Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Structural Phase State and Morphology of Composites Based on Magnesium Hydride and Nanoscale Nickel Powder Obtained by the Electrical Wire Explosion Method","authors":"E. S. Leonova,&nbsp;A. V. Mostovshchikov,&nbsp;V. N. Kudiyarov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024702173","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024702173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides is one of the most promising methods at present. Magnesium and its hydride, possessing high hydrogen capacity with high prevalence in the Earth’s crust, are considered the most suitable materials for hydrogen storage However, the disadvantage of magnesium hydride is its high operating temperature and slow sorption and desorption reactions. Thus, high energy must be applied to extract hydrogen from magnesium hydride. The temperature and energy of hydrogen desorption can be reduced by using catalytic additives. In this work, a nanosized nickel powder, first obtained by the method of electrical explosion of wires, was used as a catalytic additive. A composite based on magnesium hydride and nanoscale nickel powder synthesized in a planetary ball mill was considered the material under study. The amount of the added nanoscale nickel powder was 1–15 wt %. The synthesis of composites was carried out at a drum rotation frequency of 900 rpm and a duration of 120 min. The regularities of influence of synthesis parameters and composition of composites on their morphology and structural phase state were established.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S275 - S279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of E110 Zirconium Alloy with a Chromium Coating","authors":"V. N. Kudiarov,&nbsp;A. D. Lomygin,&nbsp;D. V. Sidelev,&nbsp;M. A. Kruglyakov","doi":"10.1134/S102745102470215X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102745102470215X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the gas-phase hydrogenation of E110 zirconium alloy, both with and without chromium coatings of various morphologies and thicknesses in the range of 2.7–9.4 μm. Chromium coatings are deposited using two different configurations of magnetron-sputtering systems with cooled and “hot” chromium targets in an argon atmosphere. The samples are hydrogenated at a temperature of 360°C at a hydrogen pressure of 2 atm for 60 min. Based on the hydrogen absorption curves, optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, the results demonstrate a significant decrease in hydrogen penetration into the zirconium alloy when the surface is coated with chromium. The hydrogen absorption rate can decrease from 2 × 10^–3 to 4 × 10^–4 cm³(H₂)/(s cm²) when a chromium coating is applied to the surface of the E110 alloy. Hydrogen penetration through the chromium coating occurs via the diffusion mechanism with the accumulation of absorbed hydrogen observed at the coating–alloy interface. Adhesion testing of the Cr-coated alloy using an adhesion meter reveals that both types of coatings exhibit high adhesion strength against delamination and peeling (over 30 N) both before and after hydrogenation. The primary mechanism for the loss of coating integrity involves the formation of cracks in the Cr coatings. The critical load required to initiate cracking increases after sample hydrogenation.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S262 - S268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Changes in the Degree of Crystallinity and Amorphism of MA-41P and MK-40 Membranes","authors":"S. I. Lazarev,&nbsp;I. V. Khorokhorina,&nbsp;O. S. Filimonova,&nbsp;M. I. Mikhailin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024702094","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024702094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents data from the X-ray diffraction analysis of air-dried, water-saturated, and working samples of MA-41P and MK-40 membranes, obtained during the electrodeionization separation of technological solutions from electroplating processes containing metal ions. The analysis reveals a decrease in the crystallinity of the membrane samples after water saturation and during operation, which affects the electrodeionization process of separating technological solutions from electroplating processes containing metal ions. The diffraction patterns are analyzed for peak band intensities. A decrease in the peak intensity on the diffraction patterns of the working membrane samples, compared to the air-dried samples, indicates a structural change in the water within the membrane, where molecular water transitions to weakly bound “liquid water.”</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S220 - S225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrology of the Shape of Large-Size and Aspherical X-ray Mirrors with Subnanometer Accuracy","authors":"E. V. Petrakov,&nbsp;E. I. Glushkov,&nbsp;A. K. Chernyshev,&nbsp;N. I. Chkhalo","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701878","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is devoted to the problems of metrology of high-precision X-ray mirrors. Approaches to the metrology of the shapes of flat and aspherical X-ray mirrors with the aim of achieving subnanometer accuracy are proposed. Algorithms for reconstructing X-ray mirrors with dimensions exceeding the interferometer aperture are given, and these are also applicable to aspherical mirrors where it is possible to decipher only part of the interferograms. Creating X-ray mirrors with subnanometer RMS error accuracy presents a number of difficulties, one of which is caused by the rings resulting from diffraction of the reference and working fronts during propagation through defects in the optical elements of the interferometer. The optimal approach for removing such rings is filtering of the interferometric data. In the course of the study, we considered both classical smoothing and, quite novel, filtering methods, applicable not only for processing interferometric data images, but also to microelectronic images, and for use with computed tomography. As well as these filters, we implemented our own filter based on Fourier filtering, using some specific parameters of frequency sampling, during which certain of the amplitudes decreased, while others remained unchanged. In addition to diffraction rings, when working to subnanometer accuracy, an error of the reference front occurs. As, the measurement methodology in our case is based on the presence of 1 interferometer with 1 reference surface, therefore, under these conditions, we based the problem on the condition of error asymmetry in the measurement zone, thus we proposed a mathematical model that allowed us to describe the behavior of the mirror in this zone. In addition, to avoid overloading the operating system, we used the methods of linear matrix inequalities to solve the optimization problem, since, in this case we would have to make an initial approximation, and then look for matrix derivatives for each value.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S58 - S68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Surface Properties of PVDF-Based Nanocomposites on the Viability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"V. N. Antipova,&nbsp;V. V. Savin,&nbsp;P. A. Ershov,&nbsp;D. K. Turusheva,&nbsp;P. A. Vorontsov,&nbsp;L. V. Panina,&nbsp;E. V. Levada,&nbsp;V. V. Rodionova","doi":"10.1134/S102745102470201X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102745102470201X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, composite films made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with 10% mass content of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were fabricated using 3D printing technology. The structural and surface characteristics of the obtained composites were investigated, their biocompatibility was evaluated, and a comparative analysis of the properties of the investigated films and those produced by the Dr. Blade method was presented. It was experimentally established that plasma modification of the printed films surface, combined with microtopography obtained in the process of printing the composite on the printing table, the surface of which is made by the PEI Coating technology, promotes the formation of biocompatible hydrophilic surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S166 - S173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining Metal-Matrix Composites of Chromium Matrix–Nanodiamond Particles Using Mechanical Alloying","authors":"V. A. Popov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024702021","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024702021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work is devoted to the study of some aspects of the formation of metal-matrix composites with a chromium matrix and nanodiamond reinforcing particles and determination of their working temperature in the case where nanodiamond agglomerates are significantly crushed. Methods for producing composite materials with the chromium matrix and nanodiamond reinforcing particles have been developed. Thermal analysis of the samples of the obtained composites has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry, and the phase composition of the material has been determined. Mechanical alloying has been used to form the composite material, which made it possible to significantly reduce the size of nanodiamond agglomerates. Reducing the size of carbon material particles to the nanolevel leads to a significant decrease in the temperature of the onset of chromium carbide synthesis, namely to 450–500°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S174 - S179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Influence of Mechanical Damage to an Interferometer Block on Its X-Ray Diffraction Pattern","authors":"H. R. Drmeyan,&nbsp;S. B. Dabagov,&nbsp;H. G. Margaryan,&nbsp;S. A. Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024070012","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024070012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S349 - S349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of SiAlCO Coatings by Thermal Anodic Evaporation of Al and Decomposition of Tetraethoxysilane in an Arc Discharge with a Sectional Anode","authors":"Y. A. Bruhanova,&nbsp;A. I. Menshakov,&nbsp;P. A. Skorynina","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701921","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the first time, SiAlCO polymer derived ceramic coatings were obtained by thermal anodic evaporation of aluminum in a low-pressure arc discharge vapor–gas medium Ar + O₂ + Al + tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). It is shown that a gas discharge system with a sectional anode functions stably in a chemically active medium in a wide range of discharge currents and partial pressures of reactive components. Plasma spectra have been studied by optical emission spectroscopy under conditions of metal evaporation and decomposition of the organosilicon precursor TEOS. The influence of the Al vapor flow, arc discharge current and fluxes of reactive components on the intensification of the decomposition of TEOS and O₂ dissociation is shown. This method provides both deep decomposition of the organosilicon precursor and a high degree of oxygen dissociation (up to 45%). Trial SiAlCO coatings with a homogeneous structure and good adhesion on a metal substrate with a thickness of 4.5–7 μm were obtained with a deposition rate of up to 5–7 μm/h, the hardness of SiAlCO coatings reached 10 GPa. The elemental composition and surface morphology of the coatings were studied using the SEM method, and the effect of deposition parameters on their chemical composition was also shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S100 - S105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the Electron Beam Current during the Pulse for Alloying the Surface of Stainless Steel with Titanium and Aluminum","authors":"D. A. Shpanov,&nbsp;P. V. Moskvin,&nbsp;E. A. Petrikova,&nbsp;Yu. F. Ivanov,&nbsp;M. S. Vorobyov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701970","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>By irradiating the the “film (Ti)/film (Al)/(12Kh18N10T) substrate” system with a low (up to 25 keV) electron beam modulated during a pulse (up to 1 ms), the wear rate of the steel surface was reduced by ≈1300 times at a constant high (0.6–0.73) dry coefficient friction and a slight change in the microhardness of the surface. The application of Ti and Al films with a thickness of 5 microns was carried out by the method of electric arc plasma-assisted sputtering of cathodes made of technically pure titanium grade VT1-0 and technically pure aluminum grade A7. The irradiation of the “film (Ti)/film (Al)/(12Kh18N10T) substrate” system is performed by an electron source with a plasma cathode. The irradiation modes were selected based on the results of numerical beam modeling in Comsol Multiphysics to ensure the fastest heating of the sample to the required temperatures and to maintain this temperature for a given time. Electron beam alloying of 12X18H10T steel with titanium and aluminum has not been studied before. The methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning and transmission diffraction electron microscopy were used to study the elemental and phase composition, the state of the defective substructure of samples irradiated with an electron beam in the identified optimal mode. The patterns of evolution of the defective substructure, phase and elemental composition, microhardness, wear resistance and coefficient of friction of the “film (Ti)/film (Al)/(12Kh18N10T) substrate” system subjected to electron beam processing have been revealed. Possible applications of this type of processing of steel parts for agriculture and mechanical engineering are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S136 - S145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Formation of Coatings Based on the Ti–Al–N System from Separated Flows of Cathode-Arc Plasma","authors":"S. D. Latushkina,&nbsp;O. I. Posylkina,&nbsp;V. A. Kukareko,&nbsp;A. V. Kushnerov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024702069","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024702069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of technological parameters of deposition from separated flows of cathode-arc plasma during simultaneous sputtering of metal cathodes of titanium and aluminum (arc discharge currents on the cathodes, bias potential on the substrate, and reaction gas pressure) on the elemental and phase composition, as well as the properties of coatings of the Ti–Al–N system, was studied. Varying the aluminum content in the multicomponent coating Al/(Al + Ti) from 13 to 67 at % by changing the discharge current of titanium and aluminum at a bias potential of –80 V leads to the evolution of the phase composition of the coatings from a homogeneous solid solution based on (Ti,Al)N to a mixture of phases TiN, AlN, and Ti₃AlN. Reducing the bias potential on the substrate to –60 V in the same aluminum concentration range results in the formation of coatings, which are characterized by a change in phase composition from a (Ti,Al)N solid solution to a two-phase solution based on (Ti,Al)N phases and hexagonal nitride Ti₃Al₂N₂. It has been shown that the maximum value of nanohardness of coatings, equal to 38 GPa, is observed when the hexagonal Ti₃Al₂N₂ phase (with the Al/(Al + Ti) ratio = 55 at %) is formed in their composition. An increase in the proportion of aluminum Al/(Al + Ti) in the coating to 67 at % leads to a decrease in their nanohardness to 12 GPa, which is due to both an increase in the proportion of aluminum in the coating and a change in its phase composition from the solid solution (Ti,Al) N to a mixture of TiN, AlN, and Ti₃AlN phases. It has been established that the best corrosion resistance is characterized by coatings with an aluminum content Al/(Al + Ti) from 28 to 45 at %, as evidenced by the low values of anodic dissolution currents at the positive values of corrosion potentials.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 1 supplement","pages":"S198 - S204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}