Marine Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of Host, Cell Density, and Timing of Injection on Efficiency for Xenogen Production in Ictalurid Catfish","authors":"Kate B. Pottle,&nbsp;Darshika U. Hettiarachchi,&nbsp;Mei Shang,&nbsp;Baofeng Su,&nbsp;Jacob Al-Armanazi,&nbsp;Jinhai Wang,&nbsp;Misha Soman,&nbsp;Hamza Dilawar,&nbsp;Ian A. E. Butts,&nbsp;Rex A. Dunham","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10466-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10466-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimization of xenogenesis for hybrid catfish (♀ channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> × ♂ blue catfish, <i>I. furcatus</i>) embryo production was the goal. The effect of density of unsorted gonadal cells (80,000, 100,000, or 120,000 cells/fry) from blue catfish (BGCs) injected into triploid channel catfish surrogates, and BGCs or channel catfish (CGCs) into triploid white catfish (<i>Ameiurus catus</i>) surrogates on proliferation and colonization rates in surrogates injected at 4-, 5-, or 6-days post-hatch (DPH) was evaluated. At 45 and 90 DPH, survival and size of surrogates, and colonization/proliferation of donor cells (cell area &lt; 150 μm² and cluster area &gt; 150 μm²) were evaluated. Survival and size of all surrogate species were not impacted by cell density or donor. All surrogate species injected with 100,000 cells/fry had larger cluster cell areas than those injected with 80,000 cells/fry. White catfish surrogates with BGCs and CGCs had larger cell areas when injected with 100,000 cells/fry than those injected with 80,000 cells/fry. Both cell and cluster area increased by 90 DPH for all surrogates. PCR and PKH26 red fluorescence analysis confirmed that &gt; 89% and &gt; 86% of surrogates were positive xenogens at 45 and 90 DPH, respectively. No surrogate type or donor was superior to the others regarding colonization and proliferation, survival or growth, thus, channel catfish or white catfish were equally effective surrogates. Potential advantages of white catfish are small size, early sexual maturity, and spawning early in the season. These findings enhance the efficiency of germ cell transplantation for commercial hybrid catfish production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-025-10466-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Basis of Low-Salinity Tolerance in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) as Revealed by Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genome-Wide Association Study","authors":"Xiaojie Han,&nbsp;Ben Yang,&nbsp;Chao Guo,&nbsp;Mengmeng Xu,&nbsp;Deqi Sun,&nbsp;Chengjun Zhi,&nbsp;Qi Li,&nbsp;Shikai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10465-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10465-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>), a species of significant economic importance in global aquaculture, faces increasing challenges due to climate change and salinity fluctuations in coastal environments. This study aims to explore the breeding potential of low salinity tolerance traits and dissect their genetic basis, thereby improving environmental adaptability and expanding aquaculture zones. A total of 845 oysters from 36 full families were exposed to a low-salinity challenge (10 practical salinity units) for assessing phenotypic variation, estimating genetic parameters, and dissecting the genetic basis of low-salinity tolerance. The variation in survival rates among families (0–27.27%) highlighted substantial phenotypic plasticity of low-salinity tolerance. Heritability estimates for low-salinity tolerance traits ranged from 0.141 to 0.277, indicating low to moderate level genetic control of the trait. The low genetic and phenotypic correlations were observed between low-salinity tolerance and growth traits. Using a high-throughput and cost-effective genotyping approach by low-coverage whole genome sequencing with genotype imputation, we genotyped 297 samples with contrasted performance in low-salinity tolerance and detected 3,830,446 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic analysis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) uncovered the polygenic architecture of low-salinity tolerance and identified 16 SNPs associated with eight genes involved in oxidative metabolism, transmembrane transport, and immune defense. This study performed the first estimation of genetic parameters for low-salinity tolerance in <i>C. gigas</i> and identified genetic markers and associated genes for the trait, providing valuable information toward genetic improvement of low-salinity tolerance in the oyster using both traditional and genomic selection breeding strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Methylation Analysis of Hypermelanosis in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)","authors":"Yaqun Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Xu,&nbsp;Yitong Zhang,&nbsp;Songlin Chen,&nbsp;Hengde Li","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10467-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10467-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hypermelanosis on the blind side is a major concern in tongue sole (<i>Cynoglossus semilaevis</i>) aquaculture in China and causes great economic loss for farmers. To investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and hypermelanosis, different skin tissues on both the ocular and blind sides of both normal and hypermelanotic fish were used in this study, and set analysis was utilized to narrow and filter the possible, potential, and direct differentially methylated regions (DMRs). A total of 2278, 1015, and 6740 DMRs were discovered, which belonged to 1786, 908, and 4210 genes, for possible, potential, and direct methylation types, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed that the genes harboring DMRs associated with hypermelanosis were involved in the development of the skeletal system and embryonic organs during morphogenesis. Tens of key genes were mutually found by comparing methylation results with reported transcriptomic, ncRNA, and genetic studies. These results implied that hypermelanosis on the blind side in tongue sole is a complex trait that is affected by both genetic factors and environmental conditions and is regulated by a complicated gene network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Characteristics of Microbiota in Different Mucosal Layers of Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)","authors":"Jiahui Wang,&nbsp;Shengtao Gao,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Xu,&nbsp;Zhihui Yang,&nbsp;Qianqian Mu,&nbsp;Zijian Li,&nbsp;Pingping Liu,&nbsp;Jingjie Hu,&nbsp;Zhenmin Bao","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10458-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10458-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mucosal microbiomes play an important role in digestion, nutrition, and resistance to pathogens and toxins in fish; thus, characterizing the mucosal microbiomes of economically important fish species is paramount. In this study, mucosal microbiomes of healthy leopard coral grouper (<i>Plectropomus leopardus</i>), which is of economic importance worldwide, were systematically analyzed and compared by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The analysis of alpha-diversity and beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of the microbial community between different mucosal layers of <i>P. leopardus</i>. The skin microbiota showed the lowest microbial diversity among the three tissues, and the highest interindividual variability within gill groups was observed. Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum of the gut, skin, and gill microbiomes. Microbial biomarkers of the three mucosal tissues were identified, with the genera <i>Parvibaculum</i>, <i>Aminobacter</i>, <i>Sphingobium</i>, and <i>Ralstonia</i> for skin; <i>Mesoflavibacter</i>, <i>Winogradskyella</i>, <i>Malaciobacter</i>, <i>Nautella</i>, and <i>Marinobacterium</i> for gills; and <i>Cetobacterium</i>, <i>Photobacterium</i>, and <i>Vibrio</i> for gut. These genera were also the core microorganisms in each tissue. A large number of identical pathways of the three mucosal surfaces microbiome (e.g., pathways related to metabolism, human diseases, genetic/environmental information processing) and some specifically enriched pathways in each tissue were identified. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that there were more ecological communities and higher functional diversity in the gill microbiota, and the interactions between gut microbiota are closer and more stable. Our study provides a new perspective for a comprehensive understanding of the mucosal microbiota of <i>P. leopardus</i>, contributing to an in-depth exploration of the interaction between fish and microorganisms, and may help to predict potential disease outbreaks, thus promoting the development of the fish farming industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three New α-Pyrone Derivatives with Antiepileptic Activity from the Marine Actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. NBUDK19","authors":"Jinling Li,&nbsp;Zhiyan Zhou,&nbsp;Fangjian Feng,&nbsp;Wei Yuan,&nbsp;Yawen Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Wang,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Haixiao Jin,&nbsp;Shan He,&nbsp;Lijian Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10462-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10462-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epilepsy is a serious brain disease that urgently needs new drugs to treat it. In this study, three new <i>α</i>-pyrone derivatives, nocardipones A − C (<b>1 − 3</b>), were isolated from the sponge-associated actinomycete <i>Nocardiopsis</i> sp. NBUDK19 guided by anti-epileptic bioactivity using an in vivo zebrafish model. Compounds <b>1</b> − <b>3</b> were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography combined with semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of <b>1 − 3</b> were elucidated by UV, HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic analysis, optical rotation, and computational chemical calculations. Our pharmacological study showed that compounds <b>1 − 3</b> exhibited notable reductions in seizure-like locomotor activity at 5 μg/mL. The qPCR analysis showed that compounds <b>1 − 3</b> significantly regulated the mRNA expression levels of <i>c-fos</i> and genes associated with GABAergic-glutamatergic signaling, including <i>gria1b</i> and <i>gat1</i>. The molecular docking revealed that compounds <b>1 − 3</b> strongly binding to 4-aminobutyric acid transaminase, with binding energies of − 7.3, − 7.8, and − 7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. This work enriches bioactive drug discovery to treat epilepsy and illustrates an underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanism of these natural <i>α</i>-pyrones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Biased Gene Expression of RNAi Pathway Components in the Sea Lice Caligus rogercresseyi","authors":"Alexandra Brante,&nbsp;Paulina Bustos,&nbsp;Paulina Schmitt,&nbsp;Rodolfo Farlora","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10463-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10463-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation and a critical process of arthropod immunity. This study investigates RNAi-associated genes in <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i>, an ectoparasitic sea louse that poses significant challenges to salmon aquaculture. In that regard, 16 RNAi-associated genes were identified by in silico analysis, including <i>Cr-AGO1</i>, <i>Cr-CNOT1</i>, <i>Cr-DCR</i>, <i>Cr-SND1</i>, and <i>Cr-XRN1</i>. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering with homologous sequences from other arthropods, particularly the ectoparasitic copepod <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>. RNA-Seq analyses revealed developmentally regulated expression patterns, with RNAi-associated genes clustered into four distinct expression profiles. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation confirmed significant male-biased expression for several key genes, including <i>Cr-AGO1</i> (109-fold increase), <i>Cr-DCR</i> (22-fold), <i>Cr-XRN1</i> (22-fold), <i>Cr-SND1</i> (fourfold), and <i>Cr-CNOT1</i> (threefold), suggesting potential roles in male reproductive processes such as spermatogenesis. <i>Cr-DDX6</i>, <i>Cr-Drosha</i>, and <i>Cr-XPO5</i>, potentially involved in oocyte development and RNA transport, exhibited female-biased expression. These results provide new insights into RNAi-associated gene expression in <i>C. rogercresseyi</i>, uncovering significant developmental and sex-biased expression patterns. Characterizing these critical genes establishes a foundation for exploring control strategies based on the RNAi process, targeting sex-biased and developmentally essential genes. Such treatments could reduce reproductive success in sea lice while minimizing environmental impact, offering a sustainable alternative for managing caligidosis in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Responsive to Nutrient Level Changes in the Marine Red Alga Pyropia yezoensis (Nori)","authors":"Motoshige Yasuike,&nbsp;Natsuki Hasegawa,&nbsp;Yoji Nakamura,&nbsp;Yuki Hongo,&nbsp;Youhei Fukui,&nbsp;Mahiko Abe,&nbsp;Noboru Murase","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10461-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10461-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cultivation of the red alga <i>Pyropia</i> (nori) is among the most significant aquaculture industries in East Asia. Nutrient deficiency-induced “discoloration” poses a serious threat to the industry, substantially impacting both harvest quality and production levels. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) of <i>P. yezoensis</i> to gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological responses to nutrient limitation that lead to discoloration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis estimated that under nutrient-rich conditions, pathways involved in photosynthesis (carbon fixation) and respiration (tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle and glycolysis) are more activated. In contrast, under nutrient-deficient conditions, upregulation of genes related to the uptake of external substances and stress response was observed. Additionally, seven genes (<i>ant1-2</i>, <i>pup</i>, <i>drg2</i>, <i>ankrd</i>, <i>bckdha</i>, <i>lhcb</i>, and an unknown gene) identified from the RNA-Seq results as potential discoloration markers were successfully validated through RT-qPCR analysis. The fundamental molecular insights into discoloration in <i>P. yezoensis</i> provided by this study will aid in developing future discoloration prediction methods and breeding discoloration-resistant <i>Pyropia</i> varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Key Biomarkers of Growth-Related Traits in the Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians irradians via Multi-omics Analysis Strategies","authors":"Bingyu Ning,&nbsp;Chengda Li,&nbsp;Tanjun Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Zou,&nbsp;Yaoyao Zhan,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10457-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10457-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an attempt to promote and advance molecular-assisted selective breeding of shellfish, in this study, gills from selected (shell color as the marker trait and growth performance as the target trait) and unselected <i>Argopecten irradians irradians</i> were sampled. 2b-restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, genome-wide association study, comparative transcriptome, comparative small RNA transcriptome, miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were used to identify candidate SNPs, mRNAs, miRNAs, and miRNA/mRNA pairs with potential selective breeding value at a genomic scale in <i>A. irradians irradians</i>. The results revealed that a total of 6 significant SNPs were correlated closely with at least two examined growth-related traits. In addition, a total of 10 mRNAs and 7 miRNAs were identified to have positive correlations with shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight, and shell color. These candidate mRNAs and miRNAs may form 11 miRNA-mRNA pairs, which have great potential for developing molecular markers for molecular-assisted selective breeding of <i>A. irradians irradians</i>. The findings of this study will benefit the development of molecular-assisted breeding techniques in bay scallop aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Digester Effluent from Methane Fermentation to the Cultivation of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea Promotes the Accumulation of Photosynthetic Pigments","authors":"Akiko Inoue,&nbsp;Nobuko Nishikawa,&nbsp;Yuji Suzuki,&nbsp;Shinobu Hosoda,&nbsp;Yasushi Iwata,&nbsp;Kohei Yoneda,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Maeda,&nbsp;Iwane Suzuki","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10460-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10460-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microalgae attract attention by producing useful compounds, such as fatty acids, pigments, and biofuels, from CO₂ via photosynthesis. This process requires not only CO₂ but also water and micro- and minor nutrients. Applying seawater and marine microalgae, especially for large-scale industrial production, reduces the cost of acquiring large amounts of water for cultivation. However, the concentrations of combined nitrogen and certain metal ions, such as Fe, in the seawater are lower than in the general culture media for microalgae. We applied digester effluent from the methane fermentation as the source of these nutrients. In this study, we evaluated the application of digester effluent for cultivating a haptophyte, <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i>. At first, we confirmed the algal cells could grow by ammonium as a sole nitrogen source because ammonium was abundantly contained in the digester effluent. Then, we applied the digester effluent as a source of nutrients and found that the optimum growth was obtained when digester effluent was supplied at 2.8% (v/v) in artificial seawater. Surprisingly, the cells in this condition had increased photosynthetic pigment contents such as fucoxanthin and chlorophyll compared to those in the standard culture conditions. We surveyed ingredients in the digester effluent that could potentially increase pigment accumulation and found that iron was a critical nutrient that caused the accumulation of pigments. These findings might provide valuable information for applying digester effluent to cultivate microalgae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Changes Drives the Transcriptome and Gene Regulation Plasticity During Sea Lice Infestation","authors":"Antonio Casuso,&nbsp;Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz,&nbsp;Constanza Sáez-Vera,&nbsp;Cristian Gallardo-Escárate","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10459-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10459-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sea louse, <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i>, is one of the main concerns in the Chilean salmon industry. The free-living copepodid stage can recognize the host and initiate the parasitic phase, where environmental factors can shape the host recognition process. This study aimed to explore the ecological influence on the transcriptome of copepodids infesting Atlantic salmon experimentally exposed to different salinity and temperature (S/T) conditions. Herein, 200 salmon were infested with 35 copepodids per fish previously acclimatized to four S/T treatments: 32 and 26 PSU; 8 and 16°C. After 48 h of infestation, the attached copepodids from each experimental group were counted and digitalized for geometric morphometric analysis. Copepodids were then collected for RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptome modulation and gene regulation. Morphological changes in copepodids were mainly associated with temperature rather than salinity conditions. The transcriptome survey revealed molecular signatures related to salinity and temperature changes, where salinity drives the gene expression of copepodids. Notably, specific genes, such as those encoding cuticle proteins and trypsin-like kinases, were regulated by all three post-transcriptional mechanisms assessed: alternative splicing, miRNA, and gene fusion. The transcriptome analysis revealed that trypsin-like kinase genes exhibited upregulation and downregulation across the various S/T conditions. In contrast, cuticle protein genes were consistently downregulated in the 32 PSU/8°C, 26 PSU/8°C, and 26 PSU/16°C groups compared to the 32 PSU/16°C control. This suggests that the three post-transcriptional mechanisms may exert a combined influence on the expression of specific genes, potentially driven by salinity and temperature environmental conditions in sea lice biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}