{"title":"Japanese Planocerid Flatworms: Difference in Composition of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs and the Effects of Ingestion by Toxin-Bearing Fishes in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan","authors":"Hiroyuki Ueda, Masaaki Ito, Ryo Yonezawa, Kentaro Hayashi, Taiga Tomonou, Maho Kashitani, Hikaru Oyama, Kyoko Shirai, Rei Suo, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Shigeharu Kinoshita, Shuichi Asakawa, Shiro Itoi","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10312-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10312-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tetrodotoxin (TTX), known as pufferfish toxin, is a potent neurotoxin blocking sodium channels in muscle and nerve tissues. TTX has been detected in various taxa other than pufferfish, including marine polyclad flatworms, suggesting that pufferfish toxin accumulates in fish bodies via food webs. The composition of TTX and its analogs in the flatworm <i>Planocera multitentaculata</i> was identical to those in wild grass puffer <i>Takifugu alboplumbeus</i>. Previously, <i>Planocera</i> sp. from Okinawa Island, Japan, were reported to possess high level of TTX, but no information was available on TTX analogs in this species. Here we identified TTX and analogs in the planocerid flatworm using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and compared the composition of TTX and analogs with those of another toxic and non-toxic planocerid species. We show that the composition of TTX and several analogs, such as 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, deoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(<i>S</i>)-ol, of <i>Planocera</i> sp. was identical to those of toxic species, but not to its non-toxic counterpart. The difference in the toxin composition was reflected in the phylogenetic relationship based on the mitochondrial genome sequence. A toxification experiment using predatory fish and egg plates of <i>P. multitentaculata</i> demonstrated that the composition of TTX and analogs in wild <i>T. alboplumbeus</i> juveniles was reproduced in artificially toxified pufferfish. Additionally, feeding on the flatworm egg plates enhanced the signal intensities of all TTX compounds in <i>Chelonodon patoca</i> and that of deoxyTTXs in <i>Yongeichthys criniger</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 3","pages":"500 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-024-10312-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kunyin Jiang, Hong Yu, Lingfeng Kong, Shikai Liu, Qi Li
{"title":"cAMP-Mediated CREM-MITF-TYR Axis Regulates Melanin Synthesis in Pacific Oysters","authors":"Kunyin Jiang, Hong Yu, Lingfeng Kong, Shikai Liu, Qi Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10309-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10309-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colorful shells in bivalves are mostly caused by the presence of biological pigments, among which melanin is a key component in the formation of shell colours. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important messenger in the regulation of pigmentation in some species. However, the role of cAMP in bivalve melanogenesis has not yet been reported. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the role of cAMP in regulating melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. Besides, the function of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) and the interactions between CREM and melanogenic genes were investigated. Our results showed that a high level of cAMP promotes the expression of melanogenic genes in Pacific oysters. CREM controls the expression of the <i>MITF</i> gene under cAMP regulation. In addition, CREM can regulate melanogenic gene expression, tyrosine metabolism, and melanin synthesis. These results indicate that cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. CREM is a key transcription factor in the oyster melanin synthesis pathway, which plays a crucial role in oyster melanin synthesis through a cAMP-mediated CREM-MITF-TYR axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 3","pages":"460 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiaoyue Xu, Hongtao Nie, Qianying Ma, Jiadi Wang, Zhongming Huo, Xiwu Yan
{"title":"The lgi-miR-2d is Potentially Involved in Shell Melanin Synthesis by Targeting mitf in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum","authors":"Qiaoyue Xu, Hongtao Nie, Qianying Ma, Jiadi Wang, Zhongming Huo, Xiwu Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10307-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10307-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shell color as an important economic trait is also the crucial target trait for breeding and production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small non-coding RNA that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes, it plays important roles in many life activities and physiological processes, such as shell color, stress response, and disease traits. In this study, we investigated the function of lgi-miR-2d in shell melanin formation and the expression patterns of lgi-miR-2d and target gene <i>Rpmitf</i> in Manila clam <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>. We further explored and verified the relationship between <i>Rpmitf</i> and lgi-miR-2d and identified the expression level of shell color-related gene changes by RNAi and injecting the antagomir of lgi-miR-2d, respectively. Our results indicated that lgi-miR-2d antagomir affected the expression of its target gene <i>Rpmitf</i>. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the direct interaction between lgi-miR-2d and <i>Rpmitf.</i> The results showed that the expression levels of melanin-related genes such as <i>Rpmitf</i> and <i>tyr</i> were significantly decreased in the positive treatment group compared with the blank control group after the <i>Rpmitf</i> dsRNA injection, indicating <i>Rpmitf</i> plays a crucial role in the melanin synthesis pathway. Taken together, we speculated that lgi-miR-2d might be negatively modulating <i>Rpmitf</i>, which might regulate other shell color-related genes, thereby affecting melanin synthesis in <i>R. philippinarum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 3","pages":"432 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Rapid Detection Method to Prorocentrum lima by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Hydroxy Naphthol Blue","authors":"Chao Yang, Yu Zhen, Jialin Hou, Tiezhu Mi","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10310-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10310-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Prorocentrum lima</i>, a widely distributed dinoflagellate known for its production of harmful biotoxins, poses a significant threat to humans, aquaculture, and marine ecosystems. As a result, the detection of this toxic alga in coastal waters has become an urgent research focus. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed to identify <i>P. lima.</i> In this method, cell extracts of <i>P. lima</i> were diluted and used directly as templates for amplification, eliminating the need for nucleic acid purification and simplifying the detection process. Hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) was incorporated into the reaction mix to facilitate result interpretation, enabling visual determination of the amplification outcome with the naked eye. The entire detection process, from DNA extraction to template amplification and product detection, could be completed within 80 min using a simple constant temperature-control device. This LAMP-based detection method demonstrated excellent reliability, specificity, and a low detection limit of 5.87 cells/mL for DNA crude extract. The assay offered an efficient alternative to PCR for rapid detection of <i>P. lima</i>. By streamlining the detection process and offering a visual readout, this technique holds promise for efficient and routine monitoring of harmful algal species, benefitting both research efforts and environmental management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 3","pages":"475 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production of Antioxidant, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory and Osteogenic Gelatin Hydrolysate from Labeo rohita Swim Bladder","authors":"Balaji Wamanrao Kanwate, Kalpana Patel, Sandesh Suresh Karkal, Deependra Rajoriya, Kunal Sharan, Tanaji G. Kudre","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10305-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10305-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimization of antioxidants and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential gelatin hydrolysate production from <i>Labeo rohita</i> (rohu) swim bladder (SBGH) by alcalase using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was investigated. The maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), total antioxidants (TAO), and ACE inhibitory activity were achieved at 0.1:1.0 (w/w) enzyme to substrate ratio, 61 °C hydrolysis temperature, and 94-min hydrolysis time. The resulting SBGH obtained at 19.92% DH exhibited the DPPH (24.28 µM TE/mg protein), ABTS (34.47 µM TE/mg protein), TAO (12.01 µg AAE/mg protein), and ACE inhibitory (4.91 µg/mg protein) activity. Furthermore, SBGH at 100 µg/ml displayed osteogenic property without any toxic effects on MC3T3-E1 cells. Besides, the protein content of rohu swim bladder gelatin (SBG) and SBGH was 93.68% and 94.98%, respectively. Both SBG and SBGH were rich in glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, and hydroxyproline amino acids. Therefore, SBGH could be an effective nutraceutical in functional food development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 2","pages":"404 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oral Administration of Antimicrobial Peptide NZ2114 Through the Microalgal Bait Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Wille) Butcher for Improving the Immunity and Gut Health in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)","authors":"Ting Yao, Fengjie Sun, Bingkui Zhu, Subing Han, Hao Zhang, Chunxiao Meng, Zhengquan Gao, Yulin Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10289-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10289-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotics are widely used in aquaculture to treat the bacterial diseases. However, the improper use of antibiotics could lead to environmental pollution and development of resistance. As a safe and eco-friendly alternative, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are commonly explored as therapeutic agents. In this study, a mutant strain of <i>Tetraselmis subcordiformis</i> containing AMP NZ2114 was developed and used as an oral drug delivery system to reduce the use of antibiotics in turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>) aquaculture. The gut, kidney, and liver immune-related genes and their effects on gut digestion and bacterial communities in turbot fed with NZ2114 were evaluated in an 11-day feeding experiment. The results showed that compared with the group fed with wild-type <i>T. subcordiformis</i>, the group fed with <i>T. subcordiformis</i> transformants containing NZ2114 was revealed with decreased levels of both pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β), inhibitory effect on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, and <i>Vibrio splendidus</i> demonstrated by the in vitro simulation experiments, and increased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota of turbot. In conclusion, our study provided a novel, beneficial, and low-cost method for controlling bacteria in turbot culture through the oral drug delivery systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 2","pages":"230 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shujian Chen, Ce Shi, Yangfang Ye, Ronghua Li, Weiwei Song, Changbin Song, Changkao Mu, Zhiming Ren, Chunlin Wang
{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Light Spectra Affect the Growth and Molting of Scylla paramamosain by Changing the Chitin Metabolism","authors":"Shujian Chen, Ce Shi, Yangfang Ye, Ronghua Li, Weiwei Song, Changbin Song, Changkao Mu, Zhiming Ren, Chunlin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10301-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10301-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Light is an essential ecological factor that has been demonstrated to affect aquatic animals’ behavior, growth performance, and energy metabolism. Our previous study found that the full-spectrum light and cyan light could promote growth performance and molting frequency of <i>Scylla paramamosain</i> while it was suppressed by violet light. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism that influences light spectral composition on the growth performance and molting of <i>S. paramamosain</i>. RNA-seq analysis and qPCR were employed to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of eyestalks from <i>S. paramamosain</i> reared under full-spectrum light (FL), violet light (VL), and cyan light (CL) conditions after 8 weeks trial. The results showed that there are 5024 DEGs in FL vs. VL, 3398 DEGs in FL vs. CL, and 3559 DEGs in VL vs. CL observed. GO analysis showed that the DEGs enriched in the molecular function category involved in chitin binding, structural molecular activity, and structural constituent of cuticle. In addition, the DEGs in FL vs. VL were mainly enriched in the ribosome, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, lysosome, apoptosis, and antigen processing and presentation pathways by KEGG pathway analysis. Similarly, ribosome, lysosome, and antigen processing and presentation pathways were major terms that enriched in FL vs. CL group. However, only the ribosome pathway was significantly enriched in up-regulated DEGs in VL vs. CL group. Furthermore, five genes were randomly selected from DEGs for qPCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data, and the result showed that there was high consistency between the RNA-seq and qPCR. Taken together, violet light exposure may affect the growth performance of <i>S. paramamosain</i> by reducing the ability of immunity and protein biosynthesis, and chitin metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 2","pages":"351 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swimming Performance in Large Yellow Croaker: Effects of Group Size, Test Protocol, and Recovery Time On Critical Swimming Speed","authors":"Junjia Zeng, Wei Liu, Yacheng Deng, Pengxin Jiang, Zhijun Wang, Yanhong Ou, Hongtao Lu, Yuanjingxi Hui, Hongli Xu, Peng Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10303-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10303-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Swimming is critical for fish survival, and little attention has been paid to the swimming performance of large yellow croaker, the largest farmed marine fish in China. To address this gap, we conducted a study to measure the critical swimming speed (U<sub>crit</sub>) of 1050 croaker in a designed swim test flume. Our findings shed light on the effects of group size, U<sub>crit</sub> test protocol, and recovery time on swimming performance. The water flow in the swim flume increased steadily and linearly. The linear fit equation was y = 2.89x + 1.79 with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.99. With the help of the swim flume, we found that group size, and the U<sub>crit</sub> test protocol had a significant effect on the U<sub>crit</sub> values, except for the recovery time: The U<sub>crit</sub> values obtained in the ramp-U<sub>crit</sub> test averaged 28.32 ± 6.11 cm.s<sup>−1</sup>, which was significantly lower than that obtained in the traditional U<sub>crit</sub> test of 32.75 ± 7.60 cm.s<sup>−1</sup>; The U<sub>crit</sub> value of a group size of 50 fish was 33.51 ± 5.96 cm.s<sup>−1</sup>, which was significantly higher than that of a group of 200 fish (28.49 ± 6.37 cm.s<sup>−1</sup>). These results provide insights into the swimming performance of large yellow croaker and can be used to standardize the swimming test protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 2","pages":"380 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Tian, Hongxia Wang, Pin Huan, Xin Yue, Baozhong Liu
{"title":"Comprehensive Multi-omics Approaches Provide Insights to Summer Mortality in the Clam Meretrix petechialis","authors":"Jing Tian, Hongxia Wang, Pin Huan, Xin Yue, Baozhong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-024-10304-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-024-10304-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bivalve mass mortalities have been reported worldwide, which not only can be explained as a result of pathogen infection, but may reflect changes in environments. Although these episodes were often reported, there was limited information concerning the molecular responses to various stressors leading to summer mortality. In the present work, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), tandem mass tagging (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to explore the natural outbreak of summer mortality in the clam <i>Meretrix petechialis</i>. We identified a total of 172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 222 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the diseased group compared to the normal group. The inconsistent expression profiles of immune DEGs/DEPs may be due to the immune dysregulation of the diseased clams. Notably, 11 solute carrier family genes were found among the top 20 down-regulated genes in the diseased group, indicating that weakened transmembrane transport ability might occur in the diseased clams. Integration analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic results showed that many metabolic processes such as “arginine and proline metabolism” and “tyrosine metabolism” were inhibited in the diseased group, suggesting metabolic inhibition. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the microbial composition of clam hepatopancreas was disordered in the diseased group. The comparison of DEGs expression between the natural summer mortality event and an artificial challenge experiment involving both <i>Vibrio</i> infection and heat stress revealed 9/15 genes showing similar expression trends between the two conditions, suggesting that the summer mortality might be caused by a combination of high temperature and <i>Vibrio</i> infection. These results would deepen our understanding of summer mortality and provide candidate resistance markers for clam resistance breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"26 2","pages":"389 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}