Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"An evaluation method for the printability of magnesium phosphate cement concrete for integrated mixing-stirring-extrusion rapid 3D printing","authors":"Jianjun Zhong,&nbsp;Libo Lyu,&nbsp;Yongjie Deng,&nbsp;Haiyan Ma,&nbsp;Qiuchun Yu,&nbsp;Yun Liang,&nbsp;Weihong Li,&nbsp;Hongfa Yu","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01111-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01111-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines a new 3D printing molding process for magnesium phosphate cement (MPC)-based materials. The process involves inputting dry powder and outputting wet material. The study proposes an evaluation method for the integrated 3D printer with functions of mixing, stirring, and extrusion for rapid-setting concrete is used for the research. The study proposes an evaluation method for the printability of materials based on the consistency of MPC paste measured by a Vicat apparatus. The study systematically examines consistency, setting time, extrudability, buildability, and mechanical properties of MPC concrete extruded by the 3D print head under different water-to-material ratios (mass ratio of water to dry mix). The results show that MPC concrete sets rapidly with setting times consistently within 4 min. The consistency of the printing paste decreases as the water-to-material ratio increases. When the extrusion consistency is between 25 and 34 mm, the 3D printed MPC concrete exhibits good extrudability, and when the extrusion consistency is between 23 and 34 mm, the 3D printed MPC concrete shows excellent buildability. A correlation has been established between the water-to-material ratio for rapid 3D printing of MPC concrete and the water-to-binder ratio used in traditional casting processes. The compressive and flexural strengths of the 3D printed MPC concrete generally decrease as the concrete consistency decreases. Under equal consistency and age, the compressive and flexural strengths of the printed specimens are approximately 1/3 and 1/2 of the casting strength, respectively. However, the printed specimens have better crack resistance than those cast. Therefore, the Vicat consistency could be used as an evaluation method for the printability of rapid-setting materials in the rapid-setting and hardening MPC-based material 3D printing process. When the extrusion consistency of MPC paste is in the range of 25–34 mm, the integrated mixing–stirring–extrusion 3D printing molding process for MPC-based materials can be realized. This method simplifies the operation process and procedures of the 3D printing equipment, ensuring accurate shaping and stability of performance of the 3D printed cement-based materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on failure characteristics of concrete lining in deep tunnel subject to oblique incidence of stress waves","authors":"Yunfan Bai,&nbsp;Shiming Wang,&nbsp;Yuanqiang Chen,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wu,&nbsp;Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Chuanqi Li","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01125-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01125-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to the instability and failure of concrete linings in deep tunnels due to obliquely incident stress waves from mining disturbances, this study investigates the failure characteristics of concrete tunnel linings under varying wave incidence angles (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°) using numerical modeling with PFC2D software. The model applicability is verified by stress wave propagation theory and spalling tests. Results demonstrate that under blast loads, failures predominantly occur in the concrete lining rather than the rock mass. Concrete linings effectively reduce blast damage to the surrounding rock and maintain stability. Vertical stress wave incidence causes the most severe damage to the concrete lining, whereas the least damage occurs at a 45° angle. The concrete tunnel lining failure is primarily caused by P-wave. When P-wave is large enough, the S-wave generated by oblique incidence make the tensile crack expand, and lead to second damage to concrete tunnel lining. As incident wave energy increases, concrete lining damage worsens, followed by rock spalling. The strain energy in concrete tunnel lining accumulates with increasing burial depth, resulting in more cracks in concrete tunnel lining under the action of the same stress wave. Thus, even small blast loads can severely damage deep-buried concrete tunnel linings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on dynamic compressive dimension effect and damage evolution law of fly ash concrete under seismic strain rate","authors":"Yaojie Lian,&nbsp;Run Liu,&nbsp;Haoyuan Jiang,&nbsp;Huiheng Lian,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Yu,&nbsp;Yinpeng He","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01122-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-025-01122-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many scholars have obtained preliminary findings regarding the study of the dynamic size effect of concrete; however, a unified explanation for the development law of internal damage in fly ash concrete caused by this dynamic size effect has not yet been achieved. Compression tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens of fly ash concrete with varying sizes under dynamic loads ranging from 1.0 × 10^–5(s⁻¹) to 1.0 × 10^–2(s⁻¹) seismic strain rate. The experimental findings indicate that the peak stresses were increased by 29.07%, 38.19% and 48.18% for the three sizes of specimens, large, medium and small, respectively, under the condition that the strain rate was increased from 1.0 × 10^–5 (s⁻¹) to 1.0 × 10^–2 (s⁻¹). From the overall trend analysis, the impact of strain rate on fly ash concrete gradually increases as the size decreases. The size effect of fly ash concrete can be attributed to the internal heterogeneity of specimens, which results in varying degrees of damage development. Similarly, the strain rate effect of meso-components is also caused by uneven damage development within fly ash concrete. The damage development law of fly ash concrete is then investigated by analyzing the changes in the 3D-DIC strain cloud map, using advanced technology known as 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC). At strain rates of 1.0 × 10^–4(s⁻¹), 1.0 × 10^–3(s⁻¹), and 1.0 × 10^–2(s⁻¹), the full-stage damage degree factor (<i>D</i>_f1) in the pre-loading phase is 76.47%, 54.90%, and 25.49% of the static strain rate (1.0 × 10^–5(s⁻¹)), respectively. At strain rates of 1.0 × 10^–5(s⁻¹) and 1.0 × 10^–2(s⁻¹), the slopes of post-peak damage change (<i>D</i>_f2) for specimen sizes L, M, and S are 2.09, 2.27, and 2.5, and 2.25, 7.6, and 10.62, respectively. This suggests that in smaller specimens, damage development is primarily concentrated in the post-peak phase. Finally, the uniform static and dynamic size effect law of compressive strength in fly ash concrete is established based on the influence mechanism of damage development on dynamic strength and size effect. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application and advancement of fly ash concrete engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large amplitude vibration characteristic of the sandwich nanocomposite doubly curved shells","authors":"E. Mohammad-Rezaei Bidgoli,&nbsp;Mohammad Arefi","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01109-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01109-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates large amplitude vibration responses of a sandwich nanocomposite doubly curved shell composed of a honeycomb core integrated with graphene nanoplatelets reinforced curved face sheets. The kinematic relations are developed with accounting von Karman nonlinear strain components and shear deformable model. The large amplitude governing motion’s equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle. The effective geometric and material composition-dependent properties are estimated using the Gibson's formula and Halpin–Tsai relations for the core and attached layers, respectively. The Galerkin’s approach is employed to convert governing equations to the time-dependent differential equations and finally the perturbation technique and modified Poincare–Lindstedt method are employed to obtain large amplitude nonlinear responses. The results are presented to investigate the impact of geometric parameters of the honeycomb core and material compositions of nanocomposite layers on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the doubly curved shell. A verification study is presented to valid employed numerical results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material modeling and microstructure evolution of LZ50 railway axle steel during bar flexible skew rolling","authors":"Longfei Lin,&nbsp;Feng Yu,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhang,&nbsp;Moliar Oleksandr","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01079-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01079-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the railway axles generally need to bear heavy dynamic loads of impaction, bending, torsion, and vibration under high speed and heavy transporting, it is of great significance to control the microstructure of the railway axle steel. In this study, the material behaviors including hot deformation and microstructure evolution of LZ50 steel are tested. According to the stress–strain and grain size of basic experiments, a mechanism-based constitutive model considering internal state variables of dislocation density, recrystallization fraction, and average grain size (AGS) is established to theoretically describe the macroscopical deformation and microstructure evolution of LZ50 steel. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model of flexible skew rolling (FSR) bar is further developed via compiling the mechanism-based constitutive model into FE software by user-defined subroutine and its reliability has been verified by comparing the size of geometry and grain of experimental and FE results. The FE results show that the microstructure evolution mechanism of FSR rolling LZ50 steel is that hot plastic deformation leads to dislocation multiplication resulting in dynamic recrystallization and ultimately grain refinement. As the bar is formed by continuous FSR rolling, its microstructure is relatively uniform with the grain size of the outer layer slightly smaller than that of the inner layer because of the more severe deformation of the outer metal. The influence of FSR parameters on grain size reveals that the microstructure of the rolled bar is generally uniform in various situations and the parameter conditions of larger area reduction, longer sizing length, larger forming angle, and smaller skewing angle can improve the microstructure and properties of the FSR rolled bar by grain refinement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of grinding temperature and performance of high strength steel 20Cr2Ni4A","authors":"Zhipeng Su,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liang,&nbsp;Yuchao Du,&nbsp;Qinglong An,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Dang,&nbsp;Yubin Xiao,&nbsp;Hao Huang,&nbsp;Juan Li,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Zhengyi Wei","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01108-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01108-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to enhance the grinding performance of high-strength steel 20Cr2Ni4A, a grinding temperature model was constructed, taking into account the contact deformation of the grinding wheel and workpiece. The accuracy of model was validated. The results of the simulation and experimental studies indicate that the grinding temperature increases from 299 to 617 °C as the grinding depth increases from 10 to 110 μm, the grinding temperature increases from 321 to 463 °C as the grinding speed increases from 5 to 30 m/s. In comparison to the effects of grinding depth and grinding speed, the influence of feed speed on grinding temperature is relatively insignificant, and the grinding temperature fluctuates in the range of 600–700 ℃. The prediction accuracy of the temperature model can reach 88.9%. The experimental results of the grinding performance demonstrate that when the grinding depth is 10 μm, the surface roughness is approximately 0.392 μm, the maximum grinding temperature is approximately 300 °C, the maximum residual compressive stress can reach 607 MPa, and there is no obvious white layer on the subsurface. When the grinding depth is 110 μm, the surface roughness is approximately 1.116 μm, and the maximum grinding temperature is approximately 600 °C. The thickness of the white layer is approximately 4.03 μm. The research results provide a reference for the grinding process design of high strength-strength steel 20Cr2Ni4A.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems related to the operation of machines and devices for the production of ceramic roof tiles with a special consideration of the durability of tools for band extrusion","authors":"Marek Hawryluk,&nbsp;Jan Marzec","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01106-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01106-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article performs a complex analysis of the production of ceramic roof tiles from a plastic mass based mainly on clay with additions, subjected to the successive stages of the process, in order to ultimately obtain a roof tile to be used in roofings. It discusses the most important aspects and parameters of production which affect the abrasive and tribological wear of the machine elements. Particularly the key elements of those devices on the roof tile production lines which are in direct contact with the extruded material have to be especially resistant to abrasive wear, which occurs as a result of contact with the extruded clay band. The wear of tools of this type is affected by many, often opposing, factors and physic and chemical phenomena. This makes the analysis of their wear difficult and complex, at the same time demonstrating the difficulties in a detailed analysis of such processes as well as the key technological parameters, especially in terms of the possibilities of applying numerical modeling. This article also performs a review of the materials used for the production of machine elements for roof tiles and their optimization in the aspect of a continuous development of the production technology. A special attention is mostly paid to the wear of machines and devices used for band extrusion as well as the possible directions of further development of the ceramic industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01106-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of oxidation on the tribological wear of hot work tool steels in sliding contact: implications for the forming process","authors":"Marzena M. Lachowicz,&nbsp;Maciej Zwierzchowski,&nbsp;Jerzy Smolik,&nbsp;Marek Hawryluk","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01115-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01115-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forging is accompanied by high temperatures, which results in oxidation of the charge material’s and the forging tools’ surface. Microscopic tests realized on the surfaces of post-service life tools demonstrated the presence of stick-ons originating from the forging material, which were accompanied by oxidation products. Their presence on the tools’ surfaces translates to their physico-chemical properties, which directly affect the tribological properties of the pair: tool-processed stock. The study presents the results of tribological tests performed on four hot work tool steels. The investigations were realized at the temperatures of 400 and 480°C with the use of the “ball-on-disc” test. In the case of the steels tested at 400°C, the recorded wear was higher than at the higher temperature. The wear resistance tests were complemented with microscopic tests of the friction face. It was stated that the presence of an oxide layer on the surface increases the steel’s resistance to sliding wear as well as affects the friction coefficient. This is connected with tribo-oxidation taking place at high temperatures as a result of mechanical forces (friction). The presence of oxides on the tool surfaces decreases the zone exposed to plastic deformations, which translates to the steel’s higher wear resistance. This oxide scale acts as a solid lubricant, protecting the contact surfaces from wear, which demonstrates the importance of preheating the dies before forging. On the other hand, we should consider the antagonistic impact of oxides, which can work as an abradant, leading to a possible damage of the forging surface and making it difficult to maintain its dimensional tolerances. The selection of steel for the forging tools should thus be based on a compromise between these two opposing phenomena.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive experimental investigation of the mechanical properties and performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced cement mortar","authors":"Jennifer Udebunu,&nbsp;Hassan Abdolpour,&nbsp;Łukasz Sadowski","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01113-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01113-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research experimentally analyses the fabrication, testing, and development of cement mortar incorporating Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fiber at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% by volume of the total cementitious matrix. PVA fiber geometry with a length of 8 mm and a diameter of 40 µm, specifically the RECS 15/8 mm type, was utilized due to its optimal balance between mechanical performance and workability. Mechanical tests, including three-point bending, were conducted to assess the load–deflection behavior, ultimate strength, and energy absorption capacity of the reinforced beams. The scope of this study encompasses tensile strength, elastic modulus in four-point bending with un-notched specimens, fracture energy in three-point bending with notched specimens, and compressive strength tests. The addition percentages of PVA fibers (1%, 2%, and 3%) were selected to investigate the effect of fiber concentration on mechanical properties systematically and to identify the optimal reinforcement level for enhancing performance. Tensile strength values exhibited a clear enhancement with increasing PVA fiber content, recording 1.96 MPa, 3.17 MPa, and 5.12 MPa for 1%, 2%, and 3% PVA fiber, respectively. The Elastic Modulus, determined through four-point bending with un-notched specimens, demonstrated a notable increase in stiffness, with values of 26.17 GPa, 53.63 GPa, and 67.7 GPa for 1%, 2%, and 3% PVA fiber, respectively. Three-point bending tests with notched specimens revealed improved energy absorption capabilities, as indicated by Fractured Energy values of 1.33 N.mm/mm², 2.98 N.mm/mm², and 3.91 N.mm/mm² for 1%, 2%, and 3% PVA fiber. Furthermore, compressive tests yielded increased strengths, with values of 46.8 MPa, 57.2 MPa, and 73.9 MPa for 1%, 2%, and 3% PVA fiber, respectively. The goal of this research is to explore and quantify the benefits of adding PVA Fibers to cement mortars, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, fracture energy, and compressive strength. The findings are particularly beneficial for developing auxetic cementitious materials, offering applications in advanced structural components, earthquake-resistant structures, protective barriers, flexible pavements and runways, and innovative architectural designs. The results highlight the potential of PVA fibers to significantly enhance the performance and durability of construction materials, paving the way for advanced and resilient building components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A coupled thermo-mechanical model for warm single-point incremental forming process","authors":"Narinder Kumar,&nbsp;Mohit Mahala,&nbsp;Anupam Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01107-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a low-cost, low-volume forming technique that has gained the attention of researchers over the past two decades. However, it has primarily been utilized for ductile materials such as aluminum and steel alloys and has yet to be extensively explored for hard-to-form materials such as magnesium (Mg) alloys, which are widely used in aviation and automotive industries. The hexagonal close-packed structure of these alloys makes it challenging to deform at room temperature. Studies have shown that the formability of Mg alloys can be increased under warm forming conditions. The analytical model needs to be developed to understand the effect of temperature on material properties and process parameters and their dependencies on each other. The present work proposes an analytical thermal model to predict in-plane strains during the warm SPIF process of magnesium (AZ31B) alloy. A coupled thermo-mechanical numerical simulation model was developed using ABAQUS/EXPLICIT^® software to estimate in-plane strains and thickness distribution. The Johnson–Cook model was applied to define the fracture criterion and the constitutive model. The predictions of the analytical and numerical models developed in this study were compared with experimental results. Further, the study investigated the impact of step depth, tool diameter, and wall angle on formability and thickness distribution. The predictions from the model developed in this study take significantly less computational time than numerical simulation analysis with an accuracy within 3% of the numerical model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}