Acta Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Conditioned media from dental pulp stem cells to counteract the age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Darin Zerti,&nbsp;Giulia Carozza,&nbsp;Fanny Pulcini,&nbsp;Loreto Lancia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Mattei,&nbsp;Simona Delle Monache,&nbsp;Rita Maccarone","doi":"10.1111/aos.16936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. To date, there are no effective therapies to counteract the AMD towards the most severe stages characterized by a progressive loss of photoreceptors triggered by retinal pigmented epithelium dysfunction. Given their easily source and their high proliferative potential, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) showed promise for regenerative medicine. The main advantage of DPSCs is related to their immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory abilities, including the capability to promote regeneration of damaged tissues. It is well known the therapeutic potential of DPSCs secretome (conditioned media, CM), including trophic factors and cytokines, as a treatment of neurogenerative diseases. We evaluated the capability of DPSCs-CM cultured in hypoxia and normoxic conditions to counteract retinal degeneration in an animal model of AMD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> DPSCs-CM were intravitreally injected the day before the exposure of albino rats to high intensity light (LD). We evaluated the retinal function, and we performed morphological and molecular analysis a week after the LD, in accordance with the well-established protocol of our light damage model.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> DPSCs-CM obtained from hypoxia or normoxia, were able to preserve the retinal function, to reduce microglial activation and their migration toward outer nuclear layer (ONL). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the treatment with normoxic DPSCs-CM limited the hot spot extension and preserved the ONL thickness better than the hypoxic DPSCs-CM. The different concentrations of growth factors and cytokines detected in both CM played a key role in the understanding of the greatest protective effect of the normoxic-CM compared to hypoxic-CM.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, our study demonstrated that normoxic DPSCs-CM represents an eligible candidate to counteract retinal degeneration and, therefore, a promising therapeutic agent for AMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthokeratology and myopia control: A comprehensive meta-analysis of axial growth in children and adolescents","authors":"António Queirós,&nbsp;Inês Mota-Silva,&nbsp;Ana Filipa Pereira-da-Mota","doi":"10.1111/aos.17279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect on axial eye length in myopic children and adolescents treated with orthokeratology (OK) lenses compared to spectacles (GL), through a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies investigated the effects of longitudinal axial length difference, using the keyword “Axial Length” AND “orthokeratology” AND “spectacles”. From the initial 91 studies, we excluded 13 review studies, 10 meta-analysis studies, 7 systematic reviews and 37 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the 24 selected studies, detailed information was available at 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 and 1 month, with 10, 8, 19, 17, 2 and 3 studies respectively, allowing for the comparison between 2172 eyes treated with orthokeratology and 2095 eyes with glasses.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> The analysis of the 24 studies (which included 59 comparisons from 1 month to 24 months) showed no statistically significant differences in initial axial length [AL(GL) = 24.39 ± 0.34 mm; AL(OK) = 24.44 ± 0.38 mm] and initial refractive error [M(GL) = -2.59 ± 0.70 D; M(OK) = -2.53 ± 0.44 D] between the two treatment groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.565, independent samples t-test) and for the evolution time intervals (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.591, ANOVA). This analysis encompassed 4267 eyes with a mean age of 10.23 ± 1.21 years. Forest plot provided in an overall effect size of myopic defocus AL = -0.16 com IC 95% -0.19 a -0.14, <i>Z</i> = 12.71 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. A random effects model was used considering the heterogeneity observed (<i>I</i>² = 97%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, df = 58). There was a greater myopia control effect at 24 months (AL = -0.26, 95% IC -0.29 to -0.22, <i>Z</i> = 13.71 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 0%; <i>p</i> = 0.95) than to treatments of less than 3 months (AL = -0.04, 95% IC -0.06 to -0.01, <i>Z</i> = 2.60 <i>p</i> = &lt; 0.009; <i>I</i>² = 86%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> While the treatment at 24 months shows an homogeneous behaviour among studies, shorter follow-up times renders a larger heterogeneity and for that reason, longer follow-up periods should be preferred to estimate a more solid effect size. Orthokeratology treatment has been shown to be effective in myopia control progression for short or longer longitudinal treatments in children and young people with spectacles comparison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic polymorphisms and uveitis","authors":"Stéphane Abramowicz","doi":"10.1111/aos.16886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16886","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Uveitis is a multifactorial disease, originating from the interplay between our genes, the environment and stochastic factors.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; In contrast, only a handful of exceptional uveitic entities are monogenic.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To understand the immunogenetics of uveitis, one must understand the concept of multifactorial disease. These diseases are characterized by multigenic involvement, with any one variant allele being neither necessary nor sufficient for disease initiation. Rather, it is the combination of multiple variants in multiple genes, which all increase the susceptibility of an individual to develop a particular disease. The second concept is that of the environmental trigger, such as an infection or exposure to a drug, which triggers the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Stochastic factors may also play a role in disease genesis.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the context of uveitis, genetic polymorphisms in genes of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC), such as &lt;i&gt;HLA-A&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;HLA-B&lt;/i&gt;, are associated with common non-infectious uveitides (NIU) like HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (AAU), Behçet's disease, and Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC).&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Specifically, HLA-B27 carrier frequency in the Caucasian US population is around 7%, while it is present in approximately 50% of patients who develop AAU, and 90% of patients who develop ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This represents a relative risk (RR) for carriers of HLA-B27 of around 8 for developing AAU,&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; and around 50 to 100 for developing AS.&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;HLA-B51 carrier frequency in populations along the Silk Road is around 10-30%,&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; compared to 50-80% in Behçet's disease patients, conferring a RR of 5-10 to develop the disease.&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The third major HLA polymorphism associated with uveitis is HLA-A29, whose carrier frequency in the Western European population is reported to be 5-10%,&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt; compared to the 97.5% in BRC patients,&lt;sup&gt;3,9&lt;/sup&gt; conferring an astronomically high RR of 50-224 for developing BRC in carriers of HLA-A29 versus non-carriers.&lt;sup&gt;4,9&lt;/sup&gt; BRC is actually the immunological disease with the strongest HLA association ever described.&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Some weaker HLA associations have been reported with other NIU entities, such as HLA-DR4/&lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*04&lt;/i&gt; with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease,&lt;sup&gt;10,11&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*04:05&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HLA-DQB1*04:01&lt;/i&gt;, and the &lt;i&gt;DRB1*04:05-DQB1*04:01&lt;/i&gt; haplotype with sympathetic ophthalmia,&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; or &lt;i&gt;HLA-DRB1*15:01&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;IL2-RA&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphism rs2104286 A&gt;G with multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis.&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In addition to HLA typing and polymorphisms, there has been m","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of intravitreal antitNF-ALFA for neuroinflammation control and neuroprotection in experimental rabbit glaucoma model","authors":"Okyanus Bulut Tarlabolen,&nbsp;Mine Esen Baris,&nbsp;Emrah Soylu,&nbsp;Banu Yaman,&nbsp;Timur Kose,&nbsp;Suzan Guvenyilmaz","doi":"10.1111/aos.17102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The aim of the study is to create a microbead induced ocular hypertension (OHT) model in rabbits, and to evaluate the effects of intravitreal and intraperitoneal injections of Adalimumab (ADA) on the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> 15 rabbits of mixed strain (9–12 months old, 3.5-4kg) were randomized into 4 groups. OHT was induced with microbead injection into the anterior chamber of right eyes. On 7th, 14th days of OHT, ADA was injected at one of two concentrations (2.5mg group 1: G1/5mg group 2:G2) into right eyes of two groups, intraperitoneally 5mg/kg into the third group (G3), and balanced salt solution into fourth group (sham). The left eyes were used as controls. At 40^th day, the rabbits were euthanized. Retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) histology was studied with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> OHT was induced with microbeads in 13 eyes. 2 rabbits were excluded (endophthalmitis, total hyphema). The average pre-OHT IOP from all eyes 9.7±09mmHg (8-11). Statistically significant IOP increase was observed in all subject eyes on day 7 (14±1.4 (12-18)) (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and maintained until ADA injection (day 21). RGCs in the eyes with elevated IOP were 7.2±1.2 and 7.6±1.5, 6.3+1.1 cells in ADA treated groups, G1, G2, G3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. The average RNFL was 125.9±10.9 μm in control, 60.2±9.4 μm in G1, 45.7±2.9 μm in G2, 22.8±2.9 μm in G3, 21.7±10 μm in sham. Significant elevation was observed in G1 compared to all treatment groups. (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The average GCC of control was 45.5±1.9 μm, G1 41.2±2.2 μm, G2 39.3±3.3 μm, G3 34.1±1.6 μm, sham was 38.3±1.1 μm. Significant increase was observed in G1 compared to G3. (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> OHT triggers inflammatory response in which TNF-α expression is increased around the ONH. Blocking TNF-α might prevent axonal degeneration and RGC loss by inhibiting this response. These findings may further contribute to the literature for a new treatment strategy for glaucoma using TNF-α antagonists or inflammation suppressors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The debate – when and how should i use idebenone for LHON?","authors":"Marcela Votruba","doi":"10.1111/aos.16902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16902","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The International Consensus Statement on the Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy was published in 2017 based on data available in 2016. The intent was to provide expert consensus statements for the clinical and therapeutic management of LHON based on the currently available evidence. It provided the guidelines for clinical and therapeutic management of LHON. It established a number of benchmarks such as clinical staging of LHION into Asymptomatic (mutation carriers), Subacute (&lt;6 months from onset), Dynamic (6–12 months) and Chronic (&gt;12 months) stages. We can all agree on the criteria for the diagnosis of LHON, based on a careful history, evaluation of key structural and functional visual parameters, and on a molecular confirmation of a pathogenic mtDNA mutation. On management it is clearly highly important to include genetic counselling and informing the patient about potentially preventable lifestyle risk factors. The use of idebenone is more debated and much has changed. Further studies and case series have been published and issues around when to start, how long to treat for and whether to treat chronic patients have all emerged. In this debate we shall raise a number of these issues and provide a reflection of the available data, their validity and clinical relevance and debate next steps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel artificial intelligence-based classification of highly myopic eyes based on visual function and fundus features","authors":"Jiaqi Meng,&nbsp;Yunxiao Song,&nbsp;Wenwen He,&nbsp;Zhong-Lin Lu,&nbsp;Yuxi Chen,&nbsp;Ling Wei,&nbsp;Keke Zhang,&nbsp;Jiao Qi,&nbsp;Yu Du,&nbsp;Yi Lu,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1111/aos.17026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> To develop a novel classification of highly myopic eyes using artificial intelligence (AI) and investigate its relationship with contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and fundus features.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> 616 highly myopic eyes of 616 patients were enrolled. CSF was measured using the quantitative CSF method. Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) was graded according to the International META-PM Classification. Thickness of the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) were assessed by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography, respectively. Classification was performed by combining CSF and fundus features with principal component analysis and k-means clustering.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> With 83.35% total variance explained, highly myopic eyes were classified into 4 categories. The percentages of categories 1 to 4 were 14.9%, 37.5%, 36.2%, and 11.4%, respectively. CSF of the eyes in category 1 were the highest, followed by those in category 2 and then category 3, while the lowest was seen in category 4. Compared to those in category 1, eyes in category 2 presented higher percentage of MMD2 and thinner temporal p-RNFL. Eyes in categories 3 and 4 presented significantly higher percentage of MMD≥3, thinner nasal macular thickness and p-RNFL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Multivariate regression showed category 4 had higher MMD grades, thinner macular and p-RNFL thickness compared to category 3.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> We proposed an AI-based classification of highly myopic eyes by integrating features from both visual function and fundus. It might be an important tool to comprehensively evaluate highly myopic eyes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbial dysbiosis in age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Joëlle Vergroesen,&nbsp;Jeroen Vermeulen,&nbsp;Eric Thee,&nbsp;Bart Liefers,&nbsp;Caroline Klaver","doi":"10.1111/aos.17039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Purpose:</b> The gut microbiome is highly influential in diseases with inflammatory components. Multiple studies showed a link between the gut microbiome and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, no consistent taxa have been reported.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We included 1372 participants from the Rotterdam Study (RS). AMD features (e.g. [reticular pseudo-]drusen, retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, and hyperpigmentation) were graded by human graders on color fundus photographs. Next, areas of these features were automatically quantified by a deep learning segmentation model. Stages were determined according to the RS classification (preliminary = 239, early-intermediate = 75, late = 6). Propensity score matching was performed on age, sex and BMI. Multivariable associations with taxonomic and functional profiles were assessed using zero-adjusted models (MaAsLin2; Compound Poisson). <i>p</i>-values were false discovery rate-adjusted (q-values). Taxa associated (q &lt; 0.25) with at least two out of seven AMD(-related) outcomes are reported.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> We observed no associations with alpha- or beta-diversity. Nineteen taxa were associated with AMD, of which 7 persisted after additional adjustment for dietary data. Eubacterium xylanophilum group, Lachnoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter splanchnicus and Parabacteroides distasonis were associated with an AMD phenotype. Parabacteroides and Akkermansia were inversely associated with an AMD phenotype. Moreover, 46 MetaCyc pathways were associated with AMD, of which 15 persisted after additional adjustment for dietary data. GLUCARDEG.PWY, PWY.5028, PWY.5347, PWY.5415, PWY.5532, PWY.5971, PWY.6969 and TCA were associated with an AMD phenotype. FOLSYN.PWY, LEU.DEG2.PWY, PANTO.PWY, PANTOSYN.PWY, PWY.6612, PWY0.1586 and PYRIDNUCSYN.PWY were inversely associated with an AMD phenotype.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Several gut microbiota were associated with an AMD phenotype. AMD pathophysiology might be linked to changes in gut-related metabolic pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles from retinal pigment epithelium: Key players in the outer blood-retinal barrier disruption and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Beatriz Martins,&nbsp;Teresa Rodrigues,&nbsp;Raquel Boia,&nbsp;José Ramalho,&nbsp;António Francisco Ambrósio,&nbsp;Henrique Girão,&nbsp;Rosa Fernandes","doi":"10.1111/aos.16937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16937","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative disease causing irreversible central vision loss in the elderly, is characterized by dysregulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). During AMD, stressed RPE releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive cargo, potentially disrupting the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) and accelerating AMD progression. Mechanisms behind EV-induced oBRB disruption and their role in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are unclear. Our study aims to assess how RPE-derived EVs under inflammatory conditions impact oBRB integrity and CNV in AMD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We used highly polarized primary cultures of porcine RPE (pRPE), porcine eyecups with the RPE exposed, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RPE and HUVEC cells were treated with TNF, LPS, or EVs derived from inflamed RPE cells. Additionally, Balb/c mice were intravitreally injected with RPE-derived EVs.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Treatment with TNF or LPS reduced the transepithelial resistance (TER) of pRPE cells monolayer and disrupted the tight junction complexes. Although inflammatory stimuli reduced EVs release from the apical membrane of RPE cells, increased CD63 levels and MMPs levels and activity were found in EVs. Moreover, these EVs led to the disruption of the RPE monolayer. In the Matrigel assay of HUVEC, angiogenesis was induced by both TNF and LPS, and by RPE-derived EVs isolated after the LPS stimulus. At seven days following intravitreal injection, EVs induced outer retinal structural changes in the Balb/c mice.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our study indicates that EVs released from RPE cells following an inflammatory insult contribute to the oBRB disruption and induce neovascularization, indicating that EVs may play a key role in the onset and progression of AMD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Support:</b> GOAP, Bayer; FCT, Portugal: 2020.04811.BD (to BM), PEst UIDB/04539/Base/2020 and UIDP/04539/Programatico/2020 through POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008: BRAINHEALTH2020</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.16937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective measurement of accommodation in patients with an accommodating intraocular lens compared to phakic, presbyopic, and pseudophakic eyes","authors":"Timo Eppig,&nbsp;Manuel Seer,&nbsp;Violetta Müller,&nbsp;Saskia Schütz,&nbsp;Michiel Rombach,&nbsp;Willem van Lawick","doi":"10.1111/aos.17278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The restoration of accommodation after cataract surgery remains to be one of the biggest challenges in ophthalmology. Numerous concepts for restoration of accommodation have failed due to a lack of objective accommodation measurement. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the dynamic pseudophakic accommodation in patients with an accommodative AIOL by means of an objective accommodation measurement and to compare the data with a young phakic, a presbyopic and a monofocal pseudophakic person.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We included 3 patients in the study who had a Lumina AIOL implanted in both eyes. All patients had completed at least the 6 month follow-up. In addition, we included both eyes of 3 comparative persons with different status of the lens (phakic, presbyopic and pseudophakic). We used a binocular open-field videorefractor (PowerRef 3, Plusoptix GmbH, Germany) to measure the change of refraction, pupil diameter and ocular convergence while patients were asked to focus on an ETDRS chart. The ETDRS chart was then continuously moved from 6m distance to 33 cm distance while the patients were asked to focus on a single letter. The resulting curves were then compared to demonstrate the objective change in refraction.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> The data exhibit a continuous change of binocular refraction which follows the pupil constriction and decrease of pupil distance (convergence) in the young phakic person and the AIOL patients. The maximum accommodative change was up to 2.5 D in the AIOL patients and up to 3 D in the young phakic person for a stimulus distance of 33 cm. The presbyopic patient and the monofocal pseudophakic patient showed pupil constriction and convergence but the accommodative range was less pronounced with a maximum change of 1 D.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The PowerRef 3 allows for an objective proof of pseudophakic accommodation in patients with an AIOL. AIOL eyes show defined change of refractive power that can be maintained constant for the time of fixation to a near target compared to presbyopic and monofocal pseudophakic eyes that show only little modulation, which can be attributed to pseudo-accommodative effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated corneal intraepithelial neoplasia: An unheard variety","authors":"Luis Maria Carles-Cerban,&nbsp;Maria Noelia Moraña-Borrageiros,&nbsp;Andrea Alvarez-Novoa-Rodriguez-Cadarso,&nbsp;Roberto Alvarez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Victoria De-Rojas-Silva","doi":"10.1111/aos.17336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.17336","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Aims/Purpose:</b> The purpose of this clinical case is to present the symptoms, as well as biomicroscopical, tomographical and histological findings of the isolated corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, a very rare variety of ocular surface squamous neoplasia.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with foreign body sensation in her right eye for four months. The cornea presented, apart from crocodile shagreen, a white patch in the temporal-inferior quadrant, separate from the limbus. This lesion showed punctate staining and contained a thin line of normal aspect. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed hyperreflective and thickened epithelium with sudden transition to normal cornea.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On suspicion of corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, excisional biopsy was indicated, with Shields's non-touch technique, 2 mm surgical margins and absolute-alcohol application on the limbus.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Furthermore, a review of the past 25 years literature has been performed, using the following key words: <i>corneal intraepithelial neoplasia</i>; <i>ocular surface squamous neoplasia</i>.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> The histological result showed a corneal intraepithelial neoplasia with non-assessable margins. One week after surgery, the defect had already been replaced by normal epithelium, and we added two cycles of co-adjuvant topical mitomycin C (0.04%). Two years after surgery, the patient is asymptomatic and with no signs of recurrence.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regarding the review, only 10 cases of isolated corneal intraepithelial neoplasia have been described in the past 25 years. No references of crocodile shagreen concurrence have been found, whereas there is some consensus of surgery as main treatment and OCT as useful diagnostic tool.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Isolated corneal intraepithelial neoplasia should always be included in differential diagnosis when it comes to a thickened and atypical lesion in the cornea. In this context, OCT can be useful, whereas final diagnosis and treatment should include excisional biopsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":6915,"journal":{"name":"Acta Ophthalmologica","volume":"103 S284","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aos.17336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}