Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Heat and Thermomagnetic Treatment Modes in the Formation of Strength Properties and Structure of Aluminum Alloy Al‒Li","authors":"Yu. V. Osinskaya,&nbsp;S. G. Magamedova","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700400","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To modify the structure and improve the physical and mechanical properties of metal alloys, various heat treatment methods are used, including artificial aging, which allows for significant changes in their physical and mechanical characteristics. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study of the influence of a constant magnetic field and heat treatment modes on the process of artificial aging of an Al‒Li aluminum alloy. The chemical composition of the alloy, the modes of thermal and thermomagnetic treatments, as well as the main experimentally observed patterns of changes in microhardness, the crystal lattice parameter, and the fine structure parameters of the aluminum alloy Al‒Li are described, subjected to aging for a period of 2 to 8 h at an aging temperature of 120°C, both in the presence of a constant magnetic field of 557.2 kA/m and without it. It has been established that a constant magnetic field has a significant effect on the kinetics of the alloy aging process, in particular, it has been shown that when exposed to a constant magnetic field, the average size of coherent scattering blocks tends to increase in value, while the dislocation density and the magnitude of relative microdeformation decrease, which indicates the formation of a more perfect crystal lattice structure. The results of X-ray studies confirm the correlation between the time dependences of fine structure parameters and microhardness, which corresponds to the classical laws of the aging process.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Organization of Size and Concentration Diversity in a Clustered Cu–NbTi Composite under Severe Plastic Torsional Deformation after Batch Hydroextrusion","authors":"Z. A. Samoylenko,&nbsp;N. N. Ivakhnenko,&nbsp;E. I. Pushenko,&nbsp;M. Yu. Badekin,&nbsp;T. V. Machneva","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700564","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Processes of self-organization and microstructure formation in a Cu–NbTi composite produced by batch hydrostatic extrusion were studied. Particular attention was paid to the effect of severe plastic deformation on structural transformations and the evolution of cluster formations in the material. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on a URS-55a setup using Cr<i>K</i>_α radiation, which made it possible to analyze in detail the distribution of scattered-radiation intensity and estimate the sizes of different cluster types. Several principal types of X-ray scattering reflecting the unique structural features of the material were identified: narrow Debye lines, diffuse coherent-scattering maxima, and diffuse bands (halo). Increasing deformation was shown to cause substantial structural changes in the material, including disruption of long-range atomic order, redistribution of ordering between different planes, and changes in cluster size. At certain deformation parameters, a stable structural state was achieved, characterized by the coexistence of two types of atomic groups with long-range atomic order and mesoscopic atomic order. The obtained results demonstrate complex transformation processes in both metallic phases (Cu, Nb, Ti) and intermetallic phases (Cu₃Ti₂, NbTi₄), providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation of the structure and properties of composite materials under intense plastic deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"192 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Conductivity and Magnetic Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Polymer Composites with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"D. N. Tonkov,&nbsp;V. E. Gasumyants,&nbsp;V. V. Romanov,&nbsp;N. I. Rul,&nbsp;N. A. Grozova,&nbsp;I. A. Kobykhno","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700552","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present study, we investigated the electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of polymer composites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Resistance measurements were carried out using the four-point probe method over a temperature range from 77 to 300 K under direct current. Magnetization measurements were performed using a Faraday Balance setup, built on the basis of the MGD 3 12 FG spectrometer, at room temperature in a magnetic field range from –5 to 5 kOe with a constant magnetic field step varying from 5 to 200 Oe using the Faraday method. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the reduced activation energy revealed that the main charge transport mechanism in the studied composites is hopping conductivity, following the “1/4 law” (Mott’s variable-range hopping mechanism). The observed percolation threshold in the studied composites is exceptionally low 0.04 wt %, which is an order of magnitude lower than that reported for similar composites in the literature. Magnetization measurements carried out in this work showed that the thermoplastic polyurethane matrix exhibits diamagnetic behavior, while the composite samples demonstrate weak ferromagnetism. This ferromagnetism is attributed to the presence of α-Fe₂O₃ impurities in the carbon nanotubes, distinguishing these composites significantly from previously known TPU/SWCNT-based polymer composites. It is likely that the abnormally low percolation threshold observed in our study may be due to strong internal magnetic fields within the investigated composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"188 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure of Deuterides Based on High-Entropy Alloys of the C14 Laves Phase Structure Type","authors":"S. A. Lushnikov,&nbsp;S. S. Agafonov,&nbsp;S. V. Mitrokhin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700631","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthesis of deuterides based on high-entropy alloys Ti_0.5Zr_0.5CrFeD_3.0, Ti_0.5Zr_0.5V_0.5Nb_0.5Fe_0.5Ni_0.5D_3.0, Ti_1.0Cr_1.1V_0.1Cu_0.1Mn_0.7D_2.8 and Ti_0.5Zr_0.5V_0.5Cr_0.5Fe_0.5Ni_0.5D_3.6 with the structure of the hexagonal Laves phase of the AB₂ C 14 composition at hydrogen pressure up to 0.2 MPa was carried out. Using neutron and X-ray diffraction methods, the structure of deuterides was studied. It was established that they retainthe structural type of the Laves C14 hexagonal phase of the initial compounds. The obtained diffraction data made it possible to determine the positions of metal and deuterium atoms and to clarify their positional parameters in the crystal lattice. It has found that deuterium atoms occupy positions 24l and 12k₂ and, to a lesser extent, positions 6h₁ and 6h₂. At the same time, the population of positions with deuterium depends on the chemical composition of the alloy. The distribution of deuterium atoms is consistent with the conditions of “blocking” the positions closest to those occupied by the deuterium atoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"246 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction as a Cause of the Spiral Magnetic Configuration of the Mn/Pt(332) Atomic Chain","authors":"E. S. Glazova,&nbsp;S. V. Kolesnikov,&nbsp;A. M. Saletsky","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700321","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atomic chains of manganese on the surface of Pt(332) are considered within a classical model. It is shown that the strong Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction leads to a spiral magnetic configuration. The ground-state structure of the chain depends on its length: short chains are nearly collinear, whereas long chains form a magnetic spiral. A level diagram is obtained, and the ground and metastable states are determined for chains containing 5 to 100 atoms. Energy barriers and frequency prefactors for magnetization reversal are evaluated. The lifetimes of the ground and metastable states at different temperatures are determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"28 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Silicon Nanostructures by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching and Electrochemical Etching Methods","authors":"S. A. Turchenik,&nbsp;S. A. Nefedov,&nbsp;D. A. Uslin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700369","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicon layers with a developed surface, porous silicon (PS) and silicon nanowires (SNW), were studied experimentally. Porous silicon was obtained by electrolytic etching, and nanowires were prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE). The structures were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The possibility of measuring X-ray diffraction parameters from a single-crystal sample using a powder attachment in conventional Bragg–Brentano focusing was demonstrated. Silicon structures obtained by the MACE method under the conditions considered correspond to the initial stage of nanowire formation. For porous silicon, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a dependence of physical broadening on the duration of electrochemical etching. All broadening curves exhibit a maximum at an etching time of 10 min. A further increase in etching time leads to partial surface improvement, manifested as a decrease in physical broadening. At low current density, this effect is less pronounced, whereas at higher values it becomes more significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"54 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Submillisecond Pulsed Electron Beam on the TiN Coating/Silumin Substrate System","authors":"O. V. Krysina,&nbsp;Yu. F. Ivanov,&nbsp;P. V. Moskvin,&nbsp;A. D. Teresov,&nbsp;N. A. Prokopenko","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700412","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Combined treatment of samples from silumin of eutectic composition was carried out, including preliminary electron beam treatment, deposition of a TiN coating with a thickness of 1 µm, and subsequent electron beam treatment. Measurements of the local surface temperature of the TiN coating/silumin substrate system during electron beam treatment and comprehensive studies of the mechanical and tribotechnical properties and structure of the system were carried out. Temperature dependences on the surface of the TiN coating/silumin substrate system were experimentally obtained during electron beam treatment, and basic temperature characteristics were established. It was revealed that the selected range under pulse exposure is characterized by an increase in the local temperature of the TiN coating/silumin substrate system during the pulse exceeding the melting point of silumin. The maximum surface temperature is achieved under short pulse exposure (τ = 50 μs) at <i>E</i>_<i>S</i> = 20 J/cm² and is equal to ≈ 2100°С, which exceeds the melting point of silumin by 3.5 times. The heating rates of the TiN coating/silumin substrate system are in the range of 2 × 10⁷‒3 × 10⁹ K/s for the selected range of parameters and are maximum at short-term exposure (50 μs) and maximum energy density (20 J/cm²). Such heating contributes to an increase in the adhesion of the coating/substrate system and relaxation of residual stresses in the coating. In the surface layer of silumin (≈50 μm), after ultrafast melting and cooling, a cellular structure is formed: aluminum-based crystallization cells (from 100 to 1000 nm) separate nanostructured silicon layers (silicon crystallite sizes ~1‒10 nm). The combined treatment of silumin of eutectic composition, depending on the electron beam treatment mode, leads to an increase in the hardness of the surface layer to 2.3 GPa, a significant increase in wear resistance (up to 1.2 × 10^–4 mm³/(N m)), and a decrease in the friction coefficient to 0.2.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"94 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatized System of Small-Sized Ion Accelerators Ion-Plasma Treatment","authors":"Yu. G. Trifonova,&nbsp;I. A. Kanshin,&nbsp;N. R. Laur","doi":"10.1134/S102745102670045X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102745102670045X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In work we observe the ion-plasma treatment method for increasing small-sized ion accelerators electrical strength. Program for automatic ion-plasma treatment carrying out is written. With the help of math modeling programs, we received treatment parameters. The applicability of used method for increase small-sized ion accelerators electrical strength is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defects in WS2: Computer Simulation of Size Effects","authors":"R. M. Latypov,&nbsp;S. A. Sozykin,&nbsp;V. P. Beskachko","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700357","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of size effects on the properties of a tungsten disulfide (WS₂) monolayer containing intrinsic and impurity defects of varying complexity (from monomers to trimers), potentially serving as single-photon sources in quantum information devices, was investigated using first-principles computation. The size effect here refers to the dependence of properties on the distance between defects, arising due to periodic boundary conditions applied in first-principles computation. This dependence provides insight into the degree of interaction between defects. The simplest case of neutral defects is considered, when there is no Coulomb interaction between them. In this case, the effects manifested themselves in the characteristics of the band structure (bandgap width, spectrum, and density of defect-induced electronic states in the bandgap) and the defect formation energy. The study was conducted based on density functional theory (DFT) using a plane-wave basis set (VASP package). It was established that defects can be considered noninteracting (isolated) if the distance between them is at least seven lattice translation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gigahertz Resonance Response and Functional Features during Photoexcitation of Chiral Metasurfaces and Metastructures with CdS, CdSe, GaAs, and Si","authors":"G. A. Kraftmakher,&nbsp;V. S. Butylkin,&nbsp;P. S. Fisher","doi":"10.1134/S1027451026700540","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451026700540","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transformations of the resonant responses of chiral metastructures and metasurfaces with semiconductor inclusions during photoexcitation were detected under free-space conditions in the 3–12 GHz range. Chains of planar electrically conductive chiral ring elements with gaps (metaatoms) loaded with CdS and CdSe inclusions were used. A smooth selective transformation of the corresponding resonant response in the spectrum of the gigahertz transmission coefficient without changes in the resonant responses of other elements depending on the geometry and type of metastructure occurs when the optical radiation power <i>P</i>_λ = 0–250 mW (λ = 0.97 μm) directed through an optical fiber into the region of a selected gap changes. Cylindrical samples based on chiral multi-turn copper spirals with semiconductor GaAs and Si cores acting as metadipoles (mini-resonators) were studied. The structures under study can be useful for applications in tunable filters and antennas and for rapid tests required for the development of new technologies and various semiconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"182 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}