Marine Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Differentially Expressed Genes and Alternative Splicing Analysis Revealed the Difference in Virulence to American Eels (Anguilla rostrata) Infected by Edwardsiella anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Peng Lin,&nbsp;Zihao Chen,&nbsp;Guanghua Sun,&nbsp;Songlin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10378-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10378-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Edwardsiella anguillarum</i> and <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> are two common bacterial pathogens affecting cultivated eels, and the differences in their virulence remain unclear. In this study, after two groups of American eels (<i>Anguilla rostrata</i>) were administered the LD₅₀ dose of <i>E. anguillarum</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i>, respectively, the histopathology of the liver, trunk kidney, and spleen, as well as transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the spleen, was examined at three time points: pre-infection (Con group) and post-infection at 36 h (Ea_36 group, Ah_36 group) and 60 h (Ea_60 group, Ah_60 group). The results showed that the differences in pathological changes were characterized by severe hepatocyte edema at 36 h post-infection (hpi) and hepatocyte atrophy at 60 hpi in the livers of eels infected by <i>A. hydrophila</i>, in contrast to the severe atrophy of glomeruli in the trunk kidneys and numerous bacterial nodules in the spleens of eels infected by <i>E. anguillarum</i>. The RNA-seq results revealed 906 and 77 typical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in eels infected with <i>E. anguillarum</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i>, respectively, compared to the control eels. The DEGs between the infected and control groups were predominantly annotated in GO terms related to binding, catalytic activity, membrane part, cell part, and cellular process, as well as in KEGG pathways associated with human diseases and organismal systems. The GO enrichment analysis showed 83 and 146 differential GO terms, along with 32 and 78 differential KEGG pathways in two comparisons of Ea_36 vs Con versus Ah_36 vs Con and Ea_60 vs Con versus Ah_60 vs Con, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of differential alternative splicing genes (DASs) showed 1244 and 1341 DASs out of 12,907 and 12,833 AS genes, respectively, in the comparisons of Ea_36 vs Ah_36 and Ea_60 vs Ah_60. These DASs were enriched in two common KEGG pathways: “NOD-like receptor signaling pathway” and “necroptosis” which shared 11 hub DASs. Finally, analysis of protein–protein interactions revealed that 91 of 412 cross DASs between Ea_36 vs Ah_36 and Ea_60 vs Ah_60 potentially play an essential role in the difference in virulence of <i>E. anguillarum</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i> in American eels, with 12 encoded proteins being particularly notable. Together, this study is the first to report a comparative pathogenicity and RNA-seq analysis of <i>E. anguillarum</i> and <i>A. hydrophila</i> in American eels, shedding new light on our understanding of the differences in virulence as revealed by pathological changes, DEGs, and DASs, contributing to more effective control strategies to prevent outbreaks of bacterial infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Mechanism and Potential of Corbicula fluminea (Asian Clam) in Removing Copper and Cadmium from Aquaculture Ponds","authors":"Jiahua Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Zhaojun Gu,&nbsp;Xingguo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10389-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10389-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The issue of heavy metal pollution in aquaculture ponds is becoming increasingly severe, posing a significant threat to the healthy development of the aquaculture industry. Heavy metals such as cadmium and copper accumulate in ponds, not only exerting toxic effects on aquatic organisms and affecting their growth and reproduction but also endangering human health through the food chain. Bioremediation, as a green and environmentally friendly technology, utilizes specific organisms to absorb, transform, and immobilize heavy metals. We examined metal accumulation, traditional metal-related biomarkers, alongside transcriptomic and tissue histological analyses, in the hepatopancreas of <i>Corbicula fluminea</i> following a 14-day exposure to copper (20 µg/L), cadmium (20 µg/L), or combined copper-cadmium treatments (20 µg/L Cu and 20 µg/L Cd). Metal exposure led to notable metal accumulation in the clam’s hepatopancreas. Analysis of traditional biomarkers revealed signs of cellular injury and oxidative stress in clams post-metal exposure. Transcriptomic analysis across the three treatment groups revealed disruptions in immune response, response to metal ion, and energy metabolism, characterized by differential expression levels of key genes such as <i>ABCA3</i>, <i>MYD88</i>, <i>TOLLIP</i>, <i>TBK1</i>, <i>C2</i>, <i>C4</i>, <i>c-Myc</i>, <i>SYK</i>, and <i>SAMHD1</i>. These findings deepen our understanding of the adverse effects of metal exposure on freshwater organisms and evaluate the potential of <i>Corbicula fluminea</i> for removing heavy metals from aquaculture ponds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic Temperature Influences the Mucosal Responses of Atlantic Salmon Alevins to a Bacterial Challenge","authors":"Muhammad Salman Malik,&nbsp;Alexander Rebl,&nbsp;Erik Burgerhout,&nbsp;Carlo C. Lazado","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10386-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10386-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work investigated the effects of embryonic temperature on the responses of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) alevins to a bacterial challenge using <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> as a model pathogen. Embryos were reared at 4 °C, 6 °C, and 8 °C from fertilization to the eyed-egg stage. Alevins, before the start of feeding, were challenged with the pathogen, and mortality and early immune responses in mucosal organs were assessed. Fish from the 4 °C and 6 °C groups exhibited higher survival probabilities than those from the 8 °C group 72 h post-infection. Mild histopathological changes were observed in the gills and skin across all temperature groups, with bacterial antigen detected in the secondary lamellae of gills and in the skin epithelial and basal layers. Gene expression profiling revealed slightly distinct immune gene expression patterns in low-temperature groups (4 °C and 6 °C) compared to the 8 °C group. <i>Gelsolin</i> (<i>gsn</i>) expression increased in the skin across all temperature groups at 72 h post-infection. <i>Claudin</i> (<i>cldn4</i>) and <i>collagen</i> (<i>col1a</i>) were only upregulated in the skin of the 4 °C group, while <i>heat shock protein 70</i> (<i>hspa1a</i>) was downregulated in the gills of infected fish at 72 h compared to controls. <i>Toll-like receptor 13</i> (<i>tlr13</i>) expression increased in infected fish at 24 h compared to controls. In the 6 °C and 8 °C groups, <i>gsn</i> expression also increased at 72 h post-infection. <i>Cldn4</i> expression increased only in the gills of 8 °C infected fish. This study revealed that low embryonic temperature could influence survival and mucosal immune defences following a bacterial challenge in Atlantic salmon alevins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-024-10386-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Dynamics of Gene Expression in Liver Tissue of Spotted Sea Bass Under Acute Thermal Stress","authors":"Pengyu Li,&nbsp;Yalong Sun,&nbsp;Haishen Wen,&nbsp;Xin Qi,&nbsp;Yonghang Zhang,&nbsp;Donglei Sun,&nbsp;Cong Liu,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10375-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10375-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>), a eurythermal species, exhibits strong adaptability to temperature variations and presents an ideal model for studying heat stress-responsive mechanisms in fish. This study examined the liver transcriptome of spotted sea bass over a 24-h period following exposure to elevated temperatures, rising from 25 to 32 °C. The results revealed significant alterations in gene expression in response to this thermal stress. Specifically, we identified 1702, 1199, 3128, and 2636 differentially expressed genes at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-stress, respectively. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify specific gene modules responsive to heat stress, containing hub genes such as <i>aco2</i>, <i>eci2</i>, <i>h6pd</i>, <i>suclg1</i>, <i>fgg</i>, <i>fga</i>, <i>fgb</i>, <i>f2</i>, and <i>apoba</i>, which play central roles in the heat stress response. Enrichment analyses via KEGG and GSEA indicated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are predominantly involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, while downregulated genes are primarily associated with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. Additionally, 272 genes exhibited differential alternative splicing, primarily through exon skipping, underscoring the complexity of transcriptomic adaptations. These findings provide deeper insights into the molecular responses to thermal stress and are crucial for advancing the breeding of heat-resistant strains of spotted sea bass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1336 - 1349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Survey and Antifungal Efficacy of Sargassum muticum’s Alkaloids and Phenolic-Rich Fraction Against Airborne Toxigenic and Nosocomial Opportunistic Molds Isolates","authors":"Houda Younssi Tarhzouti,&nbsp;Badr-ddine El mouns,&nbsp;Hayat Ben-saghroune,&nbsp;Sara Haida,&nbsp;Selma Mabrouki,&nbsp;Fatima Lakhdar,&nbsp;Samira Etahiri","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10376-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Atlantic coastline of El-Jadida, Morocco, is renowned for its plentiful algae, especially brown seaweed, which is rich in active compounds known for their antifungal properties. This valuable resource offers an exciting opportunity to tackle the numerous challenges posed by invasive fungal infections, allergies, mycotoxin-related food poisoning, and drug-resistant strains. Underscoring the urgent need to explore alternative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly antifungal agents derived from algae. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of total alkaloids and phenolic-rich fractions derived from seven species of Pheophyceae: <i>Sargassum muticum</i>, <i>Sargassum vulgare</i>, <i>Bifurcaria bifurcata</i>, <i>Cystoseira tamariscifolia</i>, <i>Cystoseira humilis</i>, <i>Laminaria ochroleuca</i>, and <i>Fucus spiralis</i> against four fungi: airborne toxigenic isolates of <i>Aspergillus westerdijkiae</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> as well as nosocomial opportunistic isolates of <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> and <i>Scopulariopsis brevicaulis</i>. The study also aimed to identify the most effective alga and its specific active compounds through LC–MS and GC–MS analysis. The invasive <i>Sargassum muticum</i> was chosen as the most potent alga in inhibiting the growth of mycelium. For the first time, the alkaloids palmatine and jatrorrhizine, along with caulerpin, have been identified. The chloroform fraction revealed the prevalence of phenolic compounds including, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with a maximum fungal load of 10⁸ colony-forming unit (CFU), recorded ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 μg/mL by the phenolic-rich fraction against airborne toxigenic isolates, and from 100 to 200 μg/mL against nosocomial opportunistic isolates by the total alkaloids. In comparison, the positive control, ketoconazole, showed higher MICs and resistance against <i>A. nidulans</i>. The valorization of <i>Sargassum muticum</i> is proposed as a green strategy to preserve the ecological balance, combat antifungal resistance, and address public health challenges.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1350 - 1366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidermal distribution of tetrodotoxin-rich cells in newly hatched larvae of Takifugu spp.","authors":"Keishiro Inahashi,&nbsp;Ryo Yonezawa,&nbsp;Kentaro Hayashi,&nbsp;Soichi Watanabe,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Yoshitake,&nbsp;Ashley Rinka Smith,&nbsp;Yui Kaneko,&nbsp;Inori Watanabe,&nbsp;Rei Suo,&nbsp;Shigeharu Kinoshita,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahya Rafiuddin,&nbsp;Yuki Seki,&nbsp;Arata Nagami,&nbsp;Hajime Matsubara,&nbsp;Nobuo Suzuki,&nbsp;Tomohiro Takatani,&nbsp;Osamu Arakawa,&nbsp;Miwa Suzuki,&nbsp;Shuichi Asakawa,&nbsp;Shiro Itoi","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10377-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10377-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pufferfish of the genus <i>Takifugu</i> possess tetrodotoxin (TTX), known as “pufferfish toxin” and it is believed that pufferfish eggs and newly hatched larvae utilize TTX as a defensive substance against predators. However, the mechanism for the placement of TTX to specific cells on the larval body surface during the developmental process remains unknown. In this study, we clarify the distribution and characteristics of TTX-rich cells. We performed whole-mount immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-TTX monoclonal antibody on larvae of two pufferfish species, <i>Takifugu rubripes</i> and <i>Takifugu alboplumbeus</i>, just after hatching. This allowed observation of the TTX location and compared it with those of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-positive (periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive) cells for mucous cells and IHC using anti-Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) monoclonal antibody for ionocytes. As a result, uniformly scattered localization of TTX-rich cells was commonly observed in the epidermis of the larvae of the two <i>Takifugu</i> species. TTX-rich cells were WGA-negative (PAS-negative) and structurally distinct from NKA-positive cells, suggesting that TTX-rich cells are unreported small cells unique to pufferfish skin, but not mucous cells nor ionocytes. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1367 - 1374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-024-10377-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Mining Analysis Uncovers the Previously Unknown Biosynthetic Capacity for Secondary Metabolites in Verrucomicrobia","authors":"Xue Di,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Jingxuan Wang,&nbsp;Vincent Nowak,&nbsp;Shuai Zhi,&nbsp;Meiling Jin,&nbsp;Liwei Liu,&nbsp;Shan He","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10374-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10374-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria of the phylum <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> is widely distributed in diverse ecological environments. Their limited cultivability has greatly caused the significant knowledge gap surrounding their secondary metabolites and their mediating ecological functions. This study delved into the diversity and novelty of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> by employing a gene-first approach to investigate 2323 genomes. A total of 7552 BGCs, which encompassed 3744 terpene, 805 polyketide, 773 non-ribosomal peptide gene clusters, and 1933 BGCs of other biosynthetic origins, were identified. They were further classified into 3887 gene cluster families (GCFs) based on biosynthetic gene similarity clustering, of which only six GCFs contained reference biosynthetic gene clusters in the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (MIBiG), indicating the striking novelty of secondary metabolites in <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>. Notably, 37.8% of these gene clusters were harbored by unclassified species of <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> phyla, members of which were highly abundant in soil environments. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis also revealed <i>Luteolibacter</i> and <i>Methylacidiphilum</i> as the most prolific genera in terms of BGC abundance and diversity, with the discovery of a conservative and new NRPS-PKS BGC in <i>Luteolibacter</i>. This work not only unveiled the biosynthetic potential and genetic diversity of secondary metabolites of <i>Verrucomicrobia</i> but also provided a fresh insight for the exploration of new bioactive compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1324 - 1335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Growth, Nutrient Composition, and Intestinal Microflora in Juvenile Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Yiming Li,&nbsp;Yucong Ye,&nbsp;Yashi Zhu,&nbsp;Zongli Yao,&nbsp;Kai Zhou,&nbsp;Yuxing Wei,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Bao,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhao,&nbsp;Qifang Lai","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10373-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10373-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an endogenous non-protein amino acid and has been used as a new type of growth promoter in aquaculture feed. This study explored the effects of 5-ALA on growth and intestinal health in juvenile shrimp, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Shrimps were fed diets containing five different 5-ALA levels (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g/t) for 90 days. A concentration of 45 g/t 5-ALA significantly improved growth metrics, including the specific growth rate, protein efficiency, and feed conversion (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The optimal concentration of 5-ALA was 38.3 g/t, as indicated by broken-line regression. Dietary supplementation with 5-ALA increased the crude protein content of whole shrimp, but had no significant effect on the moisture, ash, or crude lipid content (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Suitable supplementation of 5-ALA (45 g/t, 60 g/t) improved the activities of the digestive enzymes alpha-amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and lipase, thus promoting digestion and absorption. Shrimp fed with 45 g/t 5-ALA had increased levels of essential amino acids in the muscles and a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatopancreas. Supplementation with 45 or 60 g/t 5-ALA upregulated the expression of genes related to growth and molting, including <i>chitinase</i>, <i>ecdysone receptor</i>, <i>retinoic X receptor</i>, <i>calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I</i>, <i>heat shock protein 60</i>, and <i>heat shock protein 70</i>. Moreover, dietary supplementation with 5-ALA affected the abundance of intestinal flora, increased the number of beneficial bacteria, and improved intestinal health. These results indicated that 5-ALA may significantly benefit shrimp health and aquaculture productivity, providing a novel theoretical basis for further research into 5-ALA as a dietary supplement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1307 - 1323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Characterization of ABC Transporter Genes and Expression Profiles in Red Macroalga Pyropia yezoensis Expose to Low-Temperature","authors":"Lin Tian,&nbsp;Lan Wu,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Zhong,&nbsp;Li-Hong Ma,&nbsp;Guo-Ying Du","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10355-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10355-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pyropia yezoensis</i> is an important economic macroalga widely cultivated in the East Asia countries of China, Korea, and Japan. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family is one of the largest transporter families in all forms of life involved in various biological processes. The characteristics of ABC transporter genes in <i>P</i>. <i>yezoensis</i> (<i>PyABC</i>) and their functions in stress resistance, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, <i>PyABCs</i> were identified and characterized their expression patterns under low-temperature stress. A total of 48 PyABCs transporters were identified and divided into eight subfamilies, which are mostly predicted as membrane-binding proteins. The cis-elements of phytohormone and low-temperature response were distinguished in promoter sequences of <i>PyABCs.</i> Transcriptome analysis showed that <i>PyABCs</i> are involved in response to low-temperature stress. Among them, 12 <i>PyABCs</i> were significantly up-regulated after 24 h of exposure to low temperature (2 °C). Further quantitative RT-PCR analysis corroborated the highest expression happened at 24 for detected genes of <i>PyABCC8</i>, <i>PyABCF3</i>, and <i>PyABCI1</i>, extraordinarily for <i>PyABCF3</i>, and followed by decreased expression at 48 h. The expression of <i>PyABCI1</i> was generally low in all tested strains. Whereas, in a strain of <i>P</i>. <i>yezoensis</i> with lower tolerance to low temperature, the expression was observed higher in <i>PyABCC1</i>, <i>PyABCC8</i>, and remarkably high in <i>PyABCF3</i>. This study provided valuable information on <i>ABC</i> gene families in <i>P</i>. <i>yezoensis</i> and their functional characteristics, especially on low-temperature resistance, and would help to understand the adaptive mechanisms of <i>P</i>. <i>yezoensis</i> to adverse environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1179 - 1193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel β-Defensin Gene in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)","authors":"M. Ferez-Puche,&nbsp;Jhon A. Serna-Duque,&nbsp;Alberto Cuesta,&nbsp;Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer,&nbsp;María Ángeles Esteban","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10367-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10367-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture favors the natural selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could be a promising alternative to this problem. The most studied AMPs in teleost fish are piscidins, hepcidins, and β-defensins. In this work, we have found a new gene (<i>defb2</i>) encoding a type 2 β-defensin in the genome of gilthead seabream, a species chosen for its economic interest in aquaculture. Its open reading frame (192 bp) encodes a protein (71 amino acids) that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to obtain the functional mature peptide (42 amino acids). The genetic structure in three exons and two introns and the six characteristic cysteines are conserved as the main signature of this protein family. In the evolutionary analysis, synteny shows a preservation of chromosomal localization and the phylogenetic tree constructed exposes the differences between both types of β-defensin as well as the similarities between seabream and European seabass. In relation to its basal expression, β-defensin 2 is mostly expressed in the intestine, thymus, skin, and gonads of the gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). In head kidney leucoytes (HKLs), the expression was very low and did not change significantly when stimulated with various immunocompetent agents. However, the expression was significantly down-regulated in the liver, head–kidney, and blood 4 h post-injection with the fish pathogen <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>. When infected with nodavirus, the expression was downregulated in brain at 7 days post-infection. These results denote a possible complementarity between the expression patterns of β-defensins and hepcidins. Further studies are needed to analyze gene duplications and expression patterns of β-defensins and describe their mechanism of action in seabream and other teleost fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 6","pages":"1219 - 1230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-024-10367-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}