Journal of Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Time-Lapse Imaging of Bismuth Precipitation and Coarsening on the Surface of Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi Solder Joints After Thermal Cycling.","authors":"Chen-Lin Hsieh, Richard J Coyle, Christopher M Gourlay","doi":"10.1007/s11664-025-11747-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-025-11747-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adding bismuth to Sn-Ag-Cu solder compositions can significantly improve reliability in thermal cycling, but there are uncertainties in how bismuth precipitates and coarsens in Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi solders containing > 3 wt.% Bi. Here we apply time-lapse imaging in a scanning electron microscope to study bismuth precipitation and coarsening at room temperature on the polished surface of Sn-2.25-0.5Ag-6Bi ball grid array solder joints after thermal cycling. It is shown that (Bi) precipitates on the surface within 2 h after polishing and then coarsens by a combination of Ostwald ripening, coalescence ripening, and competition between two orientation relationships. Time-lapse imaging revealed that coalescence causes an increase in the local bismuth particle size and the formation of anomalously large (Bi) particles. The accumulation of bismuth on the polished surface increases far beyond the equilibrium volume fraction for this alloy. The bismuth particle size distributions are significantly wider than expected from Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory, that assumes only Ostwald ripening, which is shown to be because coalescence creates anomalously large particles. This study shows the important role of bismuth precipitate coalescence within the coarsening mechanism in Sn-2.25-0.5Ag-6Bi solder joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 4","pages":"2657-2671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Conductivity of Fe₁₁Ti₃Al₆ by Substituting Fe with Cr.","authors":"Sukhwinder Singh, Joseph Alemzadeh, Guillermo Menendez Rodriguez, Matthew Phillips, Daniel Zabek, Matthew Burton, Victoria G Rocha, Gao Min","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11723-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11723-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In general, any attempt to increase the Seebeck coefficient is usually accompanied by a decrease in the electrical conductivity or vice versa due to the interplay between these two parameters. This work demonstrates that a simultaneous increase in both the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity can be obtained by \"doping\" in intermetallic alloys. A new alloy composition, Fe₁₀Cr₁Ti₃Al₆, was synthesized by substituting Fe with Cr in Fe₁₁Ti₃Al₆ using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermoelectric measurements revealed that the Cr substitution led to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient from +27 µV/K in Fe₁₁Ti₃Al₆ to +39 µV/K in Fe₁₀Cr₁Ti₃Al₆, with a corresponding increase in the electrical conductivity from 2.5 × 10⁵ S/m to 4.7 × 10⁵ S/m, resulting in a significant increase in the power factor. The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties of this new alloy was also investigated over a temperature range of 50-727°C. The result showed that a maximum power factor of 6.0 × 10^-4 W/m K² was obtained at 53°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 4","pages":"2701-2709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Growth of Nanorod-Assembled SnWO4 via AACVD for ppb Level Xylene Gas Sensor","authors":"Mincong Zhou,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Qingji Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11609-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11609-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unique nanostructures contribute to optimizing gas-sensitive properties, which has been widely acknowledged in the field of gas sensing. However, the construction of nanostructures by the in situ method is still challenging. In this work, nanorod-assembled SnWO₄ was fabricated directly on interdigital electrodes by a one-step aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. The xylene gas sensor was developed, featuring low detection limits and fast response. Under the operating temperature of 350°C, the detection limit of the SnWO₄ sensor for xylene reaches a minimal level of 10 ppb. Meanwhile, the sensor exhibits excellent performance in response time, providing a rapid response of 2 s to 100 ppm xylene. Apart from this, the sensor also exhibits good selectivity. Among various volatile organic compound gases of the same 100 ppm at 350°C, the sensor’s response to xylene (484%) is 3.6 times that of toluene and 5.3 times that of benzene. The excellent gas-sensing performance is primarily due to the unique structural properties of nanorod-assembled SnWO₄. This paper holds significant research potential in the field of gas sensing, particularly for the development of high-performance xylene sensors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"348 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Vibration Mechanism of the Core Components of an HVDC Filter Capacitor","authors":"Pengning Zhang,&nbsp;Hailong Zhu,&nbsp;Ze Liu,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Lin,&nbsp;Quanjiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11523-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11523-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The issue of noise generated by filter capacitors in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission converter stations has become increasingly prevalent. In order to study the noise problem of filter capacitors, it is necessary to begin with an analysis of the vibration mechanism that causes the noise. The primary cause of capacitor vibration is the generation of an alternating electric field in the insulating medium by the application of an AC voltage to the plates. This electric field exerts a force on the conductor, resulting in irregular vibrations and the production of noise. Current research does not consider the influence of the residual charge of the dielectric film and the internal insulating material on its internal vibration. This article therefore first conducts a theoretical analysis of the internal force of the filter capacitor, and then uses COMSOL simulation software to establish the multilayer structure of the capacitor core. The stress calculation model for the dielectric and aluminum foil layers explores and summarizes the influence of uneven residual charges and internal insulating materials on the stress of the capacitor core when it is in the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) mixed excitation state, by setting different residual charge distributions. The findings indicate that the residual charge of the dielectric film within the filter capacitor and the internal insulating material exerts a significant influence on its force under the influence of the electric field. These results provide valuable theoretical guidance for the development of capacitor vibration reduction and noise reduction measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"587 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Biosensor Development for Electrochemical Analysis of Tartrazine and Methyl Orange","authors":"E. V. Anushree,&nbsp;J. G. Manjunatha,&nbsp;K. P. Moulya,&nbsp;Samar A. Aldossari,&nbsp;C. Raril","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11587-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11587-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current work, an electrochemical electrode was designed for the detection of tartrazine (TT) with good selectivity and sensitivity. A tyrosine (TY)-modified carbon paste electrode P(TY)MCPE was used for the detection of TT using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The surface characteristics of both the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) and P(TY)MCPE were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimum conditions for the study of TT were obtained by studying the scan rate, effect of pH, accumulation potential, time, and variation of concentration. The modified electrode exhibited a good response in comparison with the unmodified electrode under ideal conditions. The P(TY)MCPE displayed good electrochemical performance for concentration of TT in the linear range of 2.0–80.0 μM with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.676 μM and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.502 μM. The fabricated electrode exhibited good reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. In the presence of methyl orange (MO) and other interferents, the modified P(TY)MCPE exhibited good selectivity for TT. The P(TY)MCPE electrode was successfully applied for the determination of TT in a real sample with a satisfactory recovery rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"336 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Thermal Sensitivity of Graphite Paint-Based Flexible Thermocouple","authors":"Anil Pandya,&nbsp;Devang Anadkat,&nbsp;Shreya Dungani,&nbsp;Ajay D. Thakur,&nbsp;Anup V. Sanchela","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11598-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11598-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermocouples are used in a variety of applications for temperature measurement and monitoring. Here, we demonstrate an HB/6B graphite paint-based thermocouple to design temperature sensors on commercially available Xerox paper using two different grades of graphite. The difference in Seebeck coefficients in different grades of graphite facilitates the successful fabrication of a thermocouple. These simple, cheap, environment friendly, biodegradable single-material thermocouples demonstrated a persistent and reliable sensitivity of ~ 27 <i>μ</i>V/K after 300 bending cycles. In addition, the output voltage variation has also been recorded after 300 bending cycles as a function of time to demonstrate response with respect to temperature. The current study indicates that a piece of paper can be transformed into a thermal mapping device using only graphite paint patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"440 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous Hematite Photocatalytic Structures on Freestanding CuO-Sb2O5-SnO2 Ceramics for Solar-Driven Water Splitting and Flow-Through Water Purification","authors":"Iván Corrales-Mendoza,&nbsp;Alexander N. Bondarchuk,&nbsp;Josué A. Aguilar-Martínez,&nbsp;Frank Marken,&nbsp;Rene F. Cienfuegos-Pelaes,&nbsp;Raúl Salas Coronado,&nbsp;Carlos A. Martínez-González","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11603-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11603-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High porosity and large photoactive surface of photoelectrodes grown on nano-grained and conductive ceramics provide freestanding structures for applications in photoelectrolysis and flow-through water purification. This study presents unmodified hematite photoelectrodes grown on CuO-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ ceramics, exhibiting photocurrent density of 0.63 mA cm⁻² at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM1.5G radiation. The obtained photoelectrodes are tested for cleaning seawater contaminated with methylene blue. The photocatalytic structures are examined by photoelectrochemical measurements, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of substrate temperature on photocurrents obtained with these photoelectrodes is studied and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"556 - 567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Novel Photosensitizers Based on Pyridoquinazolinone and Its TiO2-Adsorbed Complexes with Efficient Photovoltaic Performance in DSSCs: A DFT Insight","authors":"Aliha Fatima,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Khan,&nbsp;Junaid Yaqoob,&nbsp;Ghulam Mustafa,&nbsp;Abrar Ul Hassan,&nbsp;Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua,&nbsp;Amir Sohail,&nbsp;Rajeh Alotaibi","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11558-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11558-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Developing photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a hot topic in energy conversion and optoelectronic research. To address the rapidly increasing demand for DSSCs, we attempted to construct a series of D–π–A-based (F1–F9) innovative photosensitizers with resonant optoelectronic properties employing bridging core modification. The geometrical, photovoltaic, photophysical, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of the newly developed dyes were explored, and the potential impact of π-linkers (P1–P10) on the DSSC efficiency of the pyridoquinazolinone-based sensitizer was determined. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO), natural bond orbital (NBO), transition density matrix (TDM), electron density difference map (EDDM), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and density of states (DOS) analysis was performed, and the excited-state lifetime (&lt;span&gt;(tau ))&lt;/span&gt;, open-circuit voltage (&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OC&lt;/sub&gt;), electron regeneration energy (Δ&lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;reg&lt;/sup&gt;), electron injection driving force (Δ&lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;inject&lt;/sup&gt;), electronic coupling constants (&lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;RP&lt;/sub&gt;), and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) parameters &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;CT&lt;/sup&gt; (e&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;), D&lt;sup&gt;CT&lt;/sup&gt; (Å), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt; index (Å), ∆ (Å), &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; index (Å), and μ&lt;sup&gt;CT&lt;/sup&gt; (D) for the proposed dyes were computed. The photoelectronic and chemical transfer parameters of the fabricated dyes (F1–F9) near the titania–electrolyte interface (dyes@TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) proved the better accumulation and recombination of the dyes@TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; model. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies of all proposed dyes were found to be higher than the 4.0 eV of the TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; conduction band, while the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies were lower than the electrolytic redox potential energy of −4.80 eV. Therefore, the proposed dyes have an energy advantage for injecting excited electrons effectively, allowing oxidized dyes for efficient regeneration. When compared to standard &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; values of 5.24 eV, 399.79 nm, and 3.10 eV, the developed compounds (F1–F9) had a smaller energy gap (4.58–5.24 eV), a broader absorption wavelength (362.66–456.95 nm), and a lower transition energy (2.71–3.42 eV). Although all the designed dyes might be used as effective sensitizers for DSSCs, the P4 spacer in F3 is a promising candidate for use in high-performance DSSCs owing to promising photovoltaic properties, including the longer wavelength (456.95 nm), lower excitation energy (2.71 eV), highest light harvesting efficiency (LHE) (0.99), and &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;RP&lt;/sub&gt; (−1.25) with a lower band gap of 4.61 eV. Results proved that the pyridoquinazolinone dyes explored in this work have the potential to improve light-to-power conversion efficiency, &lt;i&gt;J&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;SC&lt;/sub&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;OC&lt;/sub&gt; in a DSSC system, and may result in materials with properties that are appropriate for use in DSSCs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;pic","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"531 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum-doped ZnO Nanostructures via a Simple Solution Method for Effective Passivation of a Silicon Surface","authors":"Premshila Kumari,&nbsp;Anjali Saini,&nbsp; Diksha,&nbsp;Jai S. Tawale,&nbsp;P. Prathap,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11592-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11592-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, aluminum (Al)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (AZO NSs) were synthesized via a chemical colloidal route with controlled structural, optical, photoluminescence (PL), and enhanced silicon (Si) surface passivation properties as a function of Al doping in the ZnO. Doping concentrations ranging from 2 at.% to 10 at.% Al were investigated. A dramatic change in the morphology of the AZO NSs was observed with varying Al doping concentrations. The undoped ZnO sample exhibited a particle-like morphology with a diameter of ~95 nm, which became flake-like structures and then hexagonal discs with an increase in the Al doping concentration. The band gap energy increased from 3.17 eV for undoped ZnO NSs to 3.28 eV corresponding to 2 at.% doped AZO NSs. In addition, defects consisting of zinc and oxygen vacancies/interstitials were minimized with Al doping, which was attributed to the replacement of Zn²⁺ ions by Al³⁺. Moreover, almost 15-fold enhancement in the passivation of the Si surface was exhibited by the optimized AZO NSs (4 at.%) as compared to the non-passivated Si surface and &gt; 11-fold as compared to that of the undoped ZnO-coated Si surface. Effective surface passivation, thereby minimizing surface recombination, is one of the key requirements for efficient Si solar cells. Thus, the present study, reporting a simple synthesis route with improved structural, optical, PL, and surface passivation properties of AZO NSs as a function of Al doping, may pave the way for application in solar cells.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"568 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in PVDF/Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Fibers for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"R. Gowdaman,&nbsp;Akepati Deepa,&nbsp;Yogesh Kumar Singla","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11589-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11664-024-11589-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For several decades, energy regeneration has been attempting to fulfill the growing demand for green and sustainable energy. Various devices have been designed and developed to capture energy and convert it into useful forms. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) have been seen as a promising option for traditional rechargeable batteries because they directly scavenge a wide spectrum of unlimited mechanical energy. Piezoelectric materials exhibit extraordinary electrical properties, great adaptability, superior maneuverability, and durability. Among the various materials used for developing piezoelectric materials, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its derivatives have been known to be the best options for fabricating nano-piezoelectric producers. Nevertheless, the nanogenerator’s piezo response generation is too small and insufficient to run thermionic equipment. Extensive efforts have been made to improve and reinforce PVDF-derived nano-piezoelectric devices. Considering the key aspects of materials and production technologies, this review focuses on carbon-based nanocomposite materials, their manufacturing methods, and performance indicators. In addition, the corresponding cutting-edge methods, alternative models, and beneficial substances are highlighted to improve the piezoelectric structure, arrangement of electric doublets, charge carriers, etc. Consequently, productivity-based materials can transform mechanical energy into electricity, opening the door for PVDF-based nanogenerators to eventually become practical energy sources.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":"24 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}