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anti-VEGF therapy offers benefits over laser treatment, including reduced retinal detachment, fewer surgeries and lower myopia risk, with no observed increase in mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment. Future large-scale RCTs are needed to clarify mortality risks while minimising the impact of confounding factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to subthreshold micropulse laser treatment in the prophylaxis of diabetic macular oedema: A preliminary study.","authors":"Barbara Sabal, Edward Wylęgała, Sławomir Teper","doi":"10.1111/aos.17548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the use of subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) in the prevention and management of mild diabetic macular oedema (DME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomised and sham-controlled study included 159 eyes (123 patients) with diabetic retinopathy, central retinal thickness (CRT) ≤ 325 μm, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 80 ETDRS letters. The participants were assigned to either SMPL treatment (n = 103) or sham therapy (n = 56). Ophthalmic evaluations were performed at baseline (T1), 3 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) to assess BCVA and optical coherent tomography (OCT) parameters, including CRT, macular thickness (MT), macular volume (MV), and hyperreflective spots (HRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the SMPL group, BCVA improved after 3 months (T2 > T1; p = 0.002); MT decreased after 12 months (T2, T1 > T3; p < 0.001); MV decreased after 12 months (T2, T1 > T3; p < 0.001); HRS count decreased after 3 and 12 months (T1 > T2, T3, p < 0.001). The decrease in CRT after 3 months was greater in the SMPL group (p = 0.003). The need for rescue therapy was lower in the SMPL group (9.7% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.007). BCVA, CRT, MV, MT and HRS remained stable in the sham group, while microaneurysms count was stable in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SMPL is safe and effective for the prophylaxis of mild DME, as it reduces MT and MV while keeping BCVA stable. The decreased need for rescue anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy suggests that it may delay or reduce intravitreal injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petri Huhtinen, Anna-Maria Kubin, Laura Piila, Nina Hautala
{"title":"Performance and accuracy of 10 AI-based algorithms in diabetic retinopathy screening in a real-world clinical setting.","authors":"Petri Huhtinen, Anna-Maria Kubin, Laura Piila, Nina Hautala","doi":"10.1111/aos.17542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa-Maria Weissenbacher, Raffael Schmidt, Pia V Vécsei-Marlovits, Birgit Weingessel
{"title":"Comparative treatment burden of intravitreal injection versus visit frequency in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Lisa-Maria Weissenbacher, Raffael Schmidt, Pia V Vécsei-Marlovits, Birgit Weingessel","doi":"10.1111/aos.17538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan-Lin Li, Jian-Hua Liu, Shi-Yi Gong, Jun-Li Xu, Carla Lanca, Andrzej Grzybowski, Xiao-Feng Zhang, Chen-Wei Pan
{"title":"The role of correlated colour temperature in myopia development and prevention.","authors":"Dan-Lin Li, Jian-Hua Liu, Shi-Yi Gong, Jun-Li Xu, Carla Lanca, Andrzej Grzybowski, Xiao-Feng Zhang, Chen-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1111/aos.17539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying a balanced light environment that supports healthy ocular development is important. Correlated colour temperature (CCT, measured in Kelvin, K) of light sources, based on human visual perception, is believed to be associated with myopia, but its impact and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to review the literature and elucidate the potential relationship and biological mechanisms linking CCT and myopia. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase, Wiley and Cochrane databases. Studies published from January 2000 to December 2024 that have explored the connection between CCT and myopia were included. PRISMA was used for data validity. A total of 10 articles were included in this review, comprising seven experimental studies and three population-based studies. The impact of CCT on myopia was inconsistent in different animal models. Human studies suggest high CCT artificial lighting environments may be associated with a higher progression of myopia. However, the effects of confounding factors may influence the results, and the number of relevant publications is limited. Although relatively lower CCT may have a protective effect against myopia, its influence is often confounded by spectral composition, making it difficult to isolate the specific role of CCT. Lower CCT light may have a protective effect against myopia, though this is not universal and further depends on wavelength, illuminance and exposure duration. Further research is needed to determine whether changes in CCT can help prevent and control myopia in humans, especially in combination with other myopia control treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}