Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and the risk of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,678,582 participants","authors":"Faramarz Jalili ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hajizadeh ,&nbsp;Sanaz Mehrabani ,&nbsp;Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy ,&nbsp;Felicity MacIsaac","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2024.102598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (n-SES) and the risk of incidence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC).</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and Scopus without any limitation until October 11, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies in adult subjects (≥18 years) which provided data on the association between n-SES and CRC-related incidence and mortality. Relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were pooled by employing a random-effects model. We employed validated methods to assess study quality and publication bias, utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality evaluation, subgroup analysis to find possible sources of heterogeneity, Egger's regression asymmetry and Begg's rank correlation tests for bias detection and sensitivity analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Finally, 24 studies (21 cohorts and 3 cross-sectional studies) from seven different countries with 1678,582 participants were included. The analysis suggested that a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased incidence of CRC (RR=1.11; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.14; I²=64.4 %; p&lt;0.001; n=46). The analysis also indicated a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of mortality of CRC (RR=1.21; 95 % CI: 1.16, 1.26; I²=76.4 %; p&lt;0.001; n=23). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that there was a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of incidence of CRC in colon location (RR=1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.10; I2=0.0 %; p=0.001; n=8), but not rectal location. In addition, subgroup analysis for covariates adjustment suggested that body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, or sex adjustment may influence the relationship between n-SES and the risk of incidence and mortality in CRC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Lower n-SES was found to be a contributing factor to increased incidence and mortality rates associated with CRC, highlighting the substantial negative impacts of lower n-SES on cancer susceptibility and health outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring age-standardized cancer incidence rates and regional disparities: A retrospective cohort study of 8 major cancers in South Korea","authors":"Dagyeong Lee ,&nbsp;Hye-won Yun ,&nbsp;Nayeon Kim ,&nbsp;Juwon Park ,&nbsp;Kyu-won Jung ,&nbsp;Mina Suh ,&nbsp;Dong Wook Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2024.102594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We analyzed trends in cancer incidence and regional disparities of eight major types of cancer in Korea.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study used the data of 17 cities/provinces from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (1999–2020) in South Korea. Age-standardized incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years), between-group variance (per 100,000 person-years)², and annual percentage changes ( %) were calculated for the eight most common malignancies. Joinpoint regression was utilized to identify the points at which significant changes occur in cancer incidence or regional disparity trends over time to characterize these trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The incidence of stomach cancer decreased as regional disparity decreased and that of colorectal cancer initially increased but recently declined, showing fluctuations in regional disparity. The incidence and regional disparity in liver cancer decreased. The incidence of lung cancer remained stable, with reduced regional disparities. The incidence of breast cancer rose with increasing regional disparity, whereas the incidence of cervical cancer decreased, accompanied by decreased regional disparity. A significant increase in prostate cancer was found, with initially reduced regional disparities but later showed a resurgence. The incidence of thyroid cancer fluctuated alongside variations in regional disparities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study revealed cancer incidence and regional variations in each cancer type in Korea. More studies are needed to understand the underlying factors and potential interventions for reducing cancer incidence and addressing regional disparity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877782124000730/pdfft?md5=653b56d1eecefb4fbb79cb792773bbdb&pid=1-s2.0-S1877782124000730-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint association of drinking alcohol and obesity in relation to cancer risk: A systematic review and data synthesis","authors":"Graeme A. Macdonald ,&nbsp;James A. Thomas ,&nbsp;Christine Dalais ,&nbsp;Bradley J. Kendall ,&nbsp;Aaron P. Thrift","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2024.102596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rates of alcohol consumption and obesity are increasing in many Western populations. For some cancer types, both heavy alcohol consumption and obesity are independently associated with increased risk. Whether combined exposure to both synergistically increases an individual's risk of cancer is unclear. We performed a systematic review to assess whether alcohol and obesity interact to confer higher risk for cancer than the additive sum of their effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic literature search was conducted from the inception date to 13 February 2024 of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify studies of alcohol, obesity, and cancer risk. We aimed to undertake a meta-analysis if there were sufficient data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The literature search identified 17,740 potentially eligible studies. After review, 24 studies were included. Eleven reported on the association between alcohol consumption and cancer risk in individuals according to their body mass index (BMI), nine reported on the association between BMI and cancer risk in individuals according to their alcohol consumption, and six studies examined potential synergistic interactions between alcohol consumption and obesity on cancer risk. However, there were insufficient data and significant heterogeneity in the cancers studied to undertake meta-analysis, therefore a systemic review and narrative synthesis was conducted. Overall, there was no consistent pattern of interaction between alcohol use and overweight/obesity on cancer risk across cancer types.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While alcohol and obesity are prevalent and important risk factors for a range of cancers, data are lacking on whether their combined exposure may synergistically increase an individual's risk for cancer. Further study across more cancer types is required to better understand the nature of interactions between alcohol use and obesity on cancer risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation near GRB10 associated with bone growth and osteosarcoma risk in canine and human populations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Canine and human osteosarcoma are similar in clinical presentation and tumor genomics. Giant breed dogs experience elevated osteosarcoma incidence, and taller stature remains a consistent risk factor for human osteosarcoma. Whether evolutionarily conserved genes contribute to both human and canine osteosarcoma predisposition merits evaluation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A multi-center sample of childhood osteosarcoma patients and controls underwent genome-wide genotyping and imputation. Ancestry-adjusted SNP associations were calculated within each dataset using logistic regression, then meta-analyzed across the three datasets, totaling 1091 patients and 3026 controls. Ten regions previously associated with canine osteosarcoma risk were mapped to the human genome, spanning ∼6 Mb. We prioritized association testing of 5985 human SNPs mapping to candidate osteosarcoma risk regions detected in Irish wolfhounds, the largest dog breed studied. Secondary analyses explored 6289 additional human SNPs mapping to candidate osteosarcoma risk regions identified in Rottweilers and greyhounds.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fourteen SNPs were associated with human osteosarcoma risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons, all within a 42 kb region of human Chromosome 7p12.1. The lead variant was rs17454681 (OR=1.25, 95 %CI: 1.12–1.39; P=4.1×10⁻⁵), and independent risk variants were not observed in conditional analyses. While the associated region spanned 2.1 Mb and contained eight genes in Irish wolfhounds, associations were localized to a 50-fold smaller region of the human genome and strongly implicate <em>GRB10</em> (growth factor receptor-bound protein 10) in canine and human osteosarcoma predisposition. PheWAS analysis in UK Biobank data identified noteworthy associations of the rs17454681 risk allele with varied measures of height and pubertal timing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our comparative oncology analysis identified a novel human osteosarcoma risk allele near <em>GRB10</em>, a growth inhibitor that suppresses activated receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R, PDGFRB, and EGFR. Epidemiologists may benefit from leveraging cross-species comparisons to identify haplotypes in highly susceptible but genetically homogenous populations of domesticated animals, then fine-mapping these associations in diverse human populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187778212400078X/pdfft?md5=19622a51d52db1824060f77c4375677c&pid=1-s2.0-S187778212400078X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity assessment methods and their significance in predicting the results of treatment of older patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries for cancer – A scoping review","authors":"Urszula Skorus-Zadęcka,&nbsp;Apolonia Miążek,&nbsp;Natalia Zmysłowska,&nbsp;Kuba Kupniewski,&nbsp;Jakub Kenig","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2024.102597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The scoping review was performed to identify methods of comorbidity assessment and to evaluate their significance in predicting the results of treatment of older patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries for cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and European Trials Register were searched for eligible studies investigating the impact of comorbidity on various postoperative outcomes of patients aged ≥65. Findings were narratively reported.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review identified 40 studies with a total population of 59,612 patients, using eight different methods of comorbidity assessment. The most used was Charlson Comorbidity Index (60 % of studies) and presence of specific comorbid conditions (38 %). No study provided rationale for the choice of specific comorbidity measure. Most of the included studies reported short-term results (75 %), such as postoperative complications (43 %) and mortality (18 %) as main clinical endpoint. The results were inconsistent across the studies.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>There is still no consensus regarding the choice of comorbidity measures and their role in postoperative outcome prediction. Further efforts are needed to develop new, well-designed, more effective comorbidity assessments tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer among women of reproductive age, 1990–2019","authors":"Siqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangwei Yang ,&nbsp;Weiwen Xu ,&nbsp;Liyuan Han ,&nbsp;Guofang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ting Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer has demonstrated a discernible feminization and a tendency towards younger onset in recent decades. Therefore, our objective is to examine the most recent patterns in the worldwide prevalence of TBL among women of reproductive age on a global, regional, and national scale.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To assess the prevalence trends of TBL in women of reproductive age, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These calculations were based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 1990 to 2019, there was a global increase in the absolute number of incidence cases, deaths, and DALYs of TBL in women of reproductive age. However, the ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates were decreasing over this period, with EAPC of -0.77 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: -1.03 to -0.51), -1.08 (95 % CI: -1.34 to -0.82), and -1.10 (95 % CI: -1.36 to -0.84), respectively. This trend was observed even in regions with higher Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). East Asia consistently had the highest ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rate, but there was a decreasing trend. Conversely, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa displayed an increasing burden pattern. When examining countries individually, Monaco, Greenland, and Palau had the highest ASIR. Moreover, in most countries, the ASIR for TBL increased with age, particularly among women aged 35–49 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite a global decline in ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALY rates for TBL in women of reproductive age over the past three decades, there is still a troubling increase observed in low- and low-middle SDI regions. It is crucial to implement effective preventive and curative measures in these regions in order to address this concerning trend.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluconazole and levofloxacin prophylaxis are ineffective strategies for preventing infections in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy","authors":"Luiz Ricardo Soldi ,&nbsp;Marcelo José Barbosa Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Acute myeloid leukemia patients are at high risk for infections, which contribute to increased mortality rates of up to 70%. The use of antimicrobial prophylaxis has been shown to significantly lower rates of infection. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of two agents that showed effective results in the literature, levofloxacin and fluconazole, as prophylaxis strategies in AML patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A total of 85 AML patients’ medical records treated with a 7+3 induction chemotherapy protocol in the Cancer Hospital of Uberlândia from 2017 to 2021 were screened and their data was collected. Within these patients, groups for analysis were created based on whether the acting physician included an antibacterial or antifungal prophylaxis protocol during induction. Contingency tables with χ² and odds ratio tests were realized to verify associations between prophylaxis and infection. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves with Cox regression were developed to analyze survival.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The use of prophylaxis with either fluconazole or levofloxacin did not lower rates of infection, as those who with prophylaxis did not demonstrate significant differences when compared to those without (20.3–29.7%, and 12.3–23.3%, respectively). Patients who suffered a bacterial infection during induction were shown to have lower overall survival, with a similar trend seen in fungal infections.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bacterial and fungal infections were associated with higher rates of induction mortality and lower overall survival, and prophylaxis using fluconazole and levofloxacin did not present any significant difference in preventing these infections in this study, contrasting results found in the literature. The individuality of each treatment center should be taken into consideration and future studies should be realized to better determine the most effective methods and agents for prophylaxis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national cancer burdens of respiratory and digestive tracts in 1990–2044: A cross-sectional and age-period-cohort forecast study","authors":"Weiqiu Jin ,&nbsp;Kaichen Huang ,&nbsp;Mengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weitong Gao ,&nbsp;Qingquan Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Ye ,&nbsp;Zheng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102583","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understanding the current status and future trends of cancer burdens by systems provides important information for specialists, policymakers, and specific risk populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to compare the current and future cancer burdens of the gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory tracts in terms of their magnitude and distribution. Data from a total of eight cancers of the digestive and respiratory tracts in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database were collected. The age-standardized incidence/death rates (ASIR/ASDRs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were analyzed. Future trends were predicted with Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) and NORDPRED models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2019, there was a significant increase in DALY for both digestive and respiratory tract cancers compared to 1990. Meanwhile, ASIR increased slightly and ASDR decreased notably. In 2019, the global cancer burdens of respiratory and digestive tracts were 38568363.53 and 66912328.72 in DALY, 34.28 and 55.32 in ASIR, and 656.82 and 808.22 in ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of +54.63% and +43.93%, +2.92% and +5.65%, and −17.39% and −26.83% compared to those in 1990, respectively. Significant cross-regional differences in the cancer burdens were observed among the regions. Compared to four representative chronic diseases, the burden of cancers showed less remission and greater global inequalities. The burdens of both digestive and respiratory tract cancers were higher in males than in females in terms of the ASIR, ASDR, and DALY. The incidence and mortality rates of respiratory tract cancers were up to 3–4 times higher in males than in females, whereas the difference between male and female rates of digestive tract cancers was relatively smaller. The main risk factor associated with all kinds of digestive and respiratory tract cancers is tobacco, leading to 18.5 in ASDR and 3.38×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; in DALY for respiratory tract cancers; 8.29 in ASDR and 1.60×10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; in DALY for digestive tract cancers, in 2019. Additionally, alcohol use contributes to most digestive and respiratory tract cancers (1.23/1.03 in ASDR and 1.60×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/2.57×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; in DALY for respiratory tract cancers; 4.19/3.82 in ASDR and 4.49×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;/8.06×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; in DALY for digestive tract cancers), except for stomach cancer and tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer. The cancer burdens of respiratory and digestive tracts are likely to decrease substantially between 2020 and 2044. For most metrics, except for the ASIR and male-to-female ratios of ASDR and ASDALY in digestive tract cancers, the worldwide variances of burden metrics have been decreasing in the past decades and will possibly maintain stable trends in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The epidemiology of respiratory and GI tract cancers has common features and","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of patients who had cancer diagnosed through an emergency hospital admission: A retrospective matched case-comparison study in Australia","authors":"Rebecca J. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Geoffrey P. Delaney ,&nbsp;Gaston Arnolda ,&nbsp;Winston Liauw ,&nbsp;Reidar P. Lystad ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Braithwaite","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2024.102584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Individuals diagnosed with cancer via emergency admission are likely to have poor outcomes. This study aims to identify cancer diagnosed through an emergency hospital admission and examine predictors associated with mortality within 12-months.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A population-based retrospective 1:1 propensity-matched case-comparison study of people who had an emergency versus a planned hospital admission with a principal diagnosis of cancer during 2013–2020 in New South Wales, Australia using linked hospital, cancer registry and mortality records. Conditional logistic regression examined predictors of mortality at 12-months.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 28,502 matched case-comparisons. Individuals who had an emergency admission were four times more likely to die within 12-months (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.93; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.75–4.13) compared to individuals who had a planned admission for cancer. Older individuals, diagnosed with lung (OR 1.89; 95 %CI 1.36–2.63) or digestive organ, excluding colorectal (OR1.78; 95 %CI 1.30–2.43) cancers, where the degree of spread was metastatic (OR 3.61; 95 %CI 2.62–4.50), who had a mental disorder diagnosis (OR 2.08; 95 %CI 1.89–2.30), lived in rural (OR 1.27; 95 %CI 1.17–1.37) or more disadvantaged neighbourhoods had a higher likelihood of death within 12-months following an unplanned admission compared to referent groups. Females (OR 0.87; 95 %CI 0.81–0.93) had an 13 % lower likelihood of mortality within 12-months compared to males.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While some emergency cancer admissions are not avoidable, the importance of preventive screening and promotion of help-seeking for early cancer symptoms should not be overlooked as mechanisms to reduce emergency admissions related to cancer and to improve cancer survival.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877782124000638/pdfft?md5=c08f525134bb6112361f06b9878240bb&pid=1-s2.0-S1877782124000638-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metric for comparison and visualization of age disparities in cancer survival","authors":"Frantisek Zitricky ,&nbsp;Kari Hemminki","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2024.102586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Diagnostic age is an important determinant of cancer survival but the methods generally used to analyze age-group-specific survival are not developed for ready visualization of survival differences. We aim at developing a novel metric for comparing and visualizing age-group-specific survival data over different cancers, sexes, periods and countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The metric describes the mean absolute deviation between age-groups. The metric can be used in two variations, one showing the mean variation and its 95% confidence intervals and the other highlighting individually each age-groups distinguishing positive or negative deviations. We demonstrate the applications with age-group- specific 5-year relative survival data from the NORDCAN database</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean absolute deviation between age-groups for Swedish colon cancer survival declined from about 5% in 1972–1981–1% in 1992–2001 and to 1.3% in 2012–2021. Patients diagnosed before age 50 years accounted for the largest positive deviation. For acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the mean deviation increased from 4% (female) to 17% and 23%. Patients diagnosed at age below 50 years showed the largest deviations. Comparing colon cancer mean deviations between the Nordic countries, a time-related decline was observed for all, those in Sweden ending at the lowest and in Finland the highest level.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We demonstrated the usefulness of the devised metric for summarizing age-specific survival data between cancers, sexes, periods and countries. The two variations of the metric allow a simple visual presentation of the survival experience as to deviation of the survival data, its 95%CIs and its highlighted individual age-group components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877782124000651/pdfft?md5=e28fb0258c5fc5f5c98bbd060a289e65&pid=1-s2.0-S1877782124000651-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}