Journal of Porous Materials最新文献

{"title":"A facile low-cost method for fabricating water-based aerogel reinforced by calcium silicate waste with enhanced mechanical properties","authors":"Hao Li,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Bowen Zhou,&nbsp;Yijun Wang,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01757-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silica aerogel attracted much attention from scientists due to its thermal conductivity and stability. In this study, water-based aerogels were prepared through a low-cost two-step acid–base method and ambient pressure drying, using porous calcium silicate waste as the reinforcement, silica sol and deionized water as precursor and solvent, respectively. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG600) served as surfactants and pore-forming agents, respectively. The accumulation of nanosheets provided by the calcium silicate waste reduces the shrinkage of aerogel, effectively shortens the preparation time, and improves Young’s modulus. The SC-20 and SC-40 exhibit densities of 259.5 and 296.2 mg·cm⁻³, thermal conductivities of 0.0361 and 0.0423 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, while also possessing Young's moduli as high as 1.99 and 4.47 MPa, respectively, which are higher than 1.11 MPa for SC-0. Conclusively, the aerogels reinforced by calcium silicate waste exhibited properties like good thermal insulation, low-cost, quick preparation, environmental friendliness, and high Young’s moduli, which would show potential for use in buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1071 - 1081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-responsive drug carriers MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 and MIL-125(Ti) for delivering colorectal cancer therapeutics 5-fluorouracil","authors":"Jindrayani Nyoo Putro,&nbsp;Felycia Edi Soetaredjo,&nbsp;Maria Yuliana,&nbsp;Shella Permatasari Santoso,&nbsp;Jenyfer Sugianto,&nbsp;Kelvin Kelvin,&nbsp;Christian Julius Wijaya,&nbsp;I Gde Wenten,&nbsp;Suryadi Ismadji","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01759-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01759-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MIL-125(Ti) and its many modifications have demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, indicating significant potential as a drug carrier. This study examined the delivery potential of 5-fluorouracil using MIL-125(Ti) or MIL-125(Ti)-NH₂. The synthesis of the two MOFs was conducted solvothermally at a temperature of 175 °C. This solvothermal approach yielded MOFs with distinct and clear diffraction peaks, indicating the high crystallinity of both resulting MOFs. Based on the nitrogen adsorption analysis, the surface areas for both MOFs were 712 m²/g for MIL-125(Ti) and 892 m²/g for MIL-125(Ti)-NH₂. Both MOFs synthesized in this study possess micropore and small mesopore structures. In the 5-fluorouracil loading experiment, MIL-125(Ti) exhibited a maximum loading capacity of 118.7 mg/g (47.48%), whereas MIL-125(Ti)-NH₂ had 138.4 mg/g (55.36%). The drug release kinetics follow Higuchi and Ritger-Peppas methods with a maximum release of 5-fluorouracil more than 92% for MIL-125(Ti)-NH₂ achieved within 48 h and 88% for MIL-125(Ti). The optimum pH for 5-fluorouracil release is 5.5. The cytotoxicity of both MOFs to osteoblast cells indicates their non-toxic characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1057 - 1069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient synthesis of nanosized zeolite Y utilizing gradual heating: post-synthesis modification and their catalytic performance in propylene oligomerization","authors":"Cecilia Manrique,&nbsp;Tatiana Botero,&nbsp;Roger Solano,&nbsp;Carlos Mendoza,&nbsp;Adriana Echavarría-Isaza","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01703-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01703-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Producing nanosized zeolites Y has been restricted to a Si/Al ratio lower than 2.0, requiring prolonged crystallization periods. This study employed temperature ramps during nucleation and crystallization to synthesize nanosized zeolites Y with a Si/Al ratio of 2.4, ranging from 47 to 100 nm, in just one day. Sequential post-synthesis desilication and dealumination treatments were used to modify the pore structure and acidity of the zeolites, leading to hierarchical zeolite formation. These modifications enhanced the structural stability and porosity of the zeolites while preserving their high crystallinity. Desilicated zeolites, unlike dealuminated ones, possessed straighter and more uniform mesoporous within their crystals, with diameters smaller than 5 nm. Additionally, successive desilication produced a greater number of intracrystalline mesoporous. The solids obtained from both processes exhibited porosity within the zeolite structure connected to the external surface, potentially improving the mass transfer limitations of the original zeolite due to the lack of mesoporous. Catalysts were prepared using modified nanozeolites for evaluation in the propylene oligomerization reaction. Catalysts based on dealuminated and desilicated nanosized zeolite Y showed high conversions above 20%, especially for dealuminated zeolites with conversions of 50%. Additionally, the catalysts demonstrated selectivity towards hydrocarbons in the C5-C7 range, suggesting better diffusion and access of propylene molecules to the active sites, favoring the formation of medium-sized hydrocarbon fractions. Conversely, the formation of longer hydrocarbon chains (C12⁺) was not favored, possibly due to insufficient mesoporous for larger molecule diffusion and a distribution of acid sites that encourages the union of longer hydrocarbon chains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1039 - 1056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-024-01703-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional nanocarriers: enhanced doxorubicin release from CQD-tagged SBA-15 silica nanoparticles","authors":"Fahime Salari-Goharizi,&nbsp;Mohamad Mahani,&nbsp;Hamid Sepehrian,&nbsp;Mehdi Yoosefian,&nbsp;Faeze Khakbaz","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01752-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01752-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) silica mesoporous nanoparticles (SBANPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized and characterized using nitrogen adsorption isotherms, dynamic light scattering, thermal gravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The doxorubicin loading capacity of 75.5 mg/g and the loading efficiency of 75% was calculated for the synthesized SBANPs. Theoretical loading mechanism was studied using density functional theory on DOX - SBA-15 and shows that DOX/SBANP loading possess binding energy within the range of chemisorption with the binding energy of -167.12 kJ/mol. The SBANPs were modified with CQDs and folic acid as labelling and targeting agents and capped with PVP for temperature-controlled release. The effect of pH (5.2 and 7.2), temperature (37 and 48 °C), and glutathione concentration were studied as factors affecting the release performance of the carrier. In the pH of the tumor microenvironment and in the presence of glutathione, 50% of the drug was released within 24 h. However, when the temperature was raised to 48 °C, the release increased to 80%. Because of the proven photothermal property of CQDs, this simple and low cost multifunctional nanocarrier can be used for targeted delivery and controlled release in cancer cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1027 - 1038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the understanding of surfactant influence in LTA crystallization through microwave-assisted methods at different temperatures","authors":"Dilini Perera,&nbsp;Lasanga Amarasena,&nbsp;Venura Madhusanka,&nbsp;Xing Chen,&nbsp;Rohan Weerasooriya,&nbsp;Athula Bandara,&nbsp;Lakmal Jayarathna","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01745-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01745-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving specific framework structures and morphologies in zeolite synthesis is crucial for broad applications. This study addresses the limited understanding of surfactant effects on crystal imperfections and phase purity in LTA zeolite synthesis, particularly under microwave-assisted conditions. We hypothesized that anionic, cationic, and non-ionic surfactants would significantly affect phase purity, morphology, crystallite size, and imperfections in LTA zeolites synthesized at varying microwave temperatures. Synthesized materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Findings revealed that within the 100–150 °C microwave temperature range, all surfactants primarily yielded the LTA-type zeolite structure. However, a metastable phase was observed in materials synthesized at 130 °C with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), as indicated by reduced crystallinity and an additional Raman peak at 471 cm⁻¹. This suggests that while the LTA framework remained predominant, symmetry disturbances at this temperature impacted TO₄ stretching vibrations, possibly leading to a partial deviation from phase purity. Surfactants significantly influenced phase purity, morphology, crystallite size, and crystal imperfections, with optimal phase purity achieved at lower temperatures (100–110 °C) for anionic and non-ionic surfactants and at higher temperatures (130–150 °C) for cationic surfactants. Crystallite sizes varied in a complex, temperature-dependent manner, suggesting further investigation into crystallization mechanisms. An inverse correlation between microstrain and crystallite size was observed across samples, except at 130 °C, likely due to added stress and supplementary crystal phases. This study establishes foundational knowledge for selecting surfactants to modify pore structures in hierarchical LTA zeolites and offers insights for designing LTA zeolites with tailored properties, addressing knowledge gaps, and advancing zeolite synthesis techniques.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1003 - 1026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced graphene oxide/NiO nanocomposites as a highly effective, efficient, and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst towards one pot of synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles/thiazoles","authors":"Sneha Naik,&nbsp;Richa Tiwari,&nbsp;Renu Verma,&nbsp;Manmohan Singh Chauhan,&nbsp;Narendra Pal Lamba","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01733-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01733-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A highly effective catalytic system utilizing a reduced graphene oxide-nickel oxide nanocomposite (rGO-NiO) is reported for the one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole/oxazoles from 2-aminothiophenol/2-aminophenol and various substituted aldehydes. The rGO-NiO nanocomposite catalyst demonstrates remarkable efficiency, reusability upto 5 cycle, and effectiveness under reflux conditions to provide 91% yield of relation product with 20 mol% catalyst after 3.0 h. This synthetic process offers multiple advantages, including yielding products in the good-to-excellent range, a simple work-up procedure, ease of operation, environmentally friendly reaction conditions, and sustainability by obviating the need for harmful reagents and solvents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"989 - 1002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous nanocomposite polydopamine-coated graphene oxide/maghemite for high-efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium in batch mode: synthesis, characterization, RSM modeling and optimization","authors":"Bentolhoda Chenarani,&nbsp;Varsha Srivastava,&nbsp;Tuomo Sainio,&nbsp;Mohammad Nader Lotfollahi","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01742-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01742-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address significant health issues and ecological damage associated with drug pollutions in wastewater, a novel mesoporous nanocomposite, polydopamine-coated graphene oxide/maghemite (PDA-GO/ɣ-Fe₂O₃), was synthesized and utilized for removing diclofenac sodium (DCF) from aqueous solution in batch mode. This study proposed an efficient method for synthesizing PDA-GO/ɣ-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites, emphasizing the eco-friendly attributes of the modified GO (PDA-GO) and maghemite nanoparticles (ɣ-Fe₂O₃). The adsorbent structure was characterized using XRD, BET analysis, FTIR, FE-SEM, and EDX. BET measurements showed that the adsorbent’s mean pore diameter was approximately 7.5 nm, confirming its mesoporous structure. The EDX spectrum displayed peaks corresponding to oxygen, carbon, iron, and nitrogen in the composition of the PDA-GO/ɣ-Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite. FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups, including hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups, on the surface of the PDA-GO/ɣ-Fe₂O₃ composite. The R² values obtained from the quadratic models using RSM-CCD for the composite adsorbent were 0.988 and 0.998 for removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, respectively. The optimal operating parameters to reach the maximum adsorption capacity of 151.9 mg/g and removal efficiency of 93.12% were determined at an initial DCF concentration of 32.5 mg/L, a temperature of 25 °C, a contact time of 40 min, and a pH of 3, using the CCD-RSM methodology. The kinetics of adsorption were well described by the Fickian diffusion model. By performing four repeated cycles of DCF adsorption/desorption using NaOH solution as an eluent at pH 8, reductions in removal efficiency of 2 and 10% were observed during first three cycles and fourth cycle, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"965 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphotungstic acid and sulphonic acid functionalised SBA-15 for the synthesis of 2,4,5 trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5 tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives","authors":"R. Arun,&nbsp;Merin Joseph,&nbsp;M. P. Athira,&nbsp;M. Salva,&nbsp;Sebastian Nybin Remello,&nbsp;Suja Haridas","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01750-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01750-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past few decades, research has been consistently focused on the development of simple green synthetic routes for organic transformations. Mesoporous silica based solid acid catalysts have become popular because of their versatility to anchor functional moieties and adherence to the green chemistry principles. In this study, the catalytic activity of a bifunctional solid acid catalyst (HPW/SSA), synthesized by impregnation of phosphotungstic acid into sulphonic acid functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 (SSA), for the synthesis of tri and tetrasubstituted benzimidazoles is explored. Structural and morphological characterization of the catalyst established the successful incorporation of the functionalities without significant disruption of the mesoporous structure. The synthetic protocol is validated for a broad substrate scope. Under optimized conditions, an isolated yield above 75% could be obtained for tri and tetrasubstituted benzimidazoles. The recyclability of the catalyst was also verified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"953 - 964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of catalyst support on oleic acid catalytic deoxygenation for green diesel production","authors":"Mohammed Siraj,&nbsp;Selim Ceylan","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01725-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01725-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of certain oxygenated species has led to the development of green diesel produced using deoxygenation (DO) technology to replace conventional biodiesel. The study focused on the effects of the supports on the deoxygenation of oleic acid using the CoMo catalyst. The results of this study revealed that the Molybdenum and Cobalt species have a significant influence on the reactivity and distribution of the product. The CoMo-based catalyst supported on Cerium oxide (CeO₂), Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), activated carbon (AC), and Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) were prepared by wet impregnation method and then calcinated under 20 mL min⁻¹ N₂ flow for 4 h at a temperature of 550 °C. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The influence of support type (activated carbon, Al₂O₂, CeO₂, and TiO₂) on the removal of various oxygenated functional groups was examined during the deoxygenation of oleic acid using supported CoMo catalysts at 350 °C and atmospheric pressure. The deoxygenated liquid products were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Higher heating value (HHV), and CHNOS analysis. The yield of hydrocarbons increased in the order Blank &lt; CoMo/TiO₂ &lt; CoMo/CeO₂ &lt; CoMo/Al₂O₃ &lt; CoMo/AC. Based on the study results, CoMo/AC is the most active catalyst with 93.20% hydrocarbon yield for 2 h. at 350 °C and 300 rpm in the absence of hydrogen. However, a significant deoxygenation reaction was still observed for the catalysts having CoMo supported on Al₂O₃, CeO₂, and TiO₂. In summary, CoMo/AC demonstrates better catalytic performance, attributed to its favorable physicochemical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"941 - 952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-024-01725-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of XGX-based hydrogel and its application for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions","authors":"Kopal Kashaudhan,&nbsp;Poorn Prakash Pande,&nbsp;Jyoti Sharma,&nbsp;Arbind Chaurasiya,&nbsp;Ravi Shankar,&nbsp;Amar Nath","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01749-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01749-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study focuses on the use of Xanthan Gum xanthate-based hydrogel (XGX-g-PAM) obtained via free radical polymerisation of poly(acrylamide) on the surface of Xanthate of Xanthan Gum as a novel adsorbent for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from synthetic wastewater. Four grades of hydrogel have been synthesized in all viz. XGX-g-PAM G-1, XGX-g-PAM G-2, XGX-g-PAM G-3, and XGX-g-PAM G-4 hydrogel. The hydrogel was characterized using various techniques like UV, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, GPC, TGA and ΔpH_PZC analysis. The maximum swelling ratios (SR) of the prepared XGX-g-PAM G-3 hydrogel has been found to be 303.8, 275.35 and, 258.455 g/g in 1215 min for distilled water, tap water and grey wastewater. Furthermore, the water retention ratio (% WRR) for XGX-g-PAM G-3 is found to be 78.62%, 79.19% and, 80.95% for distilled water, tap water and, grey wastewater respectively after 1800 min. This shows that the hydrogel has an excellent swelling and water retention capacity. The concentration of Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions in aqueous solutions has been determined spectrophotometrically with the help of a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The highest removal of 94.85% and 93.25% and maximum adsorption capacities of 312.5 mg/g and 281.69 mg/g were observed with the XGX-g-PAM G-3 hydrogel for Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions, respectively. Further experiments were performed at varying adsorbent dosage, pH, time of contact, temperature, and concentration. Experimental findings suggest that the newly synthesized XGX-g-PAM hydrogel acts as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. Hence, the developed adsorbent has an excellent potential for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing toxic metal ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"915 - 933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}