Marine Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Shape-Engineered Aluminum Nanoadjuvants Enable Route-Adapted Vaccination Against LMBV in Largemouth Bass","authors":"Baofu Ma,&nbsp;Hongli Zhang,&nbsp;Gaolei Geng,&nbsp;Xia Luo,&nbsp;Hongru Liang,&nbsp;Yinjie Niu,&nbsp;Qiang Lin,&nbsp;Wenwen Xiao,&nbsp;Ningqiu Li,&nbsp;Xiaozhe Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10729-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10729-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inactivated vaccines are widely used in aquaculture. However, their effectiveness in immersion immunization is often limited by inefficient antigen delivery across mucosal barriers and poorly controlled nano-bio interactions. Herein, we report a shape-engineering strategy to regulate the biological behavior of aluminum-based nanoadjuvants for route-adapted vaccination against largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV). Aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanosheets with hydroxyl-rich positively charged surfaces were constructed, exhibiting antigen adsorption and enhanced immune protection upon injection. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the nanosheets enhanced antigen adsorption through electrostatic interactions and exhibited pH-responsive dissolution behavior, which may facilitate antigen release under acidic conditions. However, during immersion immunization, adverse effects were observed in association with aggregate formation and adhesion to fish skin and gills, potentially limiting their suitability for immersion delivery. To address this limitation, AlOOH nanosheets were thermally transformed into AlOOH-derived nanorods. Nanorod-based vaccines also induced stronger early immune responses, evidenced by increased expression of key immune-related cytokines following immersion immunization. More importantly, they significantly improved protective efficacy in vivo, achieving an RPS of 64%, compared with 40% for the inactivated vaccine alone. This study reveals that the immunological performance of aluminum nanoadjuvants is governed by shape-dependent interfacial interactions, providing a generalizable strategy for designing nanoadjuvants tailored to different immunization routes in aquaculture. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of VNARs Targeting Edwardsiella piscicida GAPDH","authors":"Soichiro Yoshizawa,&nbsp;Mieko Kato,&nbsp;Yoshiro Hanyu,&nbsp;Keiichiro Koiwai,&nbsp;Ikuo Hirono,&nbsp;Hidehiro Kondo","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10721-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10721-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Edwardsiella piscicida</i> is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in Japanese flounder and poses a serious threat to aquaculture. Surface-localized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been implicated in bacterial adhesion and immune recognition, making it a promising antigenic target for infection control. In this study, we generated shark-derived variable domains of immunoglobulin novel antigen receptors (VNARs) targeting recombinant GAPDH from <i>E. piscicida</i> and evaluated their potential as antibody-based agents for controlling edwardsiellosis. A banded houndshark (<i>Triakis scyllium</i>) was immunized with recombinant GAPDH, and anti-GAPDH VNARs were subsequently isolated from the spleen using a combination screening method. Three VNAR clones, designated 2 − 1, 3 − 2, and 4–11, exhibited concentration-dependent binding to recombinant GAPDH and retained their binding activity after exposure to high temperatures or acidic conditions. Epitope binning indicated that the three clones recognized non-overlapping epitopes. Among the tested fish-pathogenic bacteria, clones 2 − 1 and 4–11 preferentially bound <i>Edwardsiella</i> species, including <i>E. piscicida</i> and <i>E. anguillarum</i>. In GAPDH activity assays, the combination of clones 2 − 1 and 4–11 showed the strongest inhibition of recombinant GAPDH activity, with an IC50 of 9.5 ng/ml. The same combination also most effectively inhibited <i>E. piscicida</i> growth in vitro, with an IC50 of 13.6 µg/ml. In a Japanese flounder challenge test, combined administration of clones 2 − 1 and 4–11 resulted in a final survival rate of 91.7%. These findings suggest that anti-GAPDH VNARs may provide a promising antibody-based strategy for the control of edwardsiellosis in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of PeCLIC4 in the Response of Phascolosoma esculenta to BCDMH Stress","authors":"Chong Li,&nbsp;Peifen Hu,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Yaohua Zhang,&nbsp;Haimei Gan,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Zou,&nbsp;Huijing Peng,&nbsp;Peng Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10723-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10723-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Halogenated disinfectants are widely used in aquaculture, but excessive exposure may induce physiological stress and cellular injury in aquatic animals. Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is associated with chloride homeostasis, cell-volume regulation, and apoptosis-related processes; however, its role in marine invertebrates exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) remains unclear. In this study, a CLIC4 homologue was cloned from <i>Phascolosoma esculenta</i> and designated <i>PeCLIC</i>4. The cloned fragment was 1255 bp in length and contained a 975-bp open reading frame encoding 324 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 36.75 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.67. PeCLIC4 contained a conserved CLIC domain and several putative post-translational modification sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PeCLIC4 was conserved among invertebrate CLIC4 homologues but formed a relatively distinct branch. Among the two shRNAs tested, clic4-44 showed stronger knockdown efficiency in both coelomic fluid and nephridial tissue. BCDMH-containing seawater exposure markedly induced <i>PeCLIC</i>4 expression, whereas clic4-44-mediated silencing weakened this induction. Under BCDMH stress, <i>PeCLIC</i>4 knockdown increased the expression of anti-apoptotic <i>Bcl-2</i> and decreased that of pro-apoptotic <i>Bax</i>. Accordingly, the 72-h survival rate increased from approximately 46.7% in BCDMH-exposed controls to 66.7% after <i>PeCLIC</i>4 silencing. These results suggest that <i>PeCLIC</i>4 contributes to the BCDMH stress response in <i>P. esculenta</i>, possibly by modulating <i>Bcl-2</i>/<i>Bax</i>-associated apoptotic signaling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Transcriptomic and Histological Responses to Fish Meal Substitution with Soy Protein Concentrate in Formulated Feed in Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) Juveniles","authors":"Ernesto Larios-Soriano,&nbsp;Laura L. López-Galindo,&nbsp;Roberto A Carrillo,&nbsp;Lus M López Acuña,&nbsp;Omar Mendoza-Porras,&nbsp;Mario A Galaviz","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10726-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10726-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide DNA Methylation Difference Between Sexes in Juveniles and Epigenetic Regulation of Sexual Development in Intersex Crabs Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Yan-Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Xing-Lin Lai,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Liu,&nbsp;Jin-Xia Yang,&nbsp;Mei-Jun Tang,&nbsp;Xu-Gan Wu,&nbsp;Gao-Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10725-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10725-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epigenetic regulation of sexual development is widely documented in model species, yet data for commercial invertebrates remain limited. Here, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to profile genome-wide DNA methylation and identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the female and male juveniles at stage III in the Chinese mitten crab <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>. Global methylated cytosines accounted for approximately 1.44% and 1.45% of all cytosines in the female and male genomes, respectively. Among the CpG, CHG, and CHH contexts, CpG showed the highest mean methylation levels, at 8.15% in females and 8.08% in males. A total of 21,038 nominally significant DMRs were identified between sexes, with 11,557 (55%) hypermethylated DMRs in males. Notably, the methylation level of the ZW chromosome was the highest compared to the ZZ chromosome and the autosomes, suggesting sex-biased epigenetic modification within the ZW/ZZ sex determination system. On autosomes, the hypermethylated DMRs in females were mainly detected in the gene body regions of <i>Sex lethal</i>, <i>Male-specific lethal 3</i>, <i>Feminization-1c</i>, and <i>Feminization-1a</i>. On the ZW chromosome, 233 DMRs were hypermethylated in females, whereas 161 were hypermethylated in males. Furthermore, in the intersex crabs (ZW) bearing male first gonopods, the promoter of <i>LOC113817324</i> exhibited intersex-specific hypermethylation in the ovary, whereas intronic methylation of the <i>Serine/threonine-protein kinase</i> (<i>ATR</i>) remained low, mirroring the pattern observed in normal male (ZZ) testes. These findings reveal sex- and intersex-associated DNA methylation patterns in <i>E. sinensis</i> and provide candidate epigenetic loci for further investigation of sexual development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Characterization of a Novel FADD from Anodonta woodiana Reveals Its Regulatory Roles in Apoptotic Cascades and Antibacterial Immunity","authors":"Hongliang Gao,&nbsp;Xiaochun Liu,&nbsp;Lei Yan,&nbsp;Xinyi Luo,&nbsp;Yingze Gao,&nbsp;Ruoguo Yan,&nbsp;Ye Liu,&nbsp;Zhiming Yue,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhao,&nbsp;Shijie Feng,&nbsp;Xinyi Tan,&nbsp;Fufa Qu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10724-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10724-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is a core conserved adaptor in death receptor-induced apoptotic signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in apoptosis and innate immunity in vertebrates. However, the function of FADDs in invertebrates, especially in bivalve mollusks, remains elusive. In the present study, a novel molluscan FADD homolog (<i>AwFADD</i>) was identified and functionally characterized from the bivalve <i>Anodonta woodiana.</i> The <i>Aw</i>FADD protein consists of 232 amino acids and harbors two conserved functional domains: an N-terminal death effector domain (DED) and a C-terminal death domain (DD). Tissue expression profiling revealed that <i>AwFADD</i> was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with predominant expression in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes. Upon challenge with <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or lipopolysaccharide, <i>AwFADD</i> mRNA expression was upregulated in hemocytes of <i>A. woodiana</i>, implying its potential involvement in host antibacterial responses. RNA interference‑mediated knockdown of <i>Aw</i>FADD suppressed the expression of <i>AwCaspase-8/-3</i>, whereas it enhanced transcripts of MyD88-dependent pathway genes and downstream immune-related effectors in hemocytes in response to <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that <i>Aw</i>FADD was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays further indicated that <i>AwFADD</i> overexpression enhanced the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in a dose-dependent manner under basal conditions, but suppressed MyD88-triggered NF-κB/AP-1 signaling activation. These findings suggest that <i>Aw</i>FADD may serve as a crucial bifunctional regulator that integrates apoptotic cascade activation and MyD88-dependent antibacterial immune responses in <i>A. woodiana</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Dietary Isoleucine Promotes Growth, Regulates Lipid Metabolism, and Modulates Hepatopancreatic Microbiota in Juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain)","authors":"Rubing Tao,&nbsp;Hanying Xu,&nbsp;Jiteng Wang,&nbsp;Wenping Feng,&nbsp;Tao Han","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10722-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10722-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary isoleucine on growth performance, digestive and metabolic enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and hepatopancreatic microbiota in juvenile <i>Scylla paramamosain</i>. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with graded isoleucine levels: 0.97% (Ile 1), 1.19% (Ile 2), 1.57% (Ile 3), 1.74% (Ile 4), and 2.09% (Ile 5). A total of 560 juveniles (initial weight: 15.07 ± 1.37 mg) were fed for 8 weeks. Results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with dietary isoleucine levels up to 1.57% and declined thereafter. Broken-line regression analysis based on WGR estimated the optimal dietary isoleucine requirement at 1.43%. Hepatopancreatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was highest in the 1.57% group, whereas trypsin and lipase activities did not differ significantly among treatments. Dietary isoleucine levels influenced lipid metabolism, with excessive supplementation (2.09%) associated with reduced growth and increased whole-body crude lipid content, accompanied by upregulated expression of <i>fas</i>, <i>srebp1</i>, <i>acc</i> and downregulated <i>hsl</i> expression. Appropriate dietary isoleucine levels (1.19%–1.57%) increased hepatopancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Hepatopancreatic microbial α-diversity and overall community structure did not differ significantly among treatments, although <i>Thiothrix</i> showed the highest relative abundance in the 1.57% group. PICRUSt2 analysis suggested differences in predicted microbial metabolic functions among treatments. Overall, the estimated dietary isoleucine requirement for juvenile <i>S. paramamosain</i> was 1.43%, while excessive dietary isoleucine impaired growth and was associated with increased lipid deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Scale-derived Chitooligosaccharide and Chitosan Hydrogels as Functional Biomaterials for Wound Healing","authors":"Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim,&nbsp;Suvik Assaw,&nbsp;Mohamad Nor Azra,&nbsp;Wen Jye Mok,&nbsp;Yosie Andriani,&nbsp;Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhamad,&nbsp;Mohd Effendy Abd Wahid,&nbsp;Muhammad Luqman Nordin,&nbsp;Ahmad Khusairi Azemi,&nbsp;Thirukanthan Chandra Segaran","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10720-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10720-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic and poorly healing wounds require dressings that do more than provide coverage, but actively regulate infection, oxidative stress, and tissue repair. In this study, hydrogels formulated from fish-scale-derived low-molecular-weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS) were evaluated using integrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and in vivo wound-healing analyses to assess their comparative therapeutic performance. Antimicrobial testing against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>) and Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>) showed that COS displayed stronger activity overall, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 1.25 mg/mL, compared with 0.313 to 1.25 mg/mL for chitosan. COS also showed a clearer bactericidal effect, particularly against the Gram-positive strains, whereas chitosan was predominantly bacteriostatic under the conditions tested. In antioxidant assays, COS demonstrated stronger hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical scavenging activity than chitosan, indicating a more favourable redox-modulating profile. Physicochemical analyses revealed differences in the swelling and degradation profiles of the two hydrogel formulations. In vivo, both hydrogels promoted wound contraction relative to untreated wounds, with COS exhibiting the more rapid response. The COS-treated group achieved complete mean wound contraction by day 14, accompanied by greater collagen-associated staining during subsequent histological assessment. By day 21, the collagen-associated percentages reached 95.71% in COS-treated wounds and 84.81% in chitosan-treated wounds. Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated temporal changes in TGF-β1 expression, with increased staining during the proliferative stage of wound repair. Collectively, these findings indicate favourable wound-healing performance of fish scale-derived COS hydrogel relative to chitosan hydrogel under the experimental conditions examined. The results support further investigation of fish scale-derived biopolymers as potential materials for wound dressing development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Extract from Ulva ohnoi Algae: Chemical Characterization, Antibacterial Potential, and Cytotoxicity in the Search for New Agents Against MDR Infections","authors":"Marisa Castro Jara,&nbsp;Diego Serrasol do Amaral,&nbsp;Leonardo Werner,&nbsp;Eduardo Bastos,&nbsp;Luana de Azevedo Aimi,&nbsp;Nathalia Stark Pedra,&nbsp;Vithor Parada Garcia,&nbsp;Matheus Pereira de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo,&nbsp;Milena de Nardin,&nbsp;Wellington da Rocha da Silva,&nbsp;Silvia de Oliveira Hübner,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher,&nbsp;Cláudio Martins Pereira de Pereira,&nbsp;Patrícia da Silva Nascente","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10717-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10717-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global concern. This study explored the lipid extract (LE) of <i>Ulva ohnoi</i> regarding its chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The LE was characterized by GC–MS, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Antibacterial efficacy was determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against MDR isolates: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in murine fibroblast (L929) and bovine renal fibroblast (MDBK) cells using MTT, Neutral Red (NR), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and hemolytic activity (HA) assays. Lipid characterization revealed palmitic acid (63.62%) and oleic acid (21.01%) as major components. TGA indicated 88% mass loss, and DSC showed no amorphous/crystalline domains. LE showed favorable MIC values against <i>S. aureus</i> and CoNS (1.33 mg/mL) and against <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>E. coli</i> (2 mg/mL), indicating moderate antibacterial activity typical of an unfractionated crude extract. MBC results indicated bacteriostatic activity (1–8 mg/mL). The extract was cytotoxic to L929 and MDBK cells at concentrations close to its MIC (IC₅₀ 0.25–1.95 mg/mL) but well tolerated by blood cells (HA IC₅₀ 4.705 mg/mL). <i>U. ohnoi</i> LE extends, rather than establishes, the previously reported antibacterial potential of <i>Ulva</i> lipids through comprehensive chemical characterization and MDR-isolate evaluation. However, low selectivity indices (SI &lt; 10) indicate that the LE does not yet present an adequate therapeutic window, reinforcing the need for bioassay-guided purification. Nevertheless, it is a starting point for developing new antibacterial agents.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-026-10717-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype-Anchored Multi-Omics Reveals Mechanisms Underlying Starvation-Induced Body, Liver, and Gallbladder Discoloration in Rock Carp (Procypris rabaudi)","authors":"Hongsen Lyu,&nbsp;Caifang Hao,&nbsp;Hongkuan Cao,&nbsp;Jingning Ling,&nbsp;Yixiao Li,&nbsp;Wei Zou,&nbsp;Zehao Li,&nbsp;Longfen Han,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Dong Han,&nbsp;Weizhi Yao,&nbsp;Wenping He","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10719-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10719-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visible changes in body and internal organ coloration can serve as practical indicators of nutritional and metabolic stress in aquaculture, but their physiological meaning remains poorly understood. Here, we used starvation as a controlled nutritional stress model to investigate the physiological and molecular changes associated with body color fading and liver and gallbladder discoloration in rock carp (<i>Procypris rabaudi</i>). To assess the effects of food deprivation (0–35 days), fish were examined using growth and biochemical assays, intestinal histology, as well as integrated hepatic transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Starvation caused weight loss, reduced condition factor and hepatosomatic index, intestinal atrophy, dynamic changes in digestive enzyme activities, and a transition from early antioxidant activation to late-stage oxidative injury. It also produced a clear sequence of visible color changes, with body pigmentation fading from deep black to reddish-brown, the liver changing from dark red to pink, and the gallbladder changing from dark green or black to pale yellow or yellow-green. Multi-omics analysis associated these phenotypes with three major processes. Body color fading was associated with down-regulation of <i>bcl-2l10</i>, <i>bcl-2l11</i>, and <i>cdk2</i> and depletion of tyrosine-related metabolites, suggesting possible alterations in melanogenesis-related substrate availability. Liver paling was linked to lipid and glycogen mobilization, as indicated by altered <i>fabp</i> and <i>aldo</i> expression and decreased levels of glycerophosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Gallbladder discoloration was consistent with reduced expression of <i>ho-1</i> and <i>abcb11</i>, suggesting possible involvement of pathways related to bile pigment formation and bile salt transport. Lysophosphatidic acid and demethylnobiletin were identified as candidate indicators of late-stage oxidative injury. These findings indicate that starvation-induced color changes are informative physiological phenotypes rather than superficial traits, and may support future monitoring of nutritional stress and organ dysfunction in rock carp aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}