Marine Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Genome Size and Karyotype of the Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor)","authors":"Stefano Peruzzi,&nbsp;Laura Ghigliotti,&nbsp;Terese Vollstad-Giæver,&nbsp;Atle Foss","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10586-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10586-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we report the genome size and karyotype of the spotted wolffish (<i>Anarhichas minor</i>), a species classified at risk in Canada and not commonly the target of directed commercial fisheries elsewhere but increasingly significant for aquaculture. Despite the scientific and commercial interest, there is a lack of cytogenetic and genomic information about this species. Flow cytometric analysis determined an average haploid nuclear DNA content of 0.68 pg (665 Mb), with no significant differences observed between male and female fish. Karyotyping revealed a diploid number (2n) of 48 chromosomes, predominantly consisting of two-armed chromosomes, with no evidence of sex-linked chromosomal heteromorphism. These findings provide critical baseline data for interpreting and validating genome sequencing efforts and lay the groundwork for further cytogenetic studies of <i>A. minor</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-026-10586-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Regulation Links Bacterial Signaling to Growth and Reproductive Development in the Green Macroalga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta)","authors":"Janine F. M. Otto,&nbsp;Hermann Holbl,&nbsp;Nico Ueberschaar,&nbsp;Georg Pohnert,&nbsp;Thomas Wichard","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10595-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10595-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid<b>)</b> methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and developmental transitions in eukaryotes. Interestingly, algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting bacteria can reduce global DNA methylation levels in the green seaweed <i>Ulva</i> (Chlorophyta), highlighting DNA methylation as a dynamic and environmentally responsive epigenetic mechanism in marine macroalgae. We hypothesized that DNA methylation serves as a rapid and essential epigenetic regulatory mechanism during gametogenesis in the model organism <i>Ulva compressa</i> (cultivar <i>U. mutabilis</i> slender). We further propose that this process is controlled by sporulation inhibitors - extracellular compounds long known to regulate reproduction in <i>Ulva</i>, yet whose molecular mode of action has remained elusive. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS), we quantified global levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and <i>N</i>6-methyladenine (6mA) across defined life-cycle stages of <i>Ulva</i>, including gametogenesis induction and gamete release. We observed a rapid and pronounced increase in 5mC immediately following removal of sporulation inhibitors, consistent with active epigenetic reprogramming. In contrast, 6mA was detected only in mature thallus (vegetative tissue of macroalgae) and gametes, and not throughout gametogenesis, indicating a distinct yet minor role for this DNA modification in <i>Ulva</i> development. Re-addition of sporulation inhibitors prevented both gametogenesis and the characteristic methylation dynamics, indicating that these not-yet-characterized inhibitors act as epigenetic modulators. Together, our findings identify DNA methylation as a key regulatory layer linking bacterial cues, sporulation control, and reproductive development in <i>Ulva</i>, with direct implications for the epigenetic management of growth and reproduction in marine algal biotechnology.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10126-026-10595-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of A Method for the Detection of the Genus Prorocentrum, A Dinoflagellate Present in Harmful Algae Blooms (habs) in San Jorge Antofagasta Bay by Digital Droplet Pcr (ddPCR)","authors":"Henry Cameron,&nbsp;Diana Fernández,&nbsp;Carlos Riquelme,&nbsp;Hernán Vera-Villalobos","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10575-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10575-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The recent surge in algal blooms, known as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), poses significant ecological and economic challenges globally. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on regular coastal surveillance to promptly identify HAB species and mitigate or minimize their adverse effects. The integration of molecular techniques alongside traditional microscopy-based methods has emerged as a promising approach for coastal monitoring. However, the availability of such data is currently limited to a select group of species. In response to these obstacles, a novel protocol has been devised for the differentiation of dinoflagellates belonging to the genus <i>Prorocentrum</i> using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in both laboratory (Ls) and environmental (Es) samples. This study employed ddPCR technology to quantify the 18 S rRNA gene copies per cell, ranging from 1 to 100 cells, by implementing capillary pipetting isolation procedure specifically for Prorocentrum <i>triestinum</i> species. A strong positive correlation of (r² = 0.9923) was observed during the quantification of 18 S rRNA gene copies in <i>P</i>. <i>triestinum</i> cells. The copies per cell of <i>P</i>. <i>triestinum</i> determined through ddPCR for both Ls and Es samples were found to be approximately 2000 ± 176 and 1862 ± 136, respectively. This research effectively demostrated the development of primers for identifying the <i>Prorocentrum</i> genus and the precise quantification of 18 S rRNA copies within <i>Prorocentrum triestinum</i> cells using ddPCR technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilution-Derived Growth Lag and Photosynthetic Responses in the Oleaginous Diatom Fistulifera solaris","authors":"Haruka Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Nishimura,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Tanaka,&nbsp;Ginga Shimakawa,&nbsp;Yusuke Matsuda","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10594-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10594-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Highly oil-accumulative diatoms such as <i>Fistulifera solaris</i> JPCC DA0580 are considered promising biomass resources for biofuel production. To achieve high oil yields from diatoms, it is essential to understand their physiological status in terms of growth and photosynthesis under industrial cultivation conditions. Here, we focused on the lag phase observed in <i>F. solaris</i> growth after dilution during large-scale outdoor cultivation, and sought to characterize this physiological event by reproducing it under laboratory conditions with two dilution ratios and two light intensities. When the culture was inoculated into fresh medium at an initial OD₇₃₀ of 0.03, no distinct lag phase was observed under either low or high light. In contrast, dilution to an initial OD₇₃₀ of 0.003 induced a pronounced lag phase lasting approximately 1 and 2 days under low and high light, respectively. Thus, a higher dilution ratio prominently extended the lag phase in <i>F. solaris</i>. At the growth stage after the late logarithmic phase, photosynthetic properties were largely similar between the high- and low-dilution cultures and were mainly influenced by growth light intensity. Decreased photosynthetic activity within a day after dilution suggested that the prolonged lag phase was mainly caused by high-light induced photodamage in diluted cells. These results indicate that large-scale outdoor cultivation of <i>F. solaris</i> could be more efficient when initiated with higher cell densities, especially under high light.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Formic Acid Supplementation Affects the Growth and Health Status and Alters the Gut Transcriptome and Microbiota in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Zelin Huang,&nbsp;Chuanbo Xiao,&nbsp;Xia Liu,&nbsp;Junwa Huang,&nbsp;Lv Song,&nbsp;Shenfu Zhao,&nbsp;Dan Yang,&nbsp;Hujun Gao,&nbsp;Zhenlin Ke,&nbsp;Yuxiao Li,&nbsp;Lihua Yang,&nbsp;Hua Ye,&nbsp;Huijun Yang,&nbsp;Hui Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10593-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10593-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the effects of dietary formic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic profiles of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Four isonitrogenous (52.67% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.31% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: control (CG, 0.00% formic acid), FA1 (0.2%), FA2 (0.6%), and FA3 (1.0%). A total of 480 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 17.31 ± 0.10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of three replicate tanks (30 fish per tank). The fish were fed these diets for 9 weeks. The results showed that dietary formic acid significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% formic acid significantly increased muscle and whole-body crude protein and lipid content, while improving mineral composition, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Digestive enzymes activity, including pepsin and lipase in stomach and trypsin, lipase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in intestine, was enhanced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, it elevated antioxidant activities (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px) and serum immune parameters (LZM, ACP, and AKP activities, as well as TP and GLB contents) in <i>M. salmoides</i>. In terms of intestinal microorganisms, it was revealed that exogenous formic acid significantly changed intestinal microbial composition: decreased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as <i>Plesiomonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); and increased the abundance of probiotics such as <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, and <i>Cetobacterium</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the abundance of microbial functions related to nutrient metabolism increased significantly in FA1 group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with CG group fish, both the most up-regulated DEGs and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to the cell cycle, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that exogenous formic acid influences host intestinal gene expression and the structure of the gut microbiota, and contributes to digestion and absorption capacity and health in <i>M. salmoides</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low Salinity Stress on the Survival and Osmotic Regulation of two Sizes of Juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii","authors":"Zhichang Yuan,&nbsp;Yiming Li,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Pengcheng Gao,&nbsp;Chaofeng Jia,&nbsp;Qian Meng,&nbsp;Dan Guo,&nbsp;Zongli Yao,&nbsp;Qifang Lai","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10589-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10589-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we investigated the effects of acute low-salt stress on the survival, plasma osmolality, blood ion concentration, and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities of two sizes of black sea bream (<i>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</i>). The acute toxicity test revealed a significant difference in the 96 h semi-lethal salinity between 5 cm (0.264) and 10 cm (1.096) juveniles of <i>A. schlegelii</i>. However, no significant difference was observed in the safe salinity values between the two groups. Analysis of plasma osmotic pressure and blood ion concentrations showed an overall trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and finally stabilizing. Under environmental stress at salinities of 1, 3, 5, and 10‰, the plasma osmotic pressure of 5 and 10 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i> stabilized after 12 h and 24 h for all salinities, respectively, with isosmotic points of 11.48 and 11.66. For 5 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i>, blood Na⁺ stabilized after 24 h and Cl^– stabilized after 12 h for all salinities, and Ca²⁺ stabilized after 24 h, respectively. In contrast, for 10 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i>, blood Na⁺ stabilized after 48 h, Cl^– stabilized after 48 h, respectively, and Ca²⁺ stabilized after 48 h, respectively. These results demonstrate that 5 cm juveniles achieved osmotic and ionic equilibrium significantly faster than 10 cm fish, facilitating rapid ion homeostasis. The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gills and kidneys generally exhibited a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and finally stabilizing. The enzyme activity trend in the intestine showed the opposite pattern, and its Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity increased under low-salinity conditions. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in the gills, kidneys, and intestines of 5 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i> reached equilibrium faster than those of 10 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i>. In conclusion, 5 cm juvenile <i>A. schlegelii</i> exhibited superior low-salinity tolerance, accelerated osmoregulatory responses, and enhanced adaptation efficiency compared to 10 cm <i>A. schlegelii</i>. Practically, for low-salinity culture (≤ 3‰) or rapid transfer scenarios, stocking smaller juveniles (around 5 cm) or implementing a longer stepwise acclimation for larger juveniles is recommended to reduce acute mortality and shorten the time to osmotic stabilization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toll-like Receptor 3 is Required for Sensing Extracellular Double Stranded RNA in Salmonid Cells","authors":"Bertrand Collet,&nbsp;Catherine Collins,&nbsp;Mathilde Peruzzi,&nbsp;Justine Catherine-Mezeray,&nbsp;Stephanie DeWitte-Orr,&nbsp;Alexander Rebl,&nbsp;Pierre Boudinot","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10590-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10590-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The membrane-bound toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) binds to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived from viruses, as well as poly(I: C), its synthetic analogue. Upon dsRNA binding, TRIF is recruited to the TLR3 dimer and leads to the activation of the transcription factor complex NF-κB/IRF which induces the production of type I interferons. CHSE-214 is an epithelioid cell line initially isolated from Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> embryos and is extensively used in diagnostics of viral diseases in fish. Unlike other available salmonid fish cell lines, CHSE-214 has been found unable to respond to extra cellular poly(I: C). This deficiency also extends to the CHSE-214 -derived recombinant cell line CHSE-EC which express GFP stably. In the present study, we demonstrate that the <i>tlr3</i> gene as well as 70% of the chromosome 34 on which it is located is missing from the CHSE-EC genome. Extracellular dsRNA responsiveness could be restored by stable transfection with a <i>tlr3</i>-expressing plasmid in a novel clonal cell line, TLR3-Pur-C4. This cell line responds to low and high molecular weight poly(I: C) in a dose-response manner. Using genome editing for loss of function, we demonstrate that the TLR3 poly(I: C) signalling is TRIF-dependent and MYD88-independent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Carbohydrate Feeding Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Dysfunction in Red Seabream (Pagrus major) after Skin Wounding","authors":"Zhichu Chen,&nbsp;Yuanting Li,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Fang,&nbsp;Dong Huang,&nbsp;M. Ángeles Esteban,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10591-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10591-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the impact of a high-carbohydrate diet on the response to skin wounding in red seabream (<i>Pagrus major</i>), with a focus on oxidative stress and intestinal health. Triplicate groups of fish (<i>n</i> = 40 per tank) were fed either a control diet (CC, 15% carbohydrate) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 25% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks, followed by a standardized skin-wounding challenge. The HC diet induced hyperglycemia, increased hepatic oxidative stress, and caused intestinal impairments before wounding. These effects were significantly exacerbated after skin wounding. Compared with the CC group, HC-fed fish showed significantly lower activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, together with further elevations in oxidative damage. In the intestine, the HC diet caused pronounced downregulation of antioxidant genes and mucins, accompanied by a reduction in mucous goblet cells. The impaired mucin layer, associated with reduced polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13 expression, together with the downregulation of perforin 1 and antimicrobial peptides, facilitated increased bacterial invasion of the intestinal mucosa. The HC diet further compromised intestinal integrity by reducing the expression of tight junction protein 2 alpha and 3, as well as increasing intestinal permeability, as indicated by elevated serum diamine oxidase levels. In conclusion, a high-carbohydrate diet exacerbates skin wound-induced oxidative stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction by impairing antioxidant defense, mucin synthesis, antimicrobial protection, and tight junction integrity. These changes ultimately reduce survival and highlight the negative impact of excessive dietary carbohydrate on the ability of carnivorous fish to cope with physical stress.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147288778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-omics Atlas of Gonadal Sex Differences and Characterization of the dmrt1 Gene in Gymnocypris Eckloni Herzenstein","authors":"Luo Lei,&nbsp;Yinhua Zhou,&nbsp;Qing Liu,&nbsp;Hejiao Li,&nbsp;Wuga Sha,&nbsp;Chaoyang Li,&nbsp;Suxing Fu,&nbsp;Yuting Duan,&nbsp;Rongrong Liao,&nbsp;Can Liu,&nbsp;Dapeng Gu,&nbsp;Linzhen Li,&nbsp;Haiping Liu,&nbsp;Chaowei Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10126-025-10541-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-025-10541-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Gymnocypris eckloni Herzenstein</i> (<i>G. eckloni</i>), an economically important species within the subfamily Schizothoracinae, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, rendering all-female aquaculture highly profitable. However, the molecular mechanisms governing sex regulation in this species remain poorly understood. This study employed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of mature male and female gonads to uncover sex-related differences in <i>G. eckloni</i>. Metabolomic profiling in both positive (POS) and negative (NEG) ion modes revealed distinct metabolite profiles, identifying 204 and 261 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), respectively. These DEMs were enriched in key pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism (POS) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (NEG). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 18,687 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including prominent sex-related genes such as <i>dmrt1</i>,<i> foxl2</i>, and <i>sox9b</i>. Integrated KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs and DEMs highlighted shared pathways, including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action. Among the DEGs, we focused on “<i>dmrt1</i>”, a gene widely associated with male gonad development in vertebrates. Our analysis revealed that its coding sequence (CDS) is 780 bp, encoding 260 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic and structural analyses confirmed the evolutionary conservation of <i>dmrt1</i> among teleosts. qRT-PCR results indicated significantly higher dmrt1 expression in testes compared to other tissues (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Chemical in situ hybridization (CISH) localized dmrt1 mRNA primarily to spermatogonia. Hormonal treatments revealed that <i>dmrt1</i> expression was significantly upregulated in both female and male gonads following methyltestosterone (MT) injection, peaking at 24 h (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas estradiol (E2) treatment led to downregulation. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-related biology in <i>G. eckloni</i>, providing valuable insights for potential sex control strategies in aquaculture and advancing sex differentiation studies in Schizothoracinae fishes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Development in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)","authors":"Jing Yang,&nbsp;Chengtian Li,&nbsp;Jianshuang Li,&nbsp;Xuanhan Zhang,&nbsp;Chenpeng Zuo,&nbsp;Haishen Wen,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Xin Qi","doi":"10.1007/s10126-026-10588-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10126-026-10588-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a conserved member of the insulin superfamily, playing essential roles in growth and skeletal muscle development in vertebrates. However, its molecular functions in marine teleosts remain largely unexplored. In this study, we cloned and characterized the <i>igf2</i> gene from the spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>), a commercially important aquaculture species. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the IGF2 protein contains conserved structural domains and forms a phylogenetically clade with teleost IGF2b sequences. Tissue expression profiling and in situ hybridization confirmed strong hepatic expression of <i>igf2</i>, with localized cytoplasmic signals in hepatocytes. In skeletal muscle, expression analyses further indicated differential expression patterns among IGF receptors, with <i>igf1ra</i> transcripts prominently localized to the subsarcolemmal region of muscle fibers. To assess its function, recombinant IGF2 (rIGF2) was expressed and purified in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Functional assays demonstrated that rIGF2 significantly enhanced myoblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by EdU incorporation and CCK-8 assays. Furthermore, rIGF2 promoted myotube formation and upregulated the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (<i>myod</i>, <i>myog</i>) and mitochondrial dynamics-related genes (<i>mfn1b</i>, <i>mfn2</i>, <i>opa1</i>, and <i>fis1</i>), suggesting a role in both differentiation and mitochondrial remodeling. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into IGF2 function in teleost skeletal muscle development and offer a molecular basis for future studies on growth regulation and selective breeding in marine aquaculture species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":690,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biotechnology","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}