Adicciones最新文献

{"title":"Gambling characteristics in Galicia: A Public Health problem.","authors":"Julia Rey-Brandariz, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, María Isolina Santiago-Pérez, María Lorenzo, Alberto Malvar, Xurxo Hervada","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1613","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the increase in gambling, gambling disorders have become a major social problem of importance for public health, affecting both adults and adolescents. The main objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of the Galician population who spent money on gambling in the last year and the prevalence of people with, or at risk of, gambling disorder. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2017 by the Galician Information System on Risk Behaviors (SICRI). The SICRI conducts annual telephone surveys of Galician residents who were at least 16 years of age, with the sample equidistributed over a 12-month period.  A total of 7,841 participants were selected using stratified random sampling. In order to estimate the prevalence of gambling disorder or at-risk gambling, The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire by Lesieur and Blume was applied. The prevalence of gambling and having or being at risk of gambling disorder was estimated and regression models were adjusted to identify variables associated with gambling disorder or being at risk. Of the Galician population aged 16 years and older, 58.1% (95% CI: 57.0-59.2) spent money on gambling in the 12 months previous to this study, with the highest prevalence of gambling found in men (64.6% vs. 52.2%) in all age groups. The prevalence of gambling disorder or at-risk gambling at the population level is 1.6% (95% CI 1.3-1.9), and is higher among men and younger gamblers. The prevalence obtained signals to gambling as a major public health concern, with young males being at greater risk of developing a gambling problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25528281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation initiated by a binge drinking pattern, but not by acute alcohol intake, in female and male adolescents.","authors":"Milton Ramírez-Piña, Santiago Monleón, Concepción Vinader-Caerols","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1665","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive alcohol consumption is a worldwide public health problem, being adolescents and young adults the population most affected by this problem. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of having a history of binge drinking (BD) and/or acute alcohol consumption on the stress response in female and male adolescents. Participants were 235 adolescents (143 females and 92 males). Cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR) and perceived stress (PS) were evaluated in adolescents with different and similar blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). In Experiment 1, the effects of alcohol were studied separately in females and males because of differences in BAC. In Experiment 2, a direct comparison between sexes was carried out in a counterbalanced selection of participants with similar BAC. In Experiment 1, females receiving alcohol showed an increase in cortisol and HR, and binge drinkers displayed higher HR than refrainers. Male refrainers receiving alcohol showed higher HR, and binge drinkers showed higher cortisol and SBP than refrainers. In Experiment 2, similar results were observed and sex differences were evident, with males showing higher cortisol and SBP, and lower PS than females. In conclusion, the normal response of the adolescent HPA axis to alcohol consumption is an increase in cortisol levels in females, as well as HR in both sexes. In addition, a history of BD is associated with HPA axis dysregulation, which is manifested by higher values of cortisol (independently of sex), SBP in male and HR in female healthy adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"421-432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39705780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lockdown on the addictive behavior of university students in La Rioja.","authors":"Alicia Pérez-Albéniz,&nbsp;Cristina Nuez,&nbsp;Beatriz Lucas-Molina,&nbsp;Margarita Ezquerra,&nbsp;Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the consequences of the COVID-19 health crisis was the general lockdown. Research shows that lockdown situations may cause changes in addictive behaviors. The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of lockdown on the addiction pattern of university students in order to design interventions adjusted to the students' needs. The study was conducted through a non-probabilistic sample of 540 students, with a mean age of 22.3 years and a proportion of women of 69.3%. The results indicated a significant decrease in the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and psychotropic drugs during the participants' lockdown, both in the number of users and in the amounts consumed. Regarding behaviors related to behavioral addictions, participants showed a significant increase in problematic Internet use and use of video games and eSports, although the level of gambling decreased. Despite the fact that consumption patterns were reduced due to changes in the leisure and free time patterns of this population subgroup, it was possible to identify some indicators that deserve attention due to their increase, such as relapses in smoking, an increase in the number of participants who drank alcohol on a daily basis and an increase in the level of discomfort related to the use of technology. The implications of the results are analyzed and possible actions demanded by the students are examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 3","pages":"289-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49694258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance-using adolescents admitted to inpatient treatment: Characteristics and factors associated with length of time in treatment.","authors":"Alexandre Quelho Comandule,&nbsp;Maria de Fatima Rato Padin,&nbsp;Martha Canfield,&nbsp;Ronaldo Laranjeira","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1204","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of adolescents receiving inpatient substance use treatment remain limited. We explored the characteristics of adolescents who received substance use treatment as inpatients in a psychiatric hospital in Brazil and factors associated with length of time in this treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was performed. Electronic treatment records of 172 young people (aged 17 and below) receiving substance use treatment at Hospital Lacan in Brazil were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 15.18 years (SD = 1.39). The sample was characterised as predominately male (68.60%), who entered treatment involuntarily (80.81%), were out of school (89.82%), were involved with the criminal justice system (59.88%) and came from a family with substance use problems (74.67%). Re-admission to inpatient treatment for substance use problems was common. On average, adolescents received inpatient treatment for 3 months. Length of time in treatment was associated with: involuntary admission to treatment, re-admission to inpatient treatment, requests of discharge from treatment by a relative/caretaker, education level, leaving school due to aggressive behaviours and cocaine use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the complex profiles of adolescents receiving substance use treatment in Brazil. Cross-system collaboration between mental health, educational and justice services are needed to treat adolescents' substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38170184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 35-year follow-up study of patients admitted to methadone treatment between 1982-1984 in Asturias, Spain.","authors":"Luis Jiménez-Treviño,&nbsp;Clara Martínez-Cao,&nbsp;Fernando Sánchez-Lasheras,&nbsp;Celso Iglesias,&nbsp;María Jesús Antuña,&nbsp;Leonor Riera,&nbsp;Pilar Alejandra Sáiz,&nbsp;Julio Bobes","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1662","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to evaluate outcomes in a heroin-dependent population 35 years after first enrolment in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).  An ad hoc protocol was used to assess drug misuse, treatment, and drug-related morbidity in the survivor sample. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.  A total of 214 heroin-dependent patients entered MMT between 1982 and 1984 in the Asturias Public Health Service. Information was received on 195 subjects, of whom 146 were deceased.  Men accounted for 77.5% of the study cohort. Over the 35-year follow-up period, the SMR was 11.75 (95% CI = 9.95 - 13.77). In the survivor sample, 5.7% were still enrolled in MMT; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed in 38.77% and hepatitis B/C in 73.46%. No differences were found between sexes in mortality or HIV and hepatitis B/C status. None of the female survivors were using heroin at the 35-year follow-up compared with 5.26% of males. In conclusion, our study confirms the high long-term mortality rate of heroin addicts, even after enrollment in MMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39705779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology used to estimate alcohol-attributable mortality in Spain, 2001-2017.","authors":"Marta Donat,&nbsp;Luis Sordo,&nbsp;Juan Miguel Guerras,&nbsp;Julieta Politi,&nbsp;José Pulido,&nbsp;Gregorio Barrio","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1611","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective is to describe and discuss methods and assumptions to estimate the mortality attributable to alcohol in Spain in 2001-2017. The annual mean number of deaths attributable to alcohol (DAAs) was estimated based on 19 groups of alcohol-related causes of death (18 partially attributable and one directly attributable), and 20 alcohol population-attributable fractions (PAFs), resulting from combining sex, 5 age groups, and the periods 2001-2009 and 2010-2017, for each cause group. Deaths from causes were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. For partially attributable causes, Spain-specific PAFs were calculated using the Levin formula with alcohol exposure data from health surveys and sales statistics, and relative risks from international meta-analyses. Annual prevalences of ex-drinkers and seven levels of daily alcohol consumption were considered. The underestimation of self-reported daily average consumption with respect to the sales statistics was corrected by multiplying by a factor of 1.58-3.18, depending on the calendar year. DAA rates standardized by age and standardized proportions of general mortality attributable to alcohol, according to sex, age group, calendar period, type of drinker and autonomous community were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess how the DAA estimates changed when changing some methodological options, such as the ex-drinker criterion or the introduction of a latency period.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"265-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39027138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drugs of abuse and epigenetics: Past, present and future.","authors":"João P Silva,&nbsp;Félix Carvalho","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.2006","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.2006","url":null,"abstract":"carbon in the cytosine base (5-mC), catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (e.g., DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b), which mainly occurs in the CpG dinucleotides within the genome, and that is often associated with the repression of transcription (Kouzarides, 2007). Histone modifications relate to post-translational changes (e.g., acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation) in the amino acid residues of these proteins, which can cause transcriptional activation, silencing, and chromatin assembly. For example, histone acetyl transferases catalyze the addition of acetyl groups, usually on a lysine (K) residue, causing chromatin relaxation, which promotes a transcriptionally accessible state. Histone methylation may cause either gene activation or repression, depending on where it occurs. For example, promoter methylation may silence gene expression, whereas methylation occurring at another site of the DNA sequence may trigger the expression of a different gene (D’Addario et al., 2013). Noncoding RNAs (e.g., miRNAs) comprise a family of small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in a negative manner, controlling processes like chromosome dynamics, RNA editing or mRNA degradation (Korolev et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2018). Epigenetic changes","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 3","pages":"219-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of drug poisonings treated in eleven Spanish emergency departments: Differentiated analysis by sex.","authors":"Miguel Galicia,&nbsp;Dima Ibrahim-Achi,&nbsp;Òscar Miró,&nbsp;August Supervía,&nbsp;Jordi Puiguriguer,&nbsp;María Ángeles Leciñena,&nbsp;María José Venegas de L'Hotellerie,&nbsp;Beatriz Martín-Pérez,&nbsp;Ana Ferrer,&nbsp;Guillermo Burillo-Putze","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1670","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, emergency management and severity differences of drug poisoning treated in Emergency Departments (ED) from a gender perspective, data on patients from 11 Spanish EDs were recorded over 24 months (August 2017-July 2019). The severity of intoxication was compared by sex and was based on the combined adverse event (orotracheal intubation, cardiorespiratory arrest, intensive care hospitalization, and death). We included 4,526 patients (men 75.5%), with a mean age of 33 years. The most frequent drugs were: cocaine (47.8%), cannabis (44.4%) and amphetamines (25.5%). Men consumed more GHB (5.6% vs. 1.9%, p < .001) and less benzodiazepines (8.0% vs. 11.1%, p = .002) and alcohol (57.2% vs. 61.2%, p = .028) than women, with no differences in other types of drugs. Men presented significantly more severe bradycardia (OR = 4.39, 95%CI = 1.03-18.7), chest pain (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.27-2.35) and symptomatic hypertension (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.06-2.30) and less anxiety (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.61-0.89) and vomiting (OR = 0.64, CI95% = 0.51-0.80). Men had more combined adverse events (3.1% vs. 2.0%, p = .047) and a greater intubations (1.9% vs. 1.0%, p = .044), with no significant differences in the adjusted model (OR = 1.349, 95%CI = 0.827-2.202 and OR = 1.371, 95%CI = 0.700-2.685, respectively). Twelve patients died (0.3%), with no differences according to sex. Drug intoxications attended in the ED differ according to sex. GHB, benzodiazepines and alcohol are more frequently involved in men than women. Cardiovascular symptomatology is more prevalent in men, while anxiety and vomiting are more frequent in women, which cannot be explained by differences in sociodemographic characteristics or the drugs used. There were no differences in the severity of the intoxication episodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39705781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluations of interventions aimed at the prevention, treatment and/or rehabilitation of alcohol-related disorders: A systematic review.","authors":"Marta Trapero-Bertran, Dolors Gil-Doménech, Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martínez","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1649","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify economic evaluations of programmes or interventions aimed at the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of alcohol use disorders, as well as to determine those types of programmes, treatments or interventions that are efficient. The systematic literature review was conducted by searching the following databases: National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Health Technology Assessment (HTA), MEDLINE Ovid and PubMed. The search terms used were in English. No time restriction was applied. A data extraction form was used to draw information. The systematic review follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) on reporting systematic reviews. The interventions were classified into three categories: \"A\" treatments for people with alcohol use disorders (tertiary prevention); \"B\" treatments for people at risk for alcohol-related problems (secondary prevention); \"C\" policy legislation and enforcement interventions (primary prevention). Furthermore, the \"A\" interventions were subclassified into psychological, pharmacological and combined interventions. The review included 63 papers. In terms of treatments for people with alcohol use disorders, any psychosocial intervention compared to no intervention appeared to be a dominant strategy. In terms of treatments for people at risk of alcohol-related problems, brief intervention appears to be dominant or cost-effective when compared to no intervention. Advertising controls, tax increases, licensing, legal drinking age, and mass media campaigns seem to be dominant or cost-effective strategies compared to no intervention or random breath testing. Previous reviews have been extended by depicting alcohol programmes according to their efficiency. Despite this, the available studies in this regard have heterogeneous approaches and most do not adequately define the costs included in their analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the evaluation of the efficiency of these types of interventions to aid decision-making in public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"325-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39039099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tecnotest: A screening tool for technological addictions and gambling disorder.","authors":"Marta Marcos,&nbsp;Mariano Chóliz","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1380","DOIUrl":"10.20882/adicciones.1380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most pressing social and scientific issues, as reflected in the current priority lines of the National Drugs Plan (PNSD), is the development of screening tools for the early detection of addictions, particularly behavioral addictions, due to the impact that these problems are having on the growth of addictions in recent years, especially in adolescents and young people.</p><p><strong>Goal: </strong>The main goal of this research was to develop a screening tool for technological addictions (video games, mobile and social networks) and gambling for early detection in people suffering this kind of behavioral addiction.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>With technologies, in the absence of agreed clinical criteria, those participants who perceived themselves as having problems and, in addition, had received treatment for it, were selected. Regarding gambling, the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 were used. The three items that scored the highest Positive Predictive Values (PPV) in each of the four validated tests were selected. These indicators serve to distinguish those who use the technologies and/or gamble in a functional way and do not have any problems from those who already have an addictive problem with video games, mobile, social networks or gambling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This paper shows the finished screening tool with its main psychometric properties, which can be used by professionals working with adolescents in order to detect people who could have some addictive problem, in which case the psychologist can refer them to a specialized healthcare resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"0 0","pages":"235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39705777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}