Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Serum bilirubin subgroups and cancer risk: Insights with a focus on lung cancer","authors":"Jong Won Shin ,&nbsp;Namhee Kim ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thien Minh ,&nbsp;Durga Datta Chapagain ,&nbsp;Sun Ha Jee","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS). While previous studies have predominantly focused on the association between total bilirubin and cancer risk, this study evaluates the association of different bilirubin subgroups with cancer risk in men and women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were derived from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II cohort, including 133,630 participants. Over a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 9876 cancer cases were identified. Serum bilirubin levels (total, indirect, direct) were categorized into sex-specific quartiles and analyzed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), along with trend analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In men, a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in total bilirubin was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HR: 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.74–0.91), and direct bilirubin showed an inverse association (HR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74–0.93). In contrast, in women, a 1 SD increase in total bilirubin was positively associated with lung cancer risk (HR: 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.32). Among male smokers, a 1 SD increase in total bilirubin (≥30 cigarettes/day) was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HR: 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.55–0.97), and a 1 SD increase in direct bilirubin (10–19 cigarettes/day) showed an inverse association (HR: 0.79, 95 % CI: 0.63–0.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In men, both total and direct bilirubin levels were inversely associated with lung cancer risk, whereas in women, total bilirubin was positively associated with lung cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile, staging and oncological treatment of ten leading cancer types between young vs older patients from 2000 to 2019 in Brazil","authors":"Guilherme Jorge Costa ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Ribeiro Veras Santos ,&nbsp;Júlia Nathaly Cavalcanti Mendes de Sales ,&nbsp;Bruna Freire Bernhoeft ,&nbsp;Letícia Telles Sales ,&nbsp;Jurema Telles de Oliveira Lima ,&nbsp;Maria Júlia Gonçalves de Mello ,&nbsp;Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer has become a public health problem worldwide, affecting individuals of different age groups, including children, young adults and older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the clinical profile, staging and standard of oncological treatment of the 10 most frequent primary sites of cancer in young patients (&lt; 60 years) vs older patients (≥ 60 years old) diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used data from the secondary database of the Hospital Cancer Registry, available on the web <span><span>www.inca.org.br</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Patients with cancer who were older than 18 years were included. Patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and with incomplete data on primary site and staging were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The database had data from 1,891,912 eligible patients, of which 1,461,080 (77.2 %) corresponded to the ten leading cancer types which were to be evaluated in this study. Cancers of the breast, prostate, cervix, lung, colon, stomach, rectum, oesophagus, thyroid and larynx were the 10 most frequent cancer types identified. The mean of age of patients was 58.8 ± 14.2 years and most of them were female (59.8 %). Those in the older group were more commonly reported (50.8 %) and this group included more former or current smokers (48.4 % vs 40.8 %, p &lt; 0.001). Young patients received more all-oncological treatment: surgery (53.2 % vs 41.1 %, p &lt; 0.001), radiotherapy (47.3 % vs 46.3 %, p &lt; 0.001) and chemotherapy (53.6 % vs 39.3 %, p &lt; 0.001) than older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Evaluating cancer patients by age group may enhance cancer surveillance, redirecting control strategies and prioritising patients with more common primary site types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in ovarian cancer net survival in a northeastern Brazilian state (1996–2017)","authors":"Brenda Evelin Barreto da Silva ,&nbsp;Pamela Minicozzi ,&nbsp;Veronica Di Carlo ,&nbsp;Naomi Ssenyonga ,&nbsp;Fatima Khan Baloch ,&nbsp;Melissa Matz ,&nbsp;Michel P. Coleman ,&nbsp;Claudia Allemani ,&nbsp;Carlos Anselmo Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ovarian cancer survival in low- and middle-income countries is lower than in high-income countries, due to disparities in healthcare access and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to describe trends in ovarian cancer survival in Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, by histological group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed data on 948 women aged 15–99 years diagnosed with a cancer of the ovary between 1996 and 2017, in Sergipe, Brazil. One- and five-year net survival were estimated by histological group and calendar periods of diagnosis (1996–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2017) using the Pohar-Perme estimator. Survival estimates were age-standardised using International Cancer Survival Standard weights.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 1996 and 2017, one-year and five-year net survival for ovarian cancer were 63.4 % and 37.4 %, respectively. Five-year net survival trends increased from 30.9 % (2000–2004) to 46.8 % (2015–2017). Epithelial type I tumours comprised roughly a quarter of cases, while type II tumours constituted over half. Both types exhibited similar one-year survival, ranging from 67 % to 68.5 % during 1996–2017. However, five-year net survival for type II tumours was remarkably lower at 32.5 %, compared to 52 % for type I tumours.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite a minor improvement in five-year net survival over the 22 years, survival for women with ovarian cancer remains unfavourable, particularly for those diagnosed with Type II epithelial tumours, which have remarkably lower five-year survival than Type I.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend of cardiovascular mortality among metastatic renal cell cancer patients in the US from 2005 to 2020","authors":"Nischit Baral ,&nbsp;Elena Deych ,&nbsp;Deepak Chandramohan ,&nbsp;Arvind Kunadi ,&nbsp;Tarec K. Elajami ,&nbsp;Nabin R. Karki ,&nbsp;Astha Prasai ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Ladin ,&nbsp;Amrit Gautam ,&nbsp;Rupesh Khanal ,&nbsp;Nirat Beohar ,&nbsp;Joshua D. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with distant metastasis have significantly enhanced cancer-specific outcomes. However, these patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and events. This study aims to investigate the trend of incidence-based mortality specific to CVD in patients with metastatic RCC. We examined data from 26,501 adult patients aged 18 and older diagnosed with metastatic RCC between 2005 and 2020 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registry. We used a linear regression model to examine trends in metastatic RCC incidence and mortality rates among the US general population stratified by gender using R statistical software version 4.3.2. Among 26,501 adult patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC, RCC-specific mortality accounted for 18,258 (81.1 %) deaths, while mortality due to cardiovascular (CV) events was 737 (3.3 %). The overall incidence rate of metastatic RCC increased over time (p-value &lt; 0.001). A significant interaction between time and sex was found, indicating greater increase in metastatic RCC incidence rates in males than females over time (p &lt; 0.001 for interaction). There was no statistically significant difference in metastatic RCC-specific mortality rate between sexes (p = 0.25) or over time (p = 0.89). The combined CV mortality rate (in both sexes) increased from 0.02 to 0.04 during the years 2005–2020 and was statistically significant (p = 0.001) with no significant difference in mortality between sexes (p = 0.13). The trend of increasing metastatic RCC incidence with no change in all cause and metastatic RCC specific mortality would suggest benefit of advances in therapy. However, the slow but gradual rise in CV mortality needs to be further studied. Keywords: advanced renal cell carcinoma, cardiovascular mortality, sex</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of carcinomas among children and adolescents with birth defects","authors":"Jeremy M. Schraw ,&nbsp;Ji Yun Tark ,&nbsp;Tania A. Desrosiers ,&nbsp;Tiffany M. Chambers ,&nbsp;Charles J. Shumate ,&nbsp;Wendy N. Nembhard ,&nbsp;Mahsa M. Yazdy ,&nbsp;Eirini Nestoridi ,&nbsp;Mary Frances Wedekind Malone ,&nbsp;Theodore W. Laetsch ,&nbsp;Brigitte C. Widemann ,&nbsp;Amanda E. Janitz ,&nbsp;Jean Paul Tanner ,&nbsp;Russell S. Kirby ,&nbsp;Jason L. Salemi ,&nbsp;Logan G. Spector ,&nbsp;Chad D. Huff ,&nbsp;Sharon E. Plon ,&nbsp;Philip J. Lupo","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Birth defects are associated with childhood cancer, but little is known regarding pediatric carcinomas, a group of especially rare tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any carcinoma, as well as thyroid, hepatocellular, and renal carcinoma specifically, up to 18 years of age among children with major, non-syndromic anomalies or chromosomal/genetic syndromes, relative to unaffected children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our registry-linkage study included nine states and 21,933,476 children between 1990 and 2018: 641,827 with non-syndromic anomalies, and 49,619 with syndromes. Carcinomas were diagnosed in 833 children, including 35 with non-syndromic anomalies and eight with syndromes. The hazard of carcinoma was increased both among children with non-syndromic anomalies (HR: 1.7, CI: 1.2–2.4; N = 35) and syndromes (HR: 4.7, CI: 2.3–9.5; N = 7). Hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with non-syndromic anomalies (HR: 4.6, CI: 2.2–9.7; N = 8) and syndromes (HR: 8.0, CI: 1.1–58.1; N &lt; 5). The hazard of renal carcinoma was markedly increased in children with tuberous sclerosis (HR 59.6, CI: 23.7–149.5; N = 5), a known cause of renal cancer. Thyroid carcinoma was not associated with non-syndromic anomalies or syndromes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Birth defects are associated with hepatocellular and renal carcinoma in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity and race as modifiers of the association between patient sex and stage at diagnosis of bladder cancer","authors":"Natalie Mesa ,&nbsp;Sophia Perez ,&nbsp;Lizis Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Pura Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Alan M. Nieder ,&nbsp;Noël C. Barengo","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With over 80,000 projected new diagnoses in 2024, bladder cancer remains a significant public health concern. Given the absence of routine screening protocols, identifying high-risk populations becomes crucial for early detection and intervention. This study aimed to investigate whether race and ethnicity modify the association between sex and stage at diagnosis in adults with primary bladder cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analytical cross-sectional study of 235,586 patients was completed using the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients 18 years and older diagnosed with a primary bladder malignancy from 2000 to 2019. The exposure variable was sex, and the primary outcome was the stage at diagnosis. An unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, effect modification was explored by including the interaction term between the exposure variable and race and ethnicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our data revealed that ethnicity and race were effect modifiers of the association between sex and stage at diagnosis of primary bladder cancer. Among non-Hispanic (NH) White, Hispanic, and NH-Black women, the RRR of Distant vs. In-Situ staging increased by 75 % (RRR 1.75; 95 % CI 1.65–1.86), 86 % (RRR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.56–2.22), and 96 % (RRR 1.96; 95 % CI 1.64–2.33) respectively. The RRR for Regional vs In-Situ staging in Hispanic and NH-Black women increased by 60 % (RRR 1.60; 95 % CI 1.38–1.87) and 78 % (RRR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.53–2.07) respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings emphasize the importance of tailoring prevention, screening, and treatment strategies to address disparities among high-risk groups. Future studies may investigate the influence of risk factors such as smoking status on this association between race and ethnicity and stage at diagnosis of bladder cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"County socioeconomic status and premature mortality from cancer in the United States","authors":"Aleah L. Thomas ,&nbsp;Rachel J. Kulchar ,&nbsp;Erica S. Stephens ,&nbsp;Lee Mason ,&nbsp;Sarah S. Jackson ,&nbsp;Alexandra R. Harris ,&nbsp;Aldenise P. Ewing ,&nbsp;Meredith S. Shiels ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Pichardo ,&nbsp;Jennifer K. McGee-Avila ,&nbsp;Wayne R. Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There are consistent data demonstrating socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with cancer survivorship among older adults, but research on the relationship between area-level SES and risk of premature mortality from cancer remains not well understood. This study investigated the association between county-level SES and premature mortality from cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Demographic characteristics and causes of death were ascertained from the national death certificate data for years 2016–2020. Premature cancer death was defined as cancer mortality between ages 25–64. County SES was calculated using the Yost Index and categorized into distribution-based quintiles (1 =lowest SES, 5=highest SES). To calculate the mortality-adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) for the associations between county SES and cancer, we performed multivariable linear mixed models, adjusting for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3143 counties were included. The age-adjusted mortality rates of all cancers combined were 107.6, 98.4, 88.6, 81.1, and 66.7 per 100,000 population for the 5 SES quintiles, respectively. Compared with high SES counties, low SES counties had a 58 % greater premature cancer mortality rate (aRR_{quintile 1 vs.}5 =1.58, 95 %CI: 1.55–1.60). Similar associations were observed when stratified by sex, though risk was greatest among men ([aRR_women=1.48, 95 %CI: 1.45–1.52]; [aRR_men=1.66, 95 %CI: 1.62–1.70]). Among leading cancer types, the association was greatest for lung cancer mortality for the lowest SES counties (aRR=2.03; 95 %CI: 1.98–2.08).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that lower SES counties are at greater risk of premature mortality from cancer. Place-based interventions should target the socioeconomic environment across the cancer control continuum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer: A nationwide, register-based cohort study based on Danish health data","authors":"Clarissa L.B. Frandsen ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Sørensen ,&nbsp;Thomas Maltesen ,&nbsp;Christian Munk ,&nbsp;Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Allan Jensen ,&nbsp;Susanne K. Kjær","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of differentiated and papillary thyroid cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included all individuals assigned female at birth and born during 1962–1996 in Denmark. Information on vital status, PCOS- and cancer diagnoses, and covariates were attained from various Danish nationwide registers. Personal identification numbers assigned to all individuals at birth are used throughout all registers and allows accurate individual-level data linkage. Using Cox regression analysis, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for differentiated thyroid cancer (overall and separately for papillary thyroid cancer) according to diagnosis of PCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The final study cohort comprised 990 850 individuals. During follow-up, we identified 980 individuals with incident differentiated thyroid cancer, of whom 15 were previously diagnosed with PCOS. We found no increased rate of differentiated thyroid cancer for individuals with PCOS (HR=1.52, 95 % CI:0.91–2.53). However, a positive association for women diagnosed with thyroid cancer within 10 years after PCOS diagnosis (HR=3.81, 95 % CI:1.90–7.66) compared to women without PCOS was seen. Of note, none of the individuals were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer within the first three years following the PCOS diagnosis. Results were similar for papillary thyroid cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found no association when investigating the association between PCOS and differentiated and papillary thyroid cancer overall, though we did find a positive association in the first 10 years after PCOS diagnosis. Even this large study was limited by the low number of cancer cases in exposed individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D-related genetic variants and prostate cancer risk in Black men","authors":"Tracy M. Layne ,&nbsp;Joseph H. Rothstein ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Song ,&nbsp;Shaneda Warren Andersen ,&nbsp;Emma K.T. Benn ,&nbsp;Weiva Sieh ,&nbsp;Robert J. Klein","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer has primarily been characterized among White men. Black men, however, have higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates, chronically low circulating vitamin D levels, and ancestry-specific genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes. Here, we examine critical genes in the vitamin D pathway and prostate cancer risk in Black men.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed a total of 73 candidate variants in genes (namely <em>GC</em>, <em>CYP27A1</em>, <em>CYP27B1</em>, <em>CYP24A1</em>, <em>VDR</em>, and <em>RXRA</em>) including functional variants previously associated with prostate cancer and circulating 25(OHD) in White men. Associations with prostate cancer risk were examined using genome-wide association study data for approximately 10,000 prostate cancer cases and 10,000 controls among Black men and over 85,000 cases and 91,000 controls among White men for comparison. A statistical significance threshold of 0.000685 was used to account for the 73 variants tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>None of the variants examined were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk among Black men after multiple comparison adjustment. Suggestive associations (P &lt; 0.05) for four variants were found in Black men, including two in <em>RXRA</em> (rs41400444 OR=1.09, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.17, <em>P</em> = 0.024 and rs10881574 OR = 0.93, 0.87–1.00, <em>P</em> = 0.046) and two in <em>VDR</em> (rs2853563 OR = 1.07, 1.01–1.13, <em>P</em> = 0.017 and rs1156882 OR = 1.06, 1.00–1.12, <em>P</em> = 0.045). Two variants in <em>VDR</em> were also positively associated with risk in White men (rs11568820 OR = 1.04, 1.02–1.06, <em>P</em> = 0.00024 and rs4516035 OR = 1.03, 1.01–1.04, <em>P</em> = 0.00055).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed suggestive associations between genetic variants in <em>RXRA</em> and <em>VDR</em> and prostate cancer risk in Black men. Future research exploring the relationship of vitamin D with cancer risk in Black men will need larger sample sizes to identify ancestry-specific variants relevant to risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3ß inhibitor use and prostate cancer incidence in Manitoba, Canada: A population-based nested case–control study","authors":"Christiaan H. Righolt ,&nbsp;Emrah Sever ,&nbsp;Salaheddin M. Mahmud","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little is known on the effect of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß inhibitors (GSK3Is), as a class, on prostate cancer (PC). We aimed to study this in the Canadian province of Manitoba, because mixed results have been reported on the effect of valproate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nested case-control study among cancer-free Manitobans with ≥ 5 years of medical history in which we matched all men 40 years or older diagnosed with PC between 2000 and 2018 (N = 11,189) on period, age, length of available drug information to cancer-free controls (N = 55,728). We used conditional logistic regression to analyze GSK3I use (lithium, valproate, olanzapine, famotidine). We repeated this analysis for bipolar disorder and for epilepsy, the main indications for GSK3I and performed period, dose, and duration analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Roughly the same proportion of cases and controls were ever-users of GSK3Is (4.0 % vs. 4.5 %). GSK3I use among the general population was associated with a reduced risk of PC (OR=0.81; 95 % CI 0.72–0.91). This effect was seen for both famotidine, 0.87 (0.76–1.00), and olanzapine, 0.72 (0.54–0.96). Valproate appeared to have a protective effect on PC for epilepsy patients (0.35, 0.12–0.99). None of the GSK3Is seem to affect PC risk in bipolar disorder patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Possible protection against PC from olanzapine or famotidine is not supported by a period, dose, or duration response and this effect could be due to chance and/or residual confounding. Valproate was possibly associated with a lower risk of PC in epilepsy patients, but a larger analysis would be needed to confirm that this association was not due to chance given the uncertainty in the period, dose, and duration analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}