Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Solar Electromagnetic Radiation on the Optical Properties of Micro-, Submicro- and Nanopowders of ZnO","authors":"I. V. Verkhoturova,&nbsp;V. V. Neshchimenko,&nbsp;M. M. Mikhailov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700235","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The diffuse reflection spectra of micro-, submicro- and nanopowders of ZnO after irradiation with solar electromagnetic radiation were studied. High-purity ZnO powders purchased from Aladdin Chemistry were used. Average particle sizes of the studied powders were from 800 to 3000 nm for micropowders, from 100 to 300 nm for submicropowders, and 20–50 nm for nanopowders. Irradiation of the powders under study with solar electromagnetic radiation was carried out for 2, 5, 10, and 15 h. The research results showed that the reflectivity of the surface of zinc oxide micropowders in the wavelength range from 200 to 2000 nm is higher than that of submicro- and nanopowders. The contribution to the formation of the integral absorption band responsible for the degradation of the optical properties of ZnO micro- and nanopowders is made by induced defects of the cationic sublattice and submicropowders, induced defects of the anionic sublattice, and acceptor-donor pairs. Approximately the same intensity of absorption bands of defects in ZnO submicropowders explains the small change in the integral absorption coefficient of solar radiation for this type of powder. This explains the higher radiation resistance of zinc oxide submicropowders to the action of solar spectrum quanta under the same irradiation conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"151 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Morphology of the Interface between the Coating and the Substrate on the Distribution of Thermoelastic Stresses in High-Speed Steels","authors":"S. A. Nevskii,&nbsp;L. P. Baschenko,&nbsp;V. E. Gromov,&nbsp;A. D. Filyakov,&nbsp;D. D. Mikhailov,&nbsp;A. S. Chapaikin,&nbsp;S. S. Minenko","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700168","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Finite element methods have solved the problem of the influence of the morphology of the interface between a coating made of high-speed steel S2-9-2 and a substrate made of structural steel 30HGSA on the distribution of thermoelastic stresses in the coating. It was solved in two stages. At the first stage, the behavior of stresses during cooling from a temperature of 1573 K to a temperature of 293 K was studied. At the second stage, after cooling, a static tensile load was applied to the coating surface. The morphology of the interface was determined using scanning electron microscopy data. It follows from them that the interface has a curved appearance and, in the first approximation, can be described by a harmonic function. It is shown that at the cooling stage the undulating interface between the coating and the substrate serves as the most effective barrier to crack formation, redistributing the areas of dangerous tensile forces into the substrate. The application of a tensile static load to the coating after cooling has shown that in the case of a rectilinear interface, when the value of the elastic modulus of the substrate (<i>E</i>_c) is an order of magnitude less than the elastic modulus of the coating (<i>E</i>_s), the coating separation from the substrate is observed. The plastic flow occurs mainly in the coating. The same situation is observed for a curved boundary with the only difference that it prevents separation. If <i>E</i>_s = 10<i>E</i>_c, then for a rectilinear boundary, plastic flow is observed both in the substrate and in the coating, and for a curved boundary, this process occurs mainly in the substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"99 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Electron Beam and Acid Treatment on the Topography of TZ-3YSB-E Ceramics","authors":"A. S. Klimov,&nbsp;A. V. Kazakov,&nbsp;L. I. Babak,&nbsp;I. Yu. Bakeev,&nbsp;E. M. Oks,&nbsp;A. E. Petrov,&nbsp;A. A. Zenin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700363","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the influence of electron-beam processing modes on the topology of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramics are presented. It is shown that pre-sintering of ceramics at 1100°C is necessary for the formation of topography with an acceptable level of surface roughness parameters. For pulse treatment, it is necessary to reduce the beam power in the pulse and energy density in the pulse to values not more than 320 kW/imp. and 21 <i>J</i>/cm² respectively in order to level the effect of sample darkening. Irradiation of ceramics with low-energy electron beams has shown the promising potential of this method for the creation of gene-activating topography.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"266 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Morphology of the Tungsten-Based Material of the First Wall of a Tokamak Divertor before and after Irradiation with Hydrogen Plasma","authors":"D. D. Polyakov,&nbsp;A. V. Voronin,&nbsp;A. V. Nashchekin,&nbsp;A. A. Levin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700302","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of studying the morphology and structure of the “Tungsten Metal Powder” brand plates (Spetsmetallmaster Group of Companies (SMM GC)) used as protective tiles in the lower divertor of the Globus-M tokamak and subjected to additional processing with the hydrogen plasma of a coaxial accelerator from distances of 50 and 260 mm at 5, 10, and 20 irradiation cycles are described. The morphology and elemental composition of the surface of the plates are determined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The structure of the irradiated surface layer of the plates at an X-ray penetration depth of up to ~1.4 μm is analyzed on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data using Williamson–Hall profile analysis and size-strain plot methods adapted to take into account the observed pseudo-Voigt type of XRD reflections. The crystal structure of this layer is refined using the Rietveld method. The asymmetry of tungsten reflections after plasma treatment is described by simulation with two (for samples irradiated from a distance of 260 mm) and three (for a distance of 50 mm) crystalline phases of W with the same cubic symmetry, but with a slightly different unit cell parameter and different values of the mean crystallite size and absolute mean value of the microstrain in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"198 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the Surface Structure of Carbon Materials under Ion Irradiation","authors":"L. B. Begrambekov,&nbsp;N. A. Puntakov,&nbsp;A. V. Grunin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study is devoted to the effect of high-intensity deuterium ion fluxes (on the order of 10²⁴ ions/(m² s)) on the surface of anisotropic carbon-based materials—pyrolytic graphite and a carbon composite containing fibers based on polyacrylonitrile with an “onion-skin” structure. It was shown that fragmentation of surface graphene layers during irradiation with high-intensity deuterium ion fluxes, along with the resulting compressive stresses, leads to the bending of the detached surface graphene layers and the formation of a system of hills. Upon further irradiation, the reverse process occurs: on the slopes of these hills, graphene layers parallel to the surface are formed, while at their peaks, crystals with layers also parallel to the surface appear. When the side surface of carbon fibers with an “onion-skin” structure is irradiated, transverse corrugations form perpendicular to the fiber axis if ions penetrating the surface induce compressive stresses, leading to fragmentation and bending of the near-surface layers, and if the degree of structural damage to the fiber is sufficient for repeated ion emission. Longitudinal folds parallel to the fiber axis are observed when, at a significant penetration depth of the irradiating ions, the stress maximum forms at a certain depth, while the damage to the surface layers is insufficient for the release of implanted ions. In this case, the surface deformation mechanism of the fiber is similar to that of blister formation. The ion irradiation of fiber ends leads to their protrusion above the matrix surface and the recrystallization of the exposed regions. The graphene planes of the resulting crystals are oriented perpendicular to the fiber axis. The results of this study indicate that, regardless of the original orientation of the graphene layers in the sample and the direction of the ion flux, the target undergoes sequential, mutually perpendicular transformations upon irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"46 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Nonuniform Thickness of a Dielectric Film along a Cathode Surface on Its Heating in a Glow Discharge","authors":"G. G. Bondarenko,&nbsp;M. R. Fisher,&nbsp;V. I. Kristya","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700119","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A model of a cathode layer in a gas glow discharge is formulated taking into account the presence of a dielectric film with varying thickness on the cathode across different areas of its surface, and in some areas, the film may be absent. The model includes ion–electron emission from the cathode surface, thermal-field electron emission from the cathode substrate into the film, and thermal electron emission from the areas of the cathode without a film. Upon heating the cathode, the emission efficiency of the film, the effective electron emission yield of the cathode, and the discharge current density decrease, as the electric-field intensity within the film decreases. This decrease in field strength limits the current density required to sustain the thermal-field electron emission from the cathode substrate into the film. Therefore, when a dielectric film covers the entire working surface of a cathode, the glow discharge does not transition to an arc discharge for a long time. However, if the film is absent on some areas of the cathode surface, thermal electron emission begins from these areas after heating the cathode to a rather high temperature. The emitted electrons leave the cathode surface, which increases the effective electron emission yield and discharge current density. This leads to more intense heating of the cathode and accelerates the transition of the glow discharge into an arc discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"66 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multielectron Excitations in Photoemission Spectra of Chalcogenide Semiconductors","authors":"V. I. Grebennikov,&nbsp;T. V. Kuznetsova,&nbsp;R. G. Chumakov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700144","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two types of multielectron effects of X-ray photoemission in chalcogenide semiconductors Cu₂SnS₃, Cu(In,Ga)Se₂, and CuGaTe₂ have been experimentally studied. The first type is interatomic Auger transitions with electron ejection from the inner levels of atoms surrounding copper (Sn, In, Ga), which arise as a result of the decay of the photohole formed on copper atoms during absorption of synchrotron radiation. And the second type is the characteristic loss of kinetic energy during direct photoemission from the core–electron levels of tin atoms due to the dynamic Coulomb field of the photohole, the inclusion of which leads to the shaking of Sn4<i>d</i> electrons into unoccupied states. The cause of both effects is the extremely nonequilibrium nature of the atom photoionization, which generates an almost instantaneous inclusion of the Coulomb field of the photohole in one of the inner levels of the atom. The surrounding electrons are subjected to a kind of impact and can increase their energy by tens of electron volts. The experiments show that the electrons of the 4<i>d</i> levels are “shaken up” most effectively. Firstly, there are many of them (ten per atom) and, secondly, due to the large centrifugal barrier, these electrons are on the periphery of the atom, as are unoccupied free states, into which they pass when the photohole field is turned on.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"85 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Possibility of Building a Controlled Nuclear Fusion Facility in Russia","authors":"L. A. Zhilyakov,&nbsp;V. S. Kulikauskas","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700077","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of a reactor to implement a controlled nuclear fusion reaction is considered. The reactor operation is based on the principle of a counter-beam system using the guiding phenomenon, a noncontact sliding interaction of beams of accelerated charged particles with a dielectric wall, for the isolation of beams from the wall. The equipment required for the construction of such a reactor is currently manufactured industrially and is used in radio electronics. As an example, the <i>d</i>–<i>t</i> reaction is considered. In the proposed installation, the expected surface power density of the energy release of this reaction should be ~10⁴ W/m².</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"42 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Heat Treatment on Phase Segregation in Polymer-Containing CsPbBr2I Composite Films","authors":"A. S. Toikka,&nbsp;R. Kenesbay,&nbsp;M. Baeva,&nbsp;D. M. Mitin,&nbsp;I. S. Mukhin","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700193","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of vacuuming and annealing temperatures on the properties of composite films based on CsPbBr₂I perovskites was investigated. Partial substitution of Pb²⁺ ions with Mn²⁺ was employed, and grain boundaries were passivated using polyethylene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent, and the films were prepared by spin-coating. The vacuuming and annealing temperatures were varied in the ranges of 60–80 and 60–90°C, respectively. Photoluminescence spectral dependences were compared to assess the effects of phase segregation and the applicability of the selected temperature conditions. It was found that the samples prepared at vacuuming and annealing temperatures of 70°C exhibited photoluminescence peaks at 616 ± 14 and 638 ± 18 nm, corresponding to CsPbBr₂I. The presence of two peaks indicates slight phase segregation, which manifests as local variations in the stoichiometric composition of the samples, resulting in Br- and I-rich regions. Nevertheless, among the studied conditions, this thermal treatment regime is optimal in terms of suppressing photoinduced phase segregation: decreasing the temperature shifts the photoluminescence band toward shorter wavelengths while increasing it leads to the formation of defective nonluminescent phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"122 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Ultrathin Graphene Oxide Films Using a Combination Technique of Layer-by-Layer Coating Methods","authors":"M. M. Saadeldin,&nbsp;Ahmed Samir,&nbsp;A. Guirguis","doi":"10.1134/S1027451025700338","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451025700338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The synthesis of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) is critical for unlocking their vast potential across a range of practical applications. Among the various methods employed, graphite exfoliation emerges as one of the most straightforward techniques for producing these materials. However, achieving optimal synthesis conditions, preserving the pristine structure, minimizing layers and lateral size, and reducing oxygen content present significant challenges. In this study, we focus on fabricating uniform GO thin films utilizing the intrinsic self-alignment phenomenon between scattered nanosheets, achieved through the exfoliation technique without the need for catalysis or templates. This innovative approach harnesses the natural properties of GO materials, making them more suitable for industrial applications. The electrical and optical properties of the resulting GO thin films were thoroughly characterized using microscopy, spectroscopy, and ellipsometry techniques. By classifying GO bulk material based on its electronic properties, it can be categorized as a high-energy gap semiconducting material due to the presence of both <i>sp</i>³ and <i>sp</i>² bonds, along with abundant oxygen functional groups in its matrix. This characteristic allows for the tuning of the energy gap by controlling the oxidation/reduction level. Our findings reveal that the GO thin film with eight layers (GO₈) exhibited a superior self-alignment rate compared to other films, displaying fewer defects between GO nanosheets. This GO₈ thin film displayed semiconducting behavior with a confined bandgap value of 2.26 eV, as determined through optical measurements. The observed self-alignment phenomenon among GO nanosheets holds promise for engineering these scattered nanosheets into more complex nanostructures, potentially enabling various applications across different fields. This study highlights the importance of understanding and harnessing inherent material properties for the development of advanced materials with tailored functionalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"224 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}