Journal of Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Electrolyte-Induced Phenomena in Graphene Nanoplatelet-Based Electrodes","authors":"Muhammad Oneeb,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal,&nbsp;Asifa Mumtaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Ameen,&nbsp;Marhaba Noor,&nbsp;Hamza Nawaz,&nbsp;Haider Ali,&nbsp;M. Usama Jansher","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11359-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11359-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene has a large surface area, an open interconnect structure, and superior electrical conductivity, making it a promising material for high-performance supercapacitors. The appropriate choice of aqueous electrolyte is essential for its application as an electrode in a supercapacitor. The present study explores the supercapacitive behavior of graphene nanoplatelets in aqueous electrolytes that are acidic (H₂SO₄), alkaline (NaOH), and neutral (Na₂SO₄). Among these, H₂SO₄ delivers the maximum capacitance of 292 F/g, followed by NaOH and Na₂SO₄, with specific capacitance of 276 F g⁻¹ and 240 F g⁻¹, respectively, from cyclic charge–discharge at a current density of 0.3 A g^-1. Additionally, this electrode has maximum energy density and power density of 28 Wh kg⁻¹ and 270 W kg⁻¹, and it retains 90% of its capacity over 5000 cycles in H₂SO₄ electrolytes. An in-depth examination of supercapacitance is provided, along with an equivalent circuit simulation to deduce the behavior of the electrode–electrolyte interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"462 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Dosimetric properties of LiB3O5:Ag using the OSL/TA-OSL method for Medical Radiation Application","authors":"Sahil,&nbsp;Gopishankar Natanasabapathi,&nbsp;Sourab Shyleshan,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Aruna Kaushik,&nbsp;Pratik Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11544-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11544-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to numerous characteristics (chemical stability, optical transparency, etc.), tissue equivalency, and other factors, lithium borates are an appropriate material for radiation dosimetry. This work explores the optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry of lithium triborate (LiB₃O₅) doped with Ag. Here, we have used thermally-assisted OSL (TA-OSL), where OSL is recorded following thermal stimulation of the sample, to assess the presence of primary dosimetric and deep defects. The optimized elevated temperature for LiB₃O₅:Ag was found to be 100°C corresponding to maximum TA-OSL intensity due to depletion of its filled traps (indicating deep defects). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry were all used to characterized the structural and chemical properties of the sample. Along with other OSL characteristics like fading and repeatability, response of the obtained nanophosphor under CW-OSL with x-ray photons and electrons of a range of energies including cobalt-60 in radiotherapy has also been examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"180 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and Optical Properties of Tellurium Dioxide-Based Quaternary Glasses: Potential for Nonlinear Optical Applications","authors":"Komal Poria,&nbsp;Rajesh Parmar,&nbsp;Harita Kumari,&nbsp;Sunil Dhankhar,&nbsp;R. S. Kundu","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11566-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11566-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An exploration was undertaken to examine the physical and optical traits of a quaternary glass system utilizing tellurium dioxide as its primary component. The glasses were prepared with 60TeO₂-15B₂O₃-(25−<i>x</i>)Bi₂O₃-xSrCl₂ molar composition, where <i>x</i> = 5 mol.%, 10 mol.%, 15 mol.%, and 20 mol.%. The utilization of x-ray diffraction interpretation verified the amorphous nature of the glasses. Several physical properties were measured, including density (<i>ρ</i>), molar volume (<i>V</i>_m), and oxygen packing density (OPD). It was observed that the density decreased (from 5.301 g/cm³ to 3.542 g/cm³) as the heavier molar mass of bismuth(III) oxide was replaced with the lighter molar mass of strontium chloride. Consequently, the glass matrix became less dense. The molar volume increased (from 40.129 cm³/mol to 51.612 cm³/mol) with higher strontium chloride content. Adding strontium chloride decreased the OPD (from 56.069 to 34.875), reducing the number of oxygen atoms in the glass sample. The optical properties were analyzed via the ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The cutoff wavelength (<i>λ</i>_c) decreased (from 442 nm to 359 nm) as the strontium chloride content increased. With increased strontium chloride content, the prepared glasses showed indirect transitions in their energy band gaps. Additionally, the values of the indirect band gap energy (<i>E</i>_opt) increased from 2.02 eV to 2.95 eV. The Urbach energy (Δ<i>E</i>), which characterizes the disorder in the glass structure, decreased (from 0.288 eV to 0.270 eV) with increasing strontium chloride concentration, indicating a lower defect concentration. The molar refractivity values ranged from 26.82 to 31.79, reflecting the polarizability of the constituent ions. The glasses demonstrated a metallization criterion within the range of 0.332 to 0.384, indicating their promise for applications in the area of nonlinear optical devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Spectra of optical absorption for the TBSr glasses.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"172 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the Electrochemical Properties of ZnS Electrodes via Cobalt Doping for Improved Supercapacitor Application","authors":"Emmanuel Tom,&nbsp;Abhijai Velluva,&nbsp;Anit Joseph,&nbsp;Tiju Thomas,&nbsp;Mizaj Shabil Sha,&nbsp;P. V Jithin,&nbsp;Deepu Thomas,&nbsp;Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni,&nbsp;Joji Kurian","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11535-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11535-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For practical uses, there has been a lot of interest in simple, inexpensive, and efficient synthesis of materials for supercapacitor applications. Pure and cobalt-doped zinc sulfide (Co-doped ZnS) powder samples were synthesized in this study using a straightforward co-precipitation process, and their electrochemical performance was examined. It was observed that, at a scan rate of 10 mV s⁻¹, pure ZnS has a specific capacitance of only 460.7 F g⁻¹; however, the Co-doping in ZnS increases it to 947.8 F g⁻¹ for the 5% Co-doped sample, Co (0.05): ZnS. The results suggest that Co-doping in ZnS increases the kinetics and rate of redox processes. The increase in electrochemical active sites brought about by integrating Co into ZnS increases the surface area and results in the sample's capacity for storage. The encouraging findings increase the likelihood of elemental doping with other transition metal elements to increase the energy storage capability of earth-abundant ZnS samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"451 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11664-024-11535-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Effects of Co-doping on the Electronic Properties of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon-based NO2 Gas Sensors","authors":"Kamal Solanki,&nbsp;Prachi Kesharwani,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11539-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11539-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions from numerous sources pose a significant threat to health, necessitating the development of highly sensitive electronic sensors. In response to this issue, this study investigates the influence of NO₂ molecules on a hydrogen (H)-passivated doped/undoped armchair graphene nanoribbon (ArGNR). The electronic properties are examined using density functional theory (DFT) within the framework of a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) calculator, combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). The modeling focuses on the impact of doping with manganese (Mn) and co-doping of Mn with group V elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and arsenic (As) atoms] on the electronic properties of the ArGNR. The introduction of the Mn element introduces spin–polarization that can influence the adsorption behavior of the target molecule, enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of ArGNR. Moreover, the results show that the co-doping in ArGNR significantly enhances the bandgap opening compared to individual doping, resulting in improved sensitivity towards the NO₂ molecules. Subsequently, compared to Mn-P- and Mn-As-co-doped ArGNR, the Mn-N-co-doped ArGNR exhibits binding energy (<i>E</i>_<i>B</i>) of 308.47 eV, high chemisorption of −2.92 eV, desorption of 39.69%, notable variations in bandgap (<i>E</i>_<i>G</i>) of 16.5%, and a large current variation by a factor of 2.64 times following NO₂ adsorption, indicating improved conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of the Mn-N-co-doped ArGNR as a leading material for NO₂ sensing.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"300 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Growth Temperature on the Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of Sputtered Ni Thin Film","authors":"Prashant Kumar,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Vipul Sharma,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Khanna,&nbsp;Bijoy Kumar Kuanr","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11512-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11512-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, nickel thin film with thickness of 35 nm was grown by radio frequency sputtering on a Si/SiO₂ substrate as a function of growth temperature from 100°C to 350°C. The effect of substrate temperature during film growth was extensively investigated with regard to the structural, morphological, and dynamic magnetic properties of the grown films. The films were polycrystalline with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, as evident from the different diffraction peaks. The saturation magnetization (<i>M</i>_S) was greatest and coercivity (<i>H</i>_C) was observed to be lowest for films grown at 250°C. The Gilbert damping (<span>({alpha }_{{rm eff}})</span>) and effective magnetization (<span>({M}_{{rm eff}})</span>) as a function of growth temperature were obtained from microwave-induced ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy measurements. <span>({alpha }_{{rm eff}})</span> derived from FMR line widths, which is an important parameter for quantifying ferromagnetic film quality, was lowest at 250°C and increased on either side of this point. The lowest damping at 250°C indicates low strain and defect density at this temperature, which is also evident from x-ray diffraction (XRD) data. <span>({M}_{{rm eff}})</span> also increased and reached a maximum at 250°C growth temperature. The decrease in magnetization below and above 250°C indicates diffusion and formation of a magnetic dead layer at the substrate–film interface. These measurements reveal that a narrow growth temperature regime exists for the growth of Ni thin film to obtain films with low defects, and hence low Gilbert damping, which can be utilized in spintronics device applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"164 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Electronic, Magnetic, Optical, and Thermoelectric Properties of Mn3Si2Te6 by Using the Strain Effect: A DFT Study","authors":"Y. Saeed,&nbsp;Huda A. Alburaih,&nbsp;M. Musa Saad Hasb Elkhalig,&nbsp;M. Usman Saeed,&nbsp;Sardar Mohsin Ali,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ali,&nbsp;Fahad Ali Khan,&nbsp;Uzair Khan,&nbsp;Ahmad Razzaq,&nbsp;Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11532-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11532-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We performed first-principles calculations to investigate the structural, electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Mn₃Si₂Te₆ (MST) at various temperatures using the BoltzTraP package. From the experimental analysis, the material exhibited a metallic nature due to zero bandgap. After performing density functional theory calculations by applying strain engineering on the MST compound, we discovered that the material was a half-metal. The thermoelectric characteristics of the MST compound under strain engineering were investigated using WIEN2k code. The results demonstrated that at 5% tensile strain engineering, the material was half-metal, with an indirect bandgap of 0.732 eV at the <i>Γ</i>–K symmetry point of the Brillouin zone with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It was discovered that compressive strain reduced the bandgap whereas tensile strain increased the bandgap value of the bulk MST. With the use of the hybrid functional (GGA + modified Becke–Johnson [mBJ] potential) at 4% tensile strain, the highest bandgap of 1.24 eV at <i>Γ</i>–K was obtained. The optical characteristics at 4% tensile strain were calculated with the hybrid functional. Finally, the thermoelectric properties of MST were determined, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit at 4% tensile strain from 300 K to 800 K. It was found that the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of MST are temperature-sensitive and decrease as the temperature rises. The Seebeck coefficient was measured at a temperature of 300 K for 4% strain, obtaining values of 300 µV/<i>K</i> (<i>p</i>-type) and 310 µV/<i>K</i> (<i>n</i>-type) region. The lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) was calculated with increasing temperature for MST from 8 W/mK at 100 K to 2 W/mK at 600 K, for 0–10 GPa. The calculated dimensionless figure of merit, <i>ZT</i>, at 300 K reached 0.72 for both <i>p</i>- and <i>n</i>-type, which decreased to 0.56 with experimental thermal conductivity. These results indicate that MST could be suitable material for use in future thermoelectric devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"403 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation on Thermoluminescence Properties of C6+ Ion Beam-Irradiated K2Ca2(SO4)3:Eu,Cu","authors":"Chirag Malik","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11549-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11549-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Potassium calcium sulfate (K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃:Eu,Cu) co-doped with Eu²⁺ and Cu²⁺ (1000 ppm each) has been prepared by the co-precipitation method. Compound confirmation was carried out by X ray diffraction, and the average crystallite size was 61 nm, calculated by the Williamson–Hall plot method. The presence of dopants was confirmed by the photoluminescence emissions and excitation spectra. This nano-crystalline phosphor has been investigated for its dosimetric applications by studying its thermoluminescence (TL) properties after being irradiated with ion beams (C⁶⁺) at different fluences of different energies (65 MeV, 75 MeV, and 85 MeV). Also, the co-doped phosphor was compared with the singly-doped K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃:Eu in terms of its TL intensities, and it showed a higher TL sensitivity. Moreover, it showed a good dose response only for a low-energy C⁶⁺ ion beam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"151 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nanosized Al2O3 Dispersion on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of PMMA/TEGDME-Based Mg-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolyte","authors":"Poonam,&nbsp;Suman B. Kuhar,&nbsp;Maitri Patel,&nbsp;C. Maheshwaran,&nbsp;Kuldeep Mishra,&nbsp;D. K. Kanchan,&nbsp;A. Annalakshmi,&nbsp;Naveen K. Acharya,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11511-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11511-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A poly(methylmethacrylate)-based Mg-ion conducting polymer gel electrolyte immobilizing a liquid electrolyte of magnesium perchlorate in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) solvent is presented. In order to enhance the electrolytic properties of the electrolyte, the impact of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, and electrochemical properties has been investigated. The optimized composition of the polymer gel electrolyte (PMMA + TEGDME + MgClO₄ + 2.5 wt% Al₂O₃) showed increased ionic conductivity of 4.94 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ with a significantly low activation energy of 0.18 eV. Ion dynamics in the polymer gel electrolyte have been quantitatively analyzed by investigating various frequency-dependent parameters such as the real and imaginary components of dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, and the modulus. The possible conformational changes in the electrolyte system on addition of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These studies have revealed CH₃-Mg-Al₂O₃ interaction in the electrolyte with significantly affected crystallinity and sufficient gel phase range with variation in temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"141 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Sensor Morphology and Sensing Performance in a Non-enzymatic Graphene FET Biosensor for Detection of Biomolecules in Complex Analytes","authors":"V. N. Senthil Kumaran,&nbsp;M. Venkatesh,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Saad Alqahtani,&nbsp;Azath Mubarakali,&nbsp;P. Parthasarathy","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11531-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11531-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent advances in ultrasensitive electrical biosensors using graphene nanostructures such as nanowalls and nanopores have increased the surface area-to-volume ratio. These structures provide signals at low biomolecule concentrations that are generally insufficient for vital measurements, especially in complex physiological analytes, making practical deployment difficult. A new, reproducible, and scalable chemical technique for constructing smooth graphene nanogrids enables molar biomolecule detection in field-effect transistor (FET) mode. We examine how pore morphology affects the sensing capability of label-free graphene nanoporous FET biosensors, aiming for sub-femtomolar detection limits with a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in blood or urine serum. Despite problems including drain–source current sensitivity overlap due to high quantities of nonspecific antigens, our improved graphene nanogrid sensor detected hepatitis B (Hep-B) surface antigen in serum at sub-femtomolar levels. In serum containing 3 nM hepatitis C (Hep-C) as a nonspecific antigen, a pore diameter of 30 nm and length of 120 nm had the highest SNR and detected 0.25 fM Hep-B. We used a graphene nanogrid FET biosensor in heterodyne mode (80 kHz to 2 MHz) to quantify Hep-B down to 0.3 fM in blood using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to reduce Debye screening effects. The performance of the PNN exceeded that of the polynomial fit and static neural network models by limiting quantification errors to 10%. Electrical resistance was linearly related to the Hep-C virus core antigen (HCVcAg) concentration (80–550 pg/mL) in real-time tests. After improvement of functionalization parameters, the SNR increased 70%, detecting 0.20 fM Hep-B virus molecules with 60% sensitivity and 6% standard deviation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"285 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}