Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of a 316 stainless steel coating prepared by high-speed laser cladding on an aluminum alloy plate","authors":"Hengyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Wangjun Cheng,&nbsp;Yuandong Yin,&nbsp;Yaoning Sun,&nbsp;Xiao Li","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01082-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01082-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aluminum alloy plates show great potential in energy storage and transportation applications. Nevertheless, the low surface strength of aluminum alloy plates negatively impacts their performance and safety. Aluminum alloys exhibit characteristics such as a low melting point, high reflectivity, and a rapid dilution rate, posing significant challenges for laser cladding coatings. This paper presented the surface modification mechanism of aluminum alloy plates. A stainless steel coating was successfully prepared on the surface of aluminum alloy substrates by using high-speed laser cladding technology. The microstructure, microscopic morphology, and microhardness of the coatings were conducted. The surface and sides of coatings were analyzed by XRD, SEM, EBSD, and microhardness testing, respectively. It is found that larger cellular crystals and carbides predominate at the junction of the substrate and the coating. The middle part of the 0.5-mm coating from the connection and the heat-affected zone are mainly dendritic crystals. The top of the 1-mm coating from the connection is mainly fine crystals. This means that local grain refinement occurs in the stainless steel coating via high-speed laser cladding. There is a transformation of FCC to BCC in the coating. Moreover, the cross-section of the coating exhibits a relatively high microhardness, ranging from 517 to 679 HV. The microhardness at the substrate is measured at 67 HV. The maximum microhardness of the coating is ten times that of the substrate. The bottom of the coating maintains a relatively high microhardness due to the presence of a large amount of carbides. The microhardness of the coating gradually increases from the middle to the surface of the coating. This is primarily attributed to solid solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening mechanisms. Columnar crystals at the metallurgical bond between the substrate and the coating transform into fine grains at the top, leading to a gradual refinement of the microstructure. High-speed laser cladding technology facilitates the enhancement of surface properties and the improvement of surface strength in traditional aluminum alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing mechanical properties and pioneering biodegradable polymer blends for superior energy-absorbing structures used in sport helmets","authors":"Mateusz Skwarski,&nbsp;Paweł Kaczyński,&nbsp;Anna Dmitruk,&nbsp;Piotr Makuła,&nbsp;Joanna Ludwiczak","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01075-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01075-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Replacing elements made of conventional plastics (like polystyrene) with biodegradable substitutes is part of the trend of sustainable development and waste reduction. The manuscript covers issues related to the design, manufacturing and testing of sports helmet protective inserts made of biodegradable material. The FEM numerical simulations carried out by the authors allowed to determine the optimal desirable mechanical properties (<i>R</i>_e = 8.5–65 MPa, <i>E</i> = 500–8000 MPa for 30 × 30 mm inserts; <i>R</i>_e = 10.5–60 MPa, <i>E</i> = 500–7500 MPa for 48 × 48 mm inserts; <i>R</i>_e = 13–95 MPa, <i>E</i> = 400–8500 MPa for 55 × 55 mm inserts) and geometric parameters (wall thickness equal to 0.2–0.5 mm, height of 20 mm), ensuring the formation of a plastic fold, which is the most effective energy-absorbing mechanism. The conducted quasi-static compression, bending and dynamic tensile strength tests allowed to determine blends with appropriate proportions of durable PLA with more plastic PBAT, PBS and TPS that meet the established criteria: PLA50PBAT50, PLA30PBAT70 and PLA30TPS70.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01075-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing mix design methods for using slag, ceramic, and glass waste powders in eco-friendly geopolymer mortars","authors":"Mohamed Aimen Boulebnane,&nbsp;Ahmed Abderraouf Belkadi,&nbsp;Kamel Boudeghdegh,&nbsp;Tarek Chiker,&nbsp;Amirouche Berkouche,&nbsp;Lysa Benaddache,&nbsp;Annelise Cousture,&nbsp;Salima Aggoun","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01077-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01077-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Faced with the urgent need to develop environmentally friendly alternatives to cementitious materials, geopolymers, made from combinations of various by-products, offer a promising solution. In recent years, statistical optimization methods have begun to be applied in the field of engineering. This study focuses on sustainable geopolymer mortars by incorporating industrial by-product powders, specifically blast furnace slag (SP), waste glass powder (GP), and ceramic powder (CP) as partial replacements. Compressive strength, flexural strength, workability, and density were evaluated for various ternary compositions using a Mix Design Model (MDM) approach. The main results revealed a synergistic interaction between SP and CP, with a 20% replacement of CP leading to a 16% increase in compressive strength, indicating optimal performance. Microstructural analysis using SEM, TGA, and FTIR highlighted a dense, crack-free matrix with extensive calcium aluminosilicate gel phases, particularly in the SP–CP mixture. Optimization through desirability profiling identified a 30% CP replacement as ideal for maximizing strength and workability. Controlled optimization of multi-component geopolymer synthesis using by-products streams proves to be a promising method for developing next-generation sustainable construction materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal impacts on the erosion of compacted bentonite under flow rate","authors":"Süleyman Bülbül,&nbsp;Majid sedighi,&nbsp;Ozer Sevim","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01084-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01084-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compacted bentonite is widely used as a filling and barrier material for underground storage of spent nuclear fuel waste due to its favorable properties. Over its design life, this compacted clay may be exposed to groundwater from the surrounding host rock. Depending on the modeling approaches and assumptions, the temperature to which the compacted bentonite will be exposed can vary. This paper presents the findings of laboratory investigations on the erosion of compacted bentonite at ambient temperature (26 °C) and elevated temperature (80 °C) temperatures. The compacted bentonite samples, with dry densities of 1.72 g/cm³ and 1.73 g/cm³ were subjected to erosion under a flow rate of 0.22 ml/min at 26 °C and 80 °C, respectively. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was employed to measure the size and quantity of the eroded particles. The amount of daily erosion and the size of the eroded particles were determined from effluent samples. The results indicate that the amount of eroded bentonite particles increased significantly with increasing temperature. Additionally, as temperature increased, the size of bentonite particles in the effluent decreased within a specific range. At 26 °C, particle sizes ranged from 59 to 6358 nm, whereas at 80 °C, the particle size distribution narrowed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process on the fatigue performance of the 7075 aluminum alloy","authors":"Chungai Zou,&nbsp;Yun Jiang,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Qinkai Guan,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Jiangping Nie","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01058-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01058-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of the gradient nanostructures on the fatigue properties of aluminum alloys remains limited. The ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) was utilized in this study to generate the gradient nanostructure on the surface of 7075 aluminum alloy, and the high fatigue properties with the stress ratio <i>R</i> =  – 1 were following tested. The findings indicated that the fatigue limits of 3- and 6-passes-treated samples were found to reach 225 MPa (125%) and 200 MPa (100%), respectively, surpassing those of untreated sample. The characterizations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) showed a positive correlation between the number of rolling passes and the enhancement of the gradient hardening layer and residual compressive stress, contributing to the improvement in fatigue limit. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis of the fracture indicated that the fatigue crack initiation site was altered as a result of surface modification, and the crack initiation point of the 3-passes-treated sample was located further from the surface. Additionally, finite-element simulation was employed to analyze the stress distribution across the cross-section, and the fatigue risk coefficient <i>R</i>_<i>f</i> was used to quantify the impact of residual stress distribution and surface hardening on the crack initiation site. The results demonstrated that USRP not only altered the surface condition of the aluminum alloy but also changed its stress distribution in the cross-section. The combined effect of the two controlled the crack initiation site and the fatigue life of the 7075 aluminum alloy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering and design of a last mile novel helmet concept","authors":"G. F. Serra,&nbsp;F. A. O. Fernandes,&nbsp;E. Noronha,&nbsp;R. J. Alves de Sousa","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01061-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01061-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern society witnessed a remarkable surge in urban mobility with the proliferation of micro-mobility sharing services. However, this transformation has also led to a worrisome increase in severe accidents and injured users. In addition, conventional helmets are significantly lacking in sustainability. This research investigates the feasibility and safety aspects of a novel bicycle helmet concept using cork as a protective liner. In comparison to traditional synthetic foams, cork offers eco-friendly advantages, such as recyclability and superior protection against multiple impacts. The newly proposed helmet is designed to provide enhanced sustainability and convenience, maintaining compliance with the EN 1078:2012+A1 standard whilst offering the capability to flatten for easy storage and transportation. Numerical simulations were conducted to optimise the design concept, and impact tests, in accordance with the European standard, were performed using physical prototypes categorised into three types of design configuration. The results from the standard impact test were outstanding, with the best performing configuration demonstrating a performance 36.8% below the standard’s threshold. This falls within the average performance range of a regular bicycle helmet made entirely of petrol-derived materials. Furthermore, it exhibited safe head injury criterion levels, indicating a minimal risk of severe head injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01061-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANN-enhanced determination and numerical model integration of activation energy and Zener–Hollomon parameter to evaluate microstructure evolution of AA6082 wheel forging","authors":"Imang Eko Saputro,&nbsp;Chun-Nan Lin,&nbsp;Intan Mardiono,&nbsp;Hsuan-Fan Chen,&nbsp;Junwei Chen,&nbsp;Marlon Ho,&nbsp;Yiin-Kuen Fuh","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01073-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01073-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the integration of two Arrhenius-constitutive model parameters, activation energy (Q) and the Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z), into a numerical model to evaluate their correlation with the microstructural evolution of AA6082 wheel forging. Isothermal tests powered by a Gleeble machine were conducted to establish the constitutive model of AA6082 material, with deformation temperatures and strain rates varying between 350–560 °C and 0.05–15 s⁻¹, respectively. Two types of Arrhenius methods were employed: strain-compensated Arrhenius and artificial neural network (ANN)-enhanced Arrhenius. The key difference between the two methods is that the former ignores the effects of deformation temperature and strain rate when determining the activation energy (Q) value, while the latter considers these factors. Integrating activation energy and Zener–Hollomon parameters into a numerical model by directly inputting the mathematical equation from the strain-compensated Arrhenius method resulted in significant overfitting at certain nodes and elements. To address this issue, a new approach using trilinear interpolation and behavior-based clamping methods on Q values generated by the ANN–Arrhenius method proved effective. Additionally, the ANN–Arrhenius method demonstrated superior accuracy, reducing the prediction’s average absolute relative error (AARE) from 3.14% (strain-compensated Arrhenius method) to 1.10%. A comparative study of the distribution of Q and Z values in numerical model simulations, alongside average grain size and shape examined with an optical microscope, revealed that the Q and Z parameters are beneficial for predicting grain characteristics in final workpieces. This study aims to bridge the gap in implementing activation energy and Zener–Hollomon parameters in more realistic forging scenarios and with more complex workpiece designs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based shear bearing capacity of concrete columns confined by transverse reinforcement subjected to lateral cyclic loading","authors":"Chongchi Hou,&nbsp;Yilei Lv,&nbsp;Wenzhong Zheng,&nbsp;Yichao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01080-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01080-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns subjected to lateral cyclic loading is an important mechanical property in investigating seismic behavior of concrete buildings. However, it is still difficult to accurately predict shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns using traditional analysis methods owing to its complex mechanical principle and indeterminate multivariable interrelationship. In this paper, an experimental study of 15 confined concrete columns subjected to lateral cyclic loading was conducted to explore the seismic behavior of confined concrete columns. Moreover, ANN and SVR models were established to accurately estimate the shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns based on a reliable test database consisting of 121 specimens conducted in this study and published literatures. Nine key parameters were considered as input variables, including cross-sectional area of core concrete, unconfined concrete compressive strength, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio, volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, yield strength of transverse reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement, and confinement type. Additionally, the model sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of parameters on shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns. Finally, the ANN and SVR models were evaluated by comparing with five existing predicted methods and experimental results indicating that the ANN and SVM models have enough accuracy and reliability in predicting shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns subjected to lateral cyclic loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of concavities on the ends of parts manufactured on CNC skew rolling mills","authors":"Zbigniew Pater,&nbsp;Tomasz Bulzak,&nbsp;Janusz Tomczak,&nbsp;Xuedao Shu,&nbsp;Yingxiang Xia","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01070-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01070-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the problem of concavity formation on the ends of parts manufactured on CNC skew rolling mills. Numerical modeling and Taguchi method were used to determine the effects of the main parameters of skew rolling (i.e., forming angle, skew angle, reduction ratio, temperature, steel grade, dimeter ratio, velocity ratio) on the depth of concavities formed on the product ends. The simulations showed that the only parameter to have a significant impact on the concavity depth was the reduction ratio. The FEM results were then used to establish equations for calculating concavity depth and allowance for excess material with concavity. For more universality, the established equations took into account the billet diameter. The experimental validation showed high agreement between the numerical and the experimental concavity depths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01070-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on microstructure of high-entropy alloy reinforced with ceramic particles formed by laser cladding","authors":"Xue-Long Wen,&nbsp;Lin-Yuan Song,&nbsp;Wen-Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Ya-Dong Gong,&nbsp;Feng-Bing Han","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01069-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01069-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructure of SiC ceramic particle-reinforced FeCoNiCrAl high-entropy alloy specimens prepared by laser cladding was observed, and the effects of SiC and Al content and laser process parameters on the microstructure of laser cladding high-entropy alloy were analyzed. The results show that increasing the scanning speed and laser power or reducing the powder feeding rate is conducive to obtaining smaller grains and forming a denser microstructure. However, when the laser power and scanning speed are too large, pores and unmelted powder will appear. Increasing the content of SiC ceramic particles significantly increases the number of heterogeneous nucleation points, resulting in a decrease in the grain size in the cladding layer and a more tortuous grain boundary, which is conducive to improving comprehensive performance. However, when the SiC content is too high, defects, such as cracks and inclusions, are prone to occur. With the increase of Al content, the grain size in the cladding layer increases first and then decreases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}