Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Electromagnetic driven forming utilizing a metal ring for controlling shapes of sheet metals","authors":"Wang Zhang,&nbsp;Xinhui Zhu,&nbsp;Limeng Du,&nbsp;Yuxuan Sun,&nbsp;Quanliang Cao,&nbsp;Xiaotao Han,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Shaowei Ouyang,&nbsp;Li Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01078-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01078-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electromagnetic forming (EMF) has unique advantages in processing metallic materials owing to the high-strain effect. However, it possesses poor shape-control ability for workpieces and is not suitable for forming materials with low conductivity. To address this, an electromagnetic-driven forming method with a metal driven ring is proposed to achieve Lorentz force transforming and shape control of the workpiece. The effectiveness of this method and ring configurations on the deformation behavior of AA1060-H24 aluminum alloy sheets, along with the forming mechanism, have been thoroughly investigated in combination with experiments and simulations. Results demonstrate that the introduction of the driven ring can adjust the Lorentz force generated on the sheet, resulting in a flat-topped profile with a uniform deformation ratio of 0.62, which increases by 100% compared to that without a driven ring. Meanwhile, it is discovered that the uniform deformed area, forming shapes, and targeted deformation areas can be controlled by regulating the ring configurations, which indicates that the proposed method possesses good adaptability and flexibility in shape control. Moreover, it has also been validated and applied in forming low-conductivity titanium sheets, which can be deformed into a flat-topped shape. This work provides an effective approach for shape control by aggregating the Lorentz force on the driven ring, which is essential for broadening the scope of EMF technology within the domain of sheet metal processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling microstructure evolution mechanism within machined subsurface during turning of laser powder bed fusion-manufactured Inconel 625","authors":"Zhaoqi Lv,&nbsp;Guobin Wang,&nbsp;Binxun Li,&nbsp;Yujing Sun,&nbsp;Yan Xia,&nbsp;Jin Du,&nbsp;Guosheng Su","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01055-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01055-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-machining of metal additive-manufactured (AMed) nickel-based alloy components is one of the efficient approaches to reduce surface roughness and enhance surface quality. Although the white layer formed on the wrought nickel-based alloy surface after machining has been deeply investigated, the formation mechanism of the white and dark layers generated on AMed nickel-based alloy still faces challenges. In this study, the white and dark layer formation on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated Inconel 625 alloy surface after turning was determined. Then various material characterization techniques were adopted to comprehensively analyze the microstructure, texture and phase constituent concerning the white and dark layers. Obvious intragranular misorientation change, great concentration of high angle grain boundaries and grain refinement occurred beneath the machined surface. Strongly refined grains in nanometers and noticeable plastic deformation with slight grain division along with disappeared dense dislocations were revealed correspondingly within the white and dark layers. Phase transformation was absent from the machined surface despite cutting parameters. Dynamical crystallization (DRX) following shear deformation dominated the formation of the white layer while plastic deformation was responsible for dark layer formation. The findings were beneficial to understanding the occurrence of damages initiated from machined surfaces during service.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the hydroforming law of variable cross-section shaped tubular automobile longitudinal arm","authors":"Jian Li,&nbsp;Yanjun Li,&nbsp;Peng Liang,&nbsp;Guoan Xie,&nbsp;Jiachun Yang,&nbsp;Xianlin Shi","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01062-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01062-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to study the hydroforming simulation process of variable cross-section shaped tubular automobile longitudinal arm and the influence law of key factors on its forming quality, and to provide guidance for its engineering application. Firstly, the numerical simulation and experimental analysis of hydroforming are carried out on variable diameter tube with similar characteristics to the longitudinal arm hydroforming, and the correctness of the built finite element model and numerical simulation method is verified through experiments. Then, according to the structural characteristics of the automobile longitudinal arm parts, determine the longitudinal arm hydroforming process and the main molding parameters, and analyze the molding process by numerical simulation. According to the simulation results, the effects of hydroforming initial internal pressure, initial feeding, friction coefficient and shaping pressure on the wall thickness characteristics and shaping rules of the longitudinal arm are investigated, and the hydraulic expansion test of automobile longitudinal arm is carried out on the basis of the optimal loading path obtained. The results show that: in the case that the initial internal pressure does not reach the cracking pressure, the initial internal pressure and initial axial feeding has a greater impact on the wall thickness of the automobile longitudinal arm, reduce the friction coefficient can improve the material flow performance, improve the uniformity of the wall thickness of the parts, and appropriately increase the shaping pressure can improve the dimensional accuracy of the longitudinal arm molding and the molding quality. It is verified by experimental comparison that the whole process of automobile longitudinal arm forming simulation based on bending-hydraulic forming has high feasibility, and a relatively good loading path can be obtained to provide reference for practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-mechanical bending analysis of a sandwich cylindrical panel with an auxetic honeycomb core and GNP-reinforced face sheets","authors":"Masoud Kiani,&nbsp;Mohammad Arefi,&nbsp;Hassan Afshari","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01043-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01043-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present research, the static bending analysis of a three-layer sandwich cylindrical panel with a re-entrant auxetic honeycomb core and polymeric face sheets reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) resting on an elastic foundation in a thermal environment is investigated. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite GNP-reinforced face sheets are calculated using the Halpin–Tsai model along with the rule of mixture. The heat conduction equation is solved in the thickness direction to provide the exact profile of the temperature distribution. The panel is modeled based on the third-order shear deformation (TSDT), the elastic foundation is modeled according to the Pasternak foundation model, and the governing equations and boundary conditions are derived via the minimum potential energy principle. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed to solve the governing equations under various boundary conditions in longitudinal and circumferential directions. The convergence and accuracy of the modeling are confirmed and influences of different parameters on the deflection and stress distribution are studied including the inclined angle of the re-entrant cells, thermal environment, mass fraction and distribution patterns of the GNPs, the thickness of core-to-thickness of panel ratio, and the boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the metakaolin content, fiber type, and high-temperature effects on the physico-mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer composites","authors":"Barış Bayrak,&nbsp;Haluk Görkem Alcan,&nbsp;Özge Çiğdem Özelmacı Durmaz,&nbsp;Süleyman İpek,&nbsp;Gökhan Kaplan,&nbsp;Erhan Güneyisi,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Cüneyt Aydın","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01071-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01071-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigated the physicasl characteristics and mechanical performance of fly ash-based geopolymer composites when exposed to high temperatures. Geopolymer composites were produced using fly ash as an aluminosilicate-rich raw material and a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as an alkaline activator. In this context, the study also examined the impact of partially replacing metakaolin (7.5% and 15% by weight). Furthermore, the study aims to examine the impact of adding fiber (basalt and carbon types) on the physical, mechanical, and high-temperature properties of geopolymer composites. The physical properties investigated were unit weight, apparent porosity, water absorption, and capillary water absorption, while the strength performances investigated were flexural and compressive strengths. To monitor the effect of high temperatures on the strength characteristics of the geopolymer composites, the mixtures were exposed to temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. Besides, SEM images were provided to illustrate the degree of geopolimerization. The results indicated that metakaolin replacement yielded mixtures having higher unit weight, but lower apparent porosity and water absorption. The results indicated that metakaolin replacement yielded mixtures having a higher unit weight, reaching an increase of about 5%, but lower apparent porosity and water absorption, with decreases reaching 18.3% and 20%, respectively. The metakaolin-blended geopolymer composites resulted in better strength performance and resistance to high temperatures. Raising the metakaolin replacement level from 0 to 15% led to an increase of 17.3% in flexural strength. The compressive strength of the composites subjected to a temperature of 200 °C exhibited an increase of over 10%. Notably, this rate of increment was observed to be nearly 20% higher in nonfibrous composites. Fiber addition decreased the compressive strength up to about 21%, while increasing the flexural strength up to 65%. Strength performance improved at 200 °C, but decreased at higher temperatures up to 600 °C. The geopolymer composites experienced significant mass loss when exposed to high temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compressive performance and prediction models of confined concrete cylinders made of BFRP-PVC composite tubes","authors":"Wenyu Wang,&nbsp;Huaxin Liu,&nbsp;Yue Zhong,&nbsp;Genjin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01053-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01053-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, fiber-reinforced polymer-polyvinyl chloride (FRP-PVC) tubular cylinders have been widely used in civil engineering applications. Concrete-filled FRP-PVC tubes possess excellent mechanical behavior and high durability. In this work, a composite reinforcement system with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) strips wrapped around the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes is proposed for existing concrete cylinders. In addition, the effectiveness of the composite reinforcement system is evaluated and the working mechanism is studied. Monotonic axial compression tests are conducted on 39 concrete cylindrical specimens, and the parameters studied includs the number of BFRP layers, the net spacing of BFRP strips, and the type of reinforcement. The test results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of specimens with BFRP strips was enhanced by 8.42% up to 45.43% compared to unreinforced concrete cylinders. While, the bearing capability of BFRP-PVC reinforced specimens increase by 26.54% up to 62.30% compared with the control group specimen. Furthermore, a strength model that considers equivalent constraint effect coefficients is proposed based on existing strength models. The difference between the predicted results and the experimental results is within 15%. Research has shown that the reinforcement effect of the composite system is significant, and the research results can provide reference for engineering practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria decision-making optimization-based fiber-reinforced waste ceramic powder-based geopolymer: toward a sustainable net zero/low CO2 emission building material","authors":"Aysen Tahire Kilic,&nbsp;Mucteba Uysal,&nbsp;Beyza Fahriye Aygun,&nbsp;Khizar Nazir,&nbsp;Orhan Canpolat,&nbsp;Hasan Dilbas","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01052-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01052-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, geopolymers (GMs) were produced using basalt fiber, polyamide fiber, and polypropylene fiber-reinforced and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) waste ceramic powder (WCP). In the initial phase of the study, the optimal ingredient proportions were identified, and an ideal geopolymer was selected based on its highest compressive strength. Subsequently, at the second stage of the study, various fibers with differing proportions were incorporated into the ideal geopolymer, and the resulting properties were evaluated through laboratory testing. In the third stage, the optimal GMs were determined through a holistic approach, employing a multi-criteria decision-making method. A total of ten mixtures, comprising 23 properties (230 parameters in total), were subjected to a multi-criteria decision support method (TOPSIS). The optimal GM mixture with the proportions and suitable components was identified. The findings indicated that a 20% substitution of WCP with GBFS resulted in an optimal and cost-effective mixture in a 10 M NaOH solution, serving as a reference point or ideal unreinforced mixture in this research. With regard to the addition of fibers, all three types of fibers were observed to enhance the compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength of the WCP–GBFS-based GM. Maximum compressive strength was observed to be 60.15 MPa, while the flexural strength was 12.98 MPa and the splitting tensile strength was 3.45 MPa for the polyamide fiber (PA)-reinforced GM. Furthermore, all reinforced GMs exhibited enhanced abrasion resistance, with the inclusion of polypropylene fibers yielding the best results. Additionally, these fiber-reinforced GMs demonstrated significant resistance to high temperatures, even as temperatures increased. The TOPSIS results indicated that PA0.8 was the optimal GM, and its components with suitable components were recommended as a sustainable net zero/low CO₂ emission building material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hot forging on grain formation in Al0.35CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy: numerical simulation, microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"M. Štamborská,&nbsp;T. Pelachová,&nbsp;D. Danko,&nbsp;L’. Orovčík","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01051-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01051-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One-step (F100) and three-step (F30-60-40) hot forging of Al_0.35CoCrFeNi alloy was investigated to achieve a uniform equiaxed grain structure. In the as-cast and forged state, only a single-phase face-centered cubic structure was observed. The formation of twins, recrystallized and partially recrystallized grains in the volume of the samples was observed depending on used forging process. To predict uniform grain-size formation numerical simulation of the hot-forging process was used. The numerical model was calibrated and validated by means of measured compression experimental data of as-cast Al_0.35CoCrFeNi alloy before forging. Thermal analysis using finite element analysis was used to simulate cooling of sample during the relocation from the furnace on the lower die. Simulations were run under different thermo-mechanical conditions and the regions for the formation of dynamically recrystallized grains were predicted. Room temperature mechanical properties were evaluated after F100 and F30-60-40 hot-forging process. The F30-60-40 hot forging optimized the grain size, which was evident in the very small dispersion of the room temperature mechanical properties in tension. Elongation after F30-60-40 hot forging increased by 17%. The correlation between temperature, equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain, microstructure, tensile properties, and strain-hardening behavior is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01051-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the insertion of shape memory wires in composite materials on impact response","authors":"Diego Morais Junqueira,&nbsp;Guilherme Ferreira Gomes,&nbsp;Márcio Eduardo Silveira,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Ancelotti Jr.","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01049-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01049-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, the quest for high-performance materials—those that combine low weight with high mechanical strength—has intensified. A promising solution involves composites reinforced with fiber and a polymeric matrix. However, these composite materials often exhibit deficiencies in crashworthiness. To address this issue, we investigated the incorporation of shape memory alloys, specifically nickel–titanium (NiTi), into the laminate structure. This study aimed to develop an equation, using a design of experiments approach, capable of predicting the energy absorption capacity of fiberglass and epoxy resin matrix composites upon impact, with integrated NiTi wires. Additionally, we proposed a model through numerical simulation using the finite element method to correlate with experimental analyses, thereby establishing a reliable model for future research. We selected the appropriate NiTi alloy (martensitic or superelastic) for the impact specimens through a full factorial design and dynamic mechanical analysis. After choosing the statistically superior superelastic wire, we manufactured test specimens using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. These specimens, designed with three variables (diameter, spacing, and position in the laminate), followed a fractional factorial design. The drop-weight impact tests, conducted according to the ASTM D7136 standard, demonstrated increased energy absorption when NiTi wire was included in the composite. A non-linear numerical simulation (dynamic analysis) was performed, and its results—showing an excellent correlation with experimental data (above 95%)—validated the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural and properties investigations of tantalum-doped tungsten diboride ceramic coatings via HiPIMS and RF magnetron sputtering","authors":"Rafał Psiuk,&nbsp;Justyna Chrzanowska-Giżyńska,&nbsp;Piotr Denis,&nbsp;Edyta Wyszkowska,&nbsp;Maria Wiśniewska,&nbsp;Marta Lipińska,&nbsp;Ewa Wojtiuk,&nbsp;Łukasz Kurpaska,&nbsp;Jerzy Smolik,&nbsp;Tomasz Mościcki","doi":"10.1007/s43452-024-01050-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s43452-024-01050-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, tantalum-doped tungsten boride ceramic coatings were deposited from a single sputtering target with the radio frequency (RF) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) methods. Two-inch torus targets were synthesised from pure elements with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method with a stoichiometric composition of W_1-xTa_xB_2.5 (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24). Films were deposited with RF and HiPIMS power suppliers at process temperatures from RT to 600 °C. The substrate heating and the energy of the ionised material impacting the substrate increase the surface diffusivity of adatoms and are crucial in the deposition process. The results of SEM and XRD investigations clearly show that the addition of tantalum also changes the microstructure of the deposited films. The coatings without tantalum possess a finer microstructure than those with 24% of tantalum. The structure of films is homogeneous along the film thickness and composed mainly of columns with a (0001) preferred orientation. Deposited coatings are composed mainly of P₆/mmm <i>α</i>-WB₂ structures. The analysis of nanoindentation results allowed us to determine that ceramic coatings obtained with the HiPIMS method possess hardness above 41 GPa and a ratio of hardness to reduced Young modulus above 0.1. The thickness of HiPIMS-deposited films is relatively small: only around 60% of the RF magnetron sputtered coatings even when the average power input was two times higher. However, it has been shown that the RF coatings require heating the substrate above 400 °C to obtain a crystalline structure, while the HiPIMS method allows for a reduction of the substrate temperature to 300 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-024-01050-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142414764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}