Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques最新文献_第10页

Effect of Radiation-Induced Defects in Gallium and Nitrogen Lattices on n-GaN Conductivity Compensation 镓和氮晶格中的辐射诱导缺陷对 n-GaN 传导性补偿的影响

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701568

V. V. Kozlovski, A. E. Vasil’ev, A. A. Lebedev, E. E. Zhurkin, M. E. Levinshtein, A. M. Strelchuk, D. A. Malevsky, A. V. Sakharov, A. E. Nikolaev

{"title":"Effect of Radiation-Induced Defects in Gallium and Nitrogen Lattices on n-GaN Conductivity Compensation","authors":"V. V. Kozlovski, A. E. Vasil’ev, A. A. Lebedev, E. E. Zhurkin, M. E. Levinshtein, A. M. Strelchuk, D. A. Malevsky, A. V. Sakharov, A. E. Nikolaev","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701568","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701568","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of radiation-induced defect formation in the gallium and nitrogen sublattices of gallium nitride is conducted under irradiation by 15-MeV protons and 0.9-MeV electrons. Numerical modeling using the SRIM software is performed for proton deceleration, while analytical calculations are applied for electrons. The analysis shows that, under proton irradiation, the total vacancy-generation rate in the gallium sublattice ηFP(Ga) is approximately 560 cm–1, while in the nitrogen sublattice, ηFP(N) is approximately 1340 cm–1. Detailed numerical calculations using the Full Cascade mode indicate that the vacancy-formation rate due to protons in the gallium sublattice is 110 cm–1, with an additional 450 cm–1 generated by cascade processes. In the nitrogen sublattice, this disparity is even more pronounced, with 60 cm–1 attributed to direct proton interaction and 1280 cm–1 to cascade processes. Under electron irradiation, the vacancy-generation rate in the gallium sublattice ηFP(Ga) is approximately 4.7 cm–1, while in the nitrogen sublattice, ηFP(N) is approximately 2.0 cm–1. For the experimental study of radiation-induced defects in n-GaN, which create deep levels and compensate for the material’s conductivity, the forward current–voltage characteristics of Schottky diodes based on n-GaN are recorded. The analysis demonstrates that the charge-carrier removal rates in n-GaN are 0.47 cm–1 under electron irradiation and 150 cm–1 under proton irradiation. A comparison of the calculated and experimental parameters of radiation-induced defect formation provides insights into the compensation mechanism and the radiation-induced defects responsible for this process.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1577 - 1581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Features of the Physical Properties of Film Structures Based on Tungsten Nanofilms with Various Phase Composition

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701180

A. V. Prokaznikov, R. V. Selyukov, V. A. Paporkov

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Structure, Phase Composition, and Surface Properties of R2M9 High-Speed Steel

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701301

Yu. F. Ivanov, V. E. Gromov, A. B. Yuryev, S. S. Minenko, A. P. Semin, A. S. Chapaikin

{"title":"Structure, Phase Composition, and Surface Properties of R2M9 High-Speed Steel","authors":"Yu. F. Ivanov, V. E. Gromov, A. B. Yuryev, S. S. Minenko, A. P. Semin, A. S. Chapaikin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701301","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701301","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma surfacing with a thickness of 4–5 mm (argon-plasma-forming gas) was carried out in a protective alloying atmosphere of nitrogen using a non-current-carrying filler flux-cored wire PP-R2M9. Using methods of modern physical materials science, the structural-phase states, microhardness, and tribological properties of surfacing high-speed steel R2M9 on medium-carbon steel 30KhGSA were studied. It has been established that the deposited layer is characterized by the presence of a carbide frame. The main phases of the deposited layer are a solid solution based on α-iron (63 wt %) and carbides of complex composition Me6C, Me23C6, and Me7C3 (34 wt %). The γ-iron based solid solution is present in a small amount (3 wt %). Carbides of the Me6C type, which are the main carbide phase, are localized at the boundaries and in the bulk of α-phase grains, while molybdenum carbide particles of the Mo2C composition are found only in the bulk of the grains. At the junctions of α-phase grains, plastic eutectic grains enriched in atoms of iron, molybdenum, tungsten, and carbon are observed. The microhardness of the deposited layer varies across the cross section from 6.6 to 5.2 GPa, the wear parameter is 1.5 × 10–5 mm3/(N m), the friction coefficient is 0.57, and the scalar density of randomly distributed dislocations is 7.6 × 1010 cm–2.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1395 - 1400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Electron-Beam Modification of Boride Diffusion Layers on the Surface of 45- and U10-Grade Steels 电子束修饰 45 级和 U10 级钢表面的硼化物扩散层

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S102745102470157X

S. A. Lysykh, P. V. Moskvin, M. S. Vorobyov, V. N. Kornopoltsev, U. L. Mishigdorzhiyn, Yu. P. Kharaev, A. S. Milonov

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Investigation of Marangoni Convection during Contactless Crystal Growth in Microgravity Conditions

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701507

A. E. Voloshin, E. B. Rudneva, V. L. Manomenova, A. I. Prostomolotov, N. A. Verezub

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Effect of Irradiation with a Pulsed Electron Beam on Chromium Diffusion in the Zr–1 wt % Nb Alloy 脉冲电子束辐照对 Zr-1 wt % Nb 合金中铬扩散的影响

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701386

E. N. Stepanova, G. P. Grabovetskaya, A. D. Teresov, M. A. Kruglyakov

{"title":"Effect of Irradiation with a Pulsed Electron Beam on Chromium Diffusion in the Zr–1 wt % Nb Alloy","authors":"E. N. Stepanova, G. P. Grabovetskaya, A. D. Teresov, M. A. Kruglyakov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701386","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701386","url":null,"abstract":"The diffusion of chromium from the surface was studied in a polycrystalline Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy under conditions of isothermal diffusion annealing and irradiation with a pulsed electron beam in the temperature range of (0.3–0.4) of the zirconium melting temperature using the high-frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry methods. It has been established that the deposition of a chromium film on the surface of the Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy by reactive magnetron sputtering of a target leads to the formation of a zone of mutual penetration of chromium and zirconium. In this case, the grain sizes, as well as the sizes and distribution of particles of the β-Nb phase in the Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy, do not change. Isothermal diffusion annealing and irradiation with a pulsed electron beam result in an increase in the width of the zone of mutual penetration of chromium and zirconium compared to the state after deposition of a chromium film on the alloy surface. A comparative assessment of the chromium diffusion parameter sDb (s is the segregation coefficient, and Db is the grain boundary diffusion coefficient) under conditions of isothermal diffusion annealing and irradiation with a pulsed electron beam using the Whipple-Le-Clair equation with a grain boundary width of 0.5 nm was carried out. It has been shown that under conditions of simultaneous exposure to temperature and irradiation with a pulsed electron beam the sDb parameter increases and the activation energy of grain-boundary diffusion of chromium in the Zr–1 wt % Nb alloy decreases in the near-surface layer of the alloy.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1443 - 1450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Program for the X-Ray Phase Analysis of Synchrotron Data 同步辐射数据 X 射线相位分析程序

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701416

P. S. Dubinin, A. N. Zaloga, I. S. Yakimov, O. E. Bezrukova, A. S. Samoilo, M. S. Syrtanov, A. N. Shmakov, A. D. Teresov, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Denisov

{"title":"Program for the X-Ray Phase Analysis of Synchrotron Data","authors":"P. S. Dubinin, A. N. Zaloga, I. S. Yakimov, O. E. Bezrukova, A. S. Samoilo, M. S. Syrtanov, A. N. Shmakov, A. D. Teresov, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Denisov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701416","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701416","url":null,"abstract":"A system of automated software and methodological support SPAAR XRD is developed to process sets of diffraction patterns obtained from synchrotron-radiation sources, enabling analysis of the phase composition and structural parameters of materials. This system incorporates a range of methods and software tools for both the 3D and 2D visualization of diffraction patterns, selection of informative patterns, cluster X‑ray phase identification, and multireflection quantitative X-ray phase analysis using the reference-intensity-ratio method. It also calculates the sizes of coherent-scattering regions employing the simplified Scherrer method. The paper presents results from using this system to analyze a series of diffraction patterns collected during two in situ experiments conducted with a vacuum electron–ion–plasma installation developed at the Tomsk Center of Competence in Beam-Plasma Engineering and Synchrotron Research, Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The study examines the high-temperature phase transition between the compounds YbaCo4O8.4 and YbaCo4O7 over the temperature range of 300–460°C. It also investigates the phase-formation process in multilayer Y–Al–O coatings, which are formed through the alternate deposition of Y and Al on a WC8 alloy substrate in an argon–oxygen environment at 350°C.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1466 - 1476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Oxidation and Etching of Thin Ruthenium Films in Low Ion Energy Oxygen Plasma 在低离子能量氧等离子体中氧化和蚀刻钌薄膜

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701258

I. I. Amirov, N. V. Alov, P. Yu. Sharanov, T. V. Rakhimova

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Experimental Study of the Photoelectron Spectra of Magnesium–Barium Alloy 镁钡合金光电子能谱的实验研究

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024701325

N. A. Nurmatov, R. A. Alimov, E. S. Ergashev

{"title":"Experimental Study of the Photoelectron Spectra of Magnesium–Barium Alloy","authors":"N. A. Nurmatov, R. A. Alimov, E. S. Ergashev","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701325","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701325","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium crystals and their alloys with barium are studied in a multifunctional ultra-high vacuum installation using Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy. Krypton and xenon resonance lamps are used as radiation sources in the vacuum-ultraviolet region. The energy distributions of photoelectrons N(E) and spectral dependences of the quantum yield of photoelectron emission before and after heating magnesium and magnesium–barium alloy are studied. The contribution of surface states and bands formed by magnesium and barium atoms is analyzed. As a result of comparing the photoelectron spectra of magnesium and magnesium–barium alloy obtained at hν = 8.4 and 10 eV, it is found that the electronic structure contains maxima at 0.6–0.7, 1.1–1.2, and 1.5–1.6 eV below the Fermi level caused by the density of electronic states of magnesium and barium. After annealing the magnesium–barium alloy with a volume concentration of barium atoms of 1% at a temperature of 350–400°C, the segregation and thermal diffusion of barium atoms in the alloy surface layers are observed. For the first time, the chemical shifts of the magnesium Auger peaks are established as the concentration of barium atoms in the alloy surface region increases. They are related to the formation of intermetallic compounds with different stoichiometric compositions. It is shown that in the photon-energy range of 5 eV, the quantum yield of photoelectron emission of the alloy is almost an order of magnitude greater than that of pure magnesium. The results are discussed on the basis of published theoretical calculations, in which the magnesium densities of states of magnesium–barium model structures are used.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1410 - 1414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Speed of Sound in Nanopowder Created by High-Energy Electron Beam 高能电子束产生的纳米粉末中的声速

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Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1027451024700939

B. Z. Garmaev, S. M. Bronnikova, I. A. Yuzhakov, K. V. Zobov, S. P. Bardakhanov, A. V. Nomoev

{"title":"The Speed of Sound in Nanopowder Created by High-Energy Electron Beam","authors":"B. Z. Garmaev, S. M. Bronnikova, I. A. Yuzhakov, K. V. Zobov, S. P. Bardakhanov, A. V. Nomoev","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024700939","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024700939","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to a technique for measuring the speed of sound when passing through a thick layer of “poured” nanopowder in an immersed state. A simple experimental setup is proposed consisting of two speakers and one microphone immersed in a container with a nanosized powder. The setup does not require calibration. Two indirect methods for determining speed in the nanopowder using two speakers and a microphone located at different distances from the speakers are shown. Experimental measurements are carried out in a silicon dioxide nanopowder with an average particle size of about 50 nm. It has been established that the speed of sound in this medium is less than that in gas and solid matter and is equal to 35 m/s. It has been shown that the speed of sound does not depend on the frequency of sound for frequencies up to 1600 Hz. A new hypothesis has been proposed that the nanopowder behaves like a new type of continuous medium, “heavy gas,” when a sound wave passes through it. The hypothesis allows one to apply formulas for determining the speed of sound in gas for this case. Based on experimental data, the adiabatic constant for the “heavy gas” is estimated. The proposed application of the effective medium approximation, such as the Hertz–Mindlin contact theory, to estimate the speed of sound in nanopowder shows that the nanoparticles are not in close contact with each other. This can be explained by the inapplicability of this theory to the case of “poured” nanopowder due to the packing of nanoparticles that differs from the theory.","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 5","pages":"1128 - 1134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0