Leukemia epidemiology and burden of disease in South Africa: 2015–2019

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY

Cancer Epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1016/j.canep.2025.102818

Rochelle Woudberg , Sarah Muriel Meiring , Edina Sinanovic

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Leukemia ranks as the 11th most prevalent cancer globally, contributing significantly to the cancer burden. Despite its rising impact, recent epidemiological data on leukemia in South Africa remain limited. This study investigates the incidence, mortality trends, and disease burden of leukemia in South Africa from 2015 to 2019.

Methods

Leukemia incidence data were obtained from the South African National Cancer Registry, and mortality data from Statistics South Africa for 2015–2019. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using mid-year population data and the Segi world standard population for standardization. The burden of disease was quantified using Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Rates were compared by age, sex, year, and province.

Results

There were 2 001 new cases of leukemia and 1 244 deaths reported, with an incidence rate of 4.11 per 100,000 and mortality rate of 3.01 per 100,000 population. The male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1 and the mean age was 38 years at diagnosis and 53 at death. Acute myeloid leukemia was the most common type of leukemia in South Africa. Gauteng had the highest age standardized incidence rate (4.92 per 100,000), and the Western Cape had the highest age standardized mortality rate (3.98 per 100,000). In 2019, leukemia accounted for 6 309 DALYs, with a decline in age standardized DALY (-1.04 %) and YLL (-4.7 %) rate, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides up-to-date incidence and mortality data, expressing the burden of leukemia in South Africa. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rates showed favorable patterns over the study period. However, the incidence rates showed an increase, which may reflect the progressive aging and growth of the population. These findings highlight the need for sustained efforts to improve leukemia detection, treatment access, and healthcare quality in South Africa.

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南非白血病流行病学和疾病负担：2015-2019

白血病是全球第11大最常见的癌症，对癌症负担有重大贡献。尽管其影响越来越大，但最近关于南非白血病的流行病学数据仍然有限。本研究调查了2015年至2019年南非白血病的发病率、死亡率趋势和疾病负担。方法2015-2019年白血病发病率数据来自南非国家癌症登记处，死亡率数据来自南非统计局。使用年中人口数据和Segi世界标准化标准人口计算年龄标准化发病率和死亡率。疾病负担采用生命损失年数（YLLs）、残疾生活年数（YLDs）和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）进行量化。比率按年龄、性别、年份和省份进行比较。结果全年报告白血病新发病例2 001例，死亡1 244例，发病率为4.11 / 10万，死亡率为3.01 / 10万。男女比例为1.1:1，诊断时平均年龄38岁，死亡时平均年龄53岁。急性髓性白血病是南非最常见的白血病类型。豪登省的标准化年龄发病率最高（每10万人4.92人），西开普省的标准化年龄死亡率最高（每10万人3.98人）。2019年，白血病DALY占6309例，年龄标准化DALY（-1.04 %）和YLL（-4.7 %）率分别下降。结论：本研究提供了最新的发病率和死亡率数据，表达了南非白血病的负担。在研究期间，年龄标准化死亡率和DALY率显示出有利的模式。但发病率呈上升趋势，这可能反映了人口的逐渐老龄化和增长。这些发现强调了南非需要持续努力改善白血病的检测、治疗和医疗质量。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cancer Epidemiology 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

3.80%

发文量

200

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Cancer Epidemiology is dedicated to increasing understanding about cancer causes, prevention and control. The scope of the journal embraces all aspects of cancer epidemiology including: • Descriptive epidemiology • Studies of risk factors for disease initiation, development and prognosis • Screening and early detection • Prevention and control • Methodological issues The journal publishes original research articles (full length and short reports), systematic reviews and meta-analyses, editorials, commentaries and letters to the editor commenting on previously published research.