Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effects of polymer sealant interlayer on quality of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy lap joint prepared by friction stir welding","authors":"Andrzej Kubit,&nbsp;Hamed Aghajani Derazkola,&nbsp;Piotr Myśliwiec,&nbsp;Paulina Szawara,&nbsp;Ján Slota,&nbsp;Wojciech Macek","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01047-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of polymer interlayers on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of friction stir welded EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy joints. Aqualock AL 6002 (Adhesive_1) and 3M Adhesion Promoter 86A (Adhesive_2) were selected as polymeric sealants for EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy interfaces. Force analysis revealed that the choice of polymer interlayer significantly affects the axial force during welding, with Adhesive_1 joints showing a significant reduction in force compared to other variants. The axial force during FSW in Adhesive_1 was 18% less than in Adhesive_2. Cross-sectional analysis revealed distinct features in joint morphology and defects, with Adhesive_1 joints exhibiting favorable thermal stability and minimal defects compared to Adhesive_2 joints. Tensile strength analysis showed a significant increase in load capacity for the Adhesive_1 (9470N) joint, while the Adhesive_2 (5030N) joint exhibited reduced strength due to inadequate heat flow. The Adhesive_1 joint showed a 93% increase in tensile strength compared to Adhesive_2. The mixing of Adhesive_2 with the joint area produced hard complex particles that reduced the strength of the final joint. Fracture analysis revealed complex fracture mechanisms, with Adhesive_1 joints exhibiting ductile fracture zones and Adhesive_2 joints exhibiting quasi-cleavable intergranular cracking. Microhardness distribution analysis showed variation between the joint variants, with Adhesive_2 joints showing higher microhardness in the weld nugget.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01047-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crushing performance of cost-effective tubular components of AA 5083-O fabricated through friction stir welding process for automotive application","authors":"Debolina Sen,&nbsp;Bhupesh Singh Katiyar,&nbsp;Sushanta Kumar Panda,&nbsp;Surjya Kanta Pal","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01040-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01040-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tubular components of aluminium alloys find application in body-in-white to achieve weight reduction owing to growing demand of fuel efficiency in new age vehicles. However, fabrication of tubes through conventional extrusion route are restricted by tube size, cost and expensive dies. Therefore, tubular structures of AA 5083 (length to diameter ratio 2.5) were successfully fabricated cost-effectively adopting friction stir welding (FSW) process by designing an indigenous setup and a concave shoulder tool. Subsequently, the effect of weld zone (WZ) on crushing characteristics of welded tubes were assessed by compressing these tubes in axial and lateral directions between two flat platens. It was detected that the welded tubes underwent concertina mode of deformation during axial crushing, showing that the WZ had negligible impact on the collapse pattern. However, in lateral crushing formation of plastic hinge started from the WZ due to its thinning during welding. It is noteworthy that the WZ could withstand severe plastic deformation under non-linear strain path without any failure because of increase in its strength by approximately 87% as compared to base material (AA 5083), and less inhomogeneity amongst various zones. The specific energy absorption of tubes was found to be approximately 30 and 1.6 kJ/Kg during axial and lateral crushing, respectively. These values were found to be comparable with that of extruded tubes crushed under the above loading conditions reported in existing literature. The findings of the present work will encourage automotive industries to implement FSWed tubes as thin-walled energy absorbers to sustain different loadings during an event of crash.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy composites reinforced with graphene by T6 heat treatment and equal channel angular pressing","authors":"Song-Jeng Huang,&nbsp;Yudhistira Adityawardhana,&nbsp;Sathiyalingam Kannaiyan","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01048-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01048-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated the use of graphene as a reinforcement material in magnesium alloy (AZ91) composites. The composites were prepared through stir-casting followed by a novel strength improvement process using T6 heat treatment and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Microstructural analysis through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy substantiates new phases, including magnesium carbide (MgC₂), which produce enhanced mechanical properties along with grain refinement after T6 heat treatment and ECAP. The addition of graphene increased the mechanical properties of the samples to 0.1 wt% graphene in the as-cast sample. However, the hardness and strength of 0.2 wt% graphene decreased because of agglomeration under the as-cast condition. Following two passes of ECAP, a 49.22% increase in hardness was observed in the composite, whereas the yield and ultimate tensile strength increased by 64.38% and 80.42%, respectively. The load transfer mechanism contributed to the strengthening of the AZ91/graphene composites and exhibited satisfactory interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement. Ductile fractures were predominantly observed in T6- and ECAP-treated samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear behavior of RC beams with openings under impact loads: unveiling the effects of HSC and RECC","authors":"Ahmad G. Saad,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Sakr,&nbsp;Tarek M. Khalifa,&nbsp;Esam A. Darwish","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01041-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01041-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incorporating transverse openings in reinforced concrete (RC) beams reduces their load-bearing capacity and stiffness, making them prone to premature failure. This highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of their behavior to ensure structural integrity, particularly under impact loads. This research delves into a relatively unexplored area, investigating the impact performance of RC beams containing openings through numerical analysis. By comparing different concrete types, the study seeks to identify optimal materials for such applications. The concrete damage plasticity model, accounting for strain rate effects, will be employed to simulate the material behavior of normal-strength concrete (NSC), high-strength concrete (HSC), and a novel eco-friendly alternative: rubberized engineered cementitious composite (RECC). RECC incorporates recycled tire rubber as a partial substitute for traditional concrete aggregates, offering a sustainable solution while mitigating environmental hazards associated with waste tire incineration. The finite element models are validated with experimental results, accurately predicting ultimate capacities, failure modes, and post-cracking response in RC beams (with/without openings) under static/impact loads. A comprehensive parametric analysis investigates the effects of concrete strength, impact energy, impactor mass, drop height, and opening location, providing valuable insights into how these factors influence the impact behavior under drop-weight testing. The results reveal that openings in RC beams under impact loads significantly reduce strength and stiffness, with detrimental effects observed for dual shear-zone openings. Surprisingly, a small mid-span opening can enhance impact response. HSC beams exhibit lower initial displacements but higher residual values, while RECC improves overall behavior in beams with openings, reducing maximum displacement and promoting energy dissipation for improved post-impact recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01041-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlative electron microscopy of discontinuous precipitation","authors":"Jarosław Opara,&nbsp;Paweł Zięba","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01045-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01045-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comprehensive study on discontinuous precipitation (DP) in Al-22 at.% Zn alloy, leveraging the correlative and synergic effects of advanced microscopy and modelling techniques. The study is structured into three pivotal steps: in-situ scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy backscattered diffraction analysis for real-time monitoring and an analysis of DP reaction kinetics and grain boundary misorientations; transmission electron microscopy and an energy X-ray dispersive microanalysis for detailed observation of solute-depleted α and solute-rich <i>β</i> lamellae, offering insights into the kinetics of the reaction front (RF) and solute concentration profiles; and a sophisticated modelling approach addressing the limitations of direct observation methods by simulating solute concentration changes within αphase lamellae during RF go-and-stop cycles. This multifaceted approach elucidates the nuances of DP mechanisms, from the nucleation and growth of precipitates to the estimation of instantaneous RF velocity and the impact of grain boundary misorientations. The integration of these methodologies enhances our understanding of DP kinetics and morphology at both meso- and nanoscales, highlighting the significant role of correlative microscopy in metallurgical research. The findings not only deepen our grasp of the fundamental mechanisms driving DP reactions but also provide a valuable comparison framework for experimental data, potentially guiding the development and optimization of metallurgical processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01045-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of buttering layers on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of Incoloy 800HT and P91 steel welded joint","authors":"Vishwa Bhanu,&nbsp;Kalpana Gupta,&nbsp;R. Saravanakumar,&nbsp;Ankur Gupta,&nbsp;Chandan Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01044-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01044-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study delves into the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joining Incoloy 800HT and P91 steel. The P91 was buttered with Inconel 82 (ERNiCr-3) filler layers, and the final DMW weld was fabricated using Inconel 617 (ERNiCrCoMo-1) filler. Weld interface regions were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy. EBSD uncovered unique microstructural characteristics across the DMW. Extensive investigation was conducted on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Incoloy 800HT, revealing a consistently stable austenitic microstructure characterized by random grain orientations. Nevertheless, the weld fusion zone (WFZ) exhibits an intricate microstructure characterized by dendrites that extend into packets. The WFZ and the buttering layer interaction exhibited a predominantly face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Recrystallization was indicated in this region. During tensile testing, the DMW specimens experienced failures at different locations and exhibited varying mechanical properties. A standard specimen made of Incoloy 800HT base metal experienced failure during welding. The DMW exhibited a maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 671 MPa and a yield strength (YS) of 234 MPa. The buttering process helped avoid the post-weld heat treatment to a certain extent. A maximum of 98 ± 5 J Charpy impact toughness was observed in the WFZ of the DMW failing in a complete ductile mode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction and wear characteristics and simulation study of NM500 lining plate in ball mill under different load conditions","authors":"Guanghui Zhao,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu,&nbsp;De Dong,&nbsp;Juan Li,&nbsp;Lifeng Ma,&nbsp;Yufang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01037-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01037-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction and wear test equipment, scanning electron microscope, abrasion balls made of CGr15 high carbon chromium bearing steel, and liners made of NM500 steel were used for wear simulation and friction–wear experiments. The variation trends of friction coefficient, wear amount, and sub-surface characteristics under dry friction and slurry conditions were studied. Simulations supported the research results. The results show that the pressure and the coefficient of friction vary inversely. The coefficient of friction between the abrasive ball and the lining plate decreases with the increase of the load. Samples subjected to a pressure of 120N have higher values of Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) and lower recrystallization ratios compared to samples subjected to a pressure of 130N. In a slurry environment, the difference in wear surface depth decreases to 0 μm (120N) and 5 μm (130N). This change indicates that the presence of the slurry alters the wear characteristics of the surfaces, leading to a reduction in the depth difference between the surfaces under different load conditions. This observation highlights the importance of considering the influence of the slurry environment on friction and wear behavior in simulations and experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of filler materials on GTAW dissimilar welds: Inconel 718 and austenitic stainless steel 304L","authors":"Niraj Kumar,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar,&nbsp;Chandan Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01042-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The investigation carried out in the current study illustrates the dissimilar gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) between Inconel 718 (IN 718) and austenitic stainless steel (ASS 304L) utilizing three different filler materials. This study utilizes Ni-based fillers (ERNiCrCoMo-1 (IN 617) and ERNiFeCr-2 (IN 718)), and austenitic filler ASS 304L and characterizes the relationship among microstructural and mechanical characteristics using identical weld parameters. The obtained dissimilar weld joint using Ni-based filler materials depicts no weld solidification cracking, whereas austenitic filler causes the weld solidification cracks. The microstructural characterizations were examined using optical and FESEM revealing the occurrence of columnar, cellular, and equiaxed dendritic structures in all three weld metals. FESEM/EDS analysis illustrates the occurrence of Mo and Cr-rich phases (M₂₃C₆ and Mo₆C) in ERNiCrCoMo-1 weld metal, NbC, Mo/Ti–rich, and laves phases in ERNiFeCr- 2 weld metal and Cr- rich carbides in ASS 304L weld metals. EBSD assessment shows the improved texture of the weld metals through IPF and PF maps. The Vickers microhardness demonstrates the highest hardness value (271 HV5) for the ERNiFeCr- 2 weld metal due to the existence of the brittle intermetallic phases, and minimum in the case of ASS 304L weld metals (156 HV5). The ambient temperature tensile test exhibits the maximum (649 MPa) and minimum (404 MPa) UTS corresponding to ERNiCrCoMo-1 and ASS 304L weld metals respectively. The tensile specimens for all the weld metals experience fracture from the weld metals. The Charpy toughness values of the weld metals show lower values (ERNiCrCoMo-1 (70 J), ERNiFeCr-2 (56 J) and ASS 304L (32 J)) than the BMs (IN 718 (135 J) and ASS 304L (228 J). Residual stress analysis was conducted employing the deep hole drilling (DHD) technique, indicating that the highest residual stress occurs 2 mm below the top weld face, classified as tensile stress for all three used filler materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of structure size on bending-shear-torsion combined mechanical properties of concrete beams with BFRP bars","authors":"Yushuang Lei,&nbsp;Liu Jin,&nbsp;Huajie Zhu,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01038-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01038-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the effect of beam size on the combined mechanical performance of concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars (BFRP-RC beams), the simulation model of BFRP-RC beams under bending-shear-torsion loading was established with the aid of a mesoscale simulation method. The effects of beam size, stirrup ratio and torsion-bending on damage mechanisms of BFRP-RC beams, as well as the size effect law (SEL) were analyzed. Finally, a prediction formula that can characterize the impact of the torsion-bending ratio and stirrup ratio on BFRP-RC beams' SEL under combined loadings was proposed. Research shows (1) the BFRP-RC beams' damage mode changes from shear to torsion with the torsion-bending ratio improving, and there is a mutual weakening effect between shear and torsion. (2) BFRP-RC beams have noticeable size effects under combined loading. Moreover, the torsional and shear size effects are first enhanced and then weakened as the torsion-bending ratio increases. (3) The beams' torsional and shear strengths increase with increasing stirrup ratio, and the corresponding size effects diminish. (4) The SEL proposed in this study is accurate in predicting the shear and torsional capacity of beams under combined loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy to fabricate 3D metastructure for low-frequency vibration control","authors":"Muhammad Gulzari,&nbsp;Agnieszka Ciochon,&nbsp;John Kennedy","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01032-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01032-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a burgeoning category of elastic metamaterials, 3D metastructures have garnered significant research attention for manipulating low-frequency acoustic and elastic waves. Bandgap engineering allows for the control of these waves across a subwavelength ultrawide frequency range. However, the manufacturing of these 3D structures poses a challenge, necessitating additional support materials for 3D-printed components, creating difficulties in mass production. In this study, we propose a novel lightweight 3D metastructure design that is easy to fabricate and provides a low-frequency subwavelength bandgap. We replaced conventional struts supporting heavy mass inclusions in typical designs with modified arch beams. This structural modification enables the easy and self-supporting manufacturing of 3D metastructure unit cells without the need for extra support material. Utilizing magnets and steel masses with bolts as hard inclusions, the magnet facilitates the quick assembly of the 3D metastructure, potentially facilitating mass manufacturing in practical applications. The wave dispersion and bandgap properties of the metastructure are investigated numerically, and experimental vibration tests are performed on the 3D-printed and assembled parts. The experimental results and numerical findings demonstrate robust vibration attenuation at low frequencies by the proposed 3D metastructure. The suggested, easy-to-fabricate 3D-metastructure design holds potential applications in low-frequency elastic-wave manipulation, including noise and vibration control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01032-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}