Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Post-conflict recovery of tigers (Panthera tigris) in a transboundary landscape: The case of Manas National Park, India","authors":"Dipankar Lahkar ,&nbsp;M. Firoz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ramie H. Begum ,&nbsp;Sunit Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Hiranya Kumar Sarma ,&nbsp;Anindya Swargowari ,&nbsp;Y.V. Jhala ,&nbsp;Imran Samad ,&nbsp;Abishek Harihar","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Armed conflict has negatively impacted wildlife in biodiversity hotspots across the world. However, by incorporating conservation measures into conflict resolution and post-conflict recovery strategies, populations may be better protected and species recovered. We present in this study the recovery of tigers (<em>Panthera tigris</em>) in Manas National Park (MNP), a UNESCO world heritage site located in the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) of Assam, India, that had experienced armed ethnopolitical conflict for two decades. We document conservation attention through management input received and the tourism revenues generated and evaluated concurrent change in tiger population dynamics. The park received, on average, ~300 USD/km²/year in federal allocation towards tigers compared to ~1000 USD/km²/year estimated for protecting and monitoring tigers effectively across source sites. In the post-conflict period, protection infrastructure and workforce has been gradually rebuilt, especially in the Bansbari and Bhuyanpara administrative ranges. We also documented a rise in tourism, which boosted management budgets. Finally, combined with increased prey availability and functional connectivity with Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan, this has contributed to an over three-fold increase in tiger density (adults/100 km²) from 1.06 (95 % CI; 0.66–1.49) in 2011–12 to 3.64 (2.57–4.89) in 2018–19. High adult survival, long female tenure, breeding, and recruitment contributed to this growth. Overall, these findings show that when local communities, governments, and conservation agencies provide immediate and sustained conservation attention following the end of conflict, conditions for species recovery can be conducive, and species can be recovered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extinction risk categorization in the IUCN Red List: Comment on “The US Endangered Species Act and acceptable risk”","authors":"H. Reşit Akçakaya","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110804"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global review of landscape-scale analyses in bats reveals geographic and taxonomic biases and opportunities for novel research","authors":"José Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca ,&nbsp;Erin P. Westeen ,&nbsp;Ho Yi Wan ,&nbsp;Samuel A. Cushman ,&nbsp;Carol L. Chambers","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landscape-scale analysis is an evolving approach to quantify the effects of landscape structure (composition and configuration) on focal species. Bats—a remarkably rich and diverse group—use habitat from fine (&lt; 0.5 km) to broad (&gt; 4 km) scales, and thus identifying their responses to changing landscapes can highlight a variety of management implications. We conducted a literature review of &gt;170 peer-reviewed studies from five continents of landscape-scale studies in bats. We used cluster analysis to highlight study trends and identify biases and knowledge gaps in landscape-scale studies of bats. Species in the families Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, which represent 51 % of extant bat diversity, were the focus of two thirds of studies; other families were underrepresented. Tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia, notable for their high bat species richness, were underrepresented in studies. Although considered by few studies, context-dependent demographic data, including temporal and behavioral parameters (e.g., age, season) were important for explaining bat-landscape interactions. No one-size-fits-all set of variables or scales exists for bats, and even closely related species vary in their responses to variable-scale combinations. However, variables that quantify habitat size and presence of patch edges were often strong predictors of bat use. Based on this review, researchers should consider a range of scales including broad scales (&gt;5 km), landscape and bioclimatic variables, and archiving data for future studies across temporal scales. We provide a list of recommendations that can help researchers and conservationists improve inferences in determining the landscape associations of bats species and other taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antarctic Specially Protected Species conservation management tool: Development, use and future outlook","authors":"Kevin A. Hughes ,&nbsp;A. Beatriz Pais-Fernandes ,&nbsp;Ana Hilário ,&nbsp;José C. Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protection of specific species, generally through the implementation of an associated action plan, is a conservation tool used commonly in areas under national jurisdiction. The Antarctic Treaty area is under international consensus-based governance through the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), which first provided for the designation of Antarctic Specially Protected Species (SPS) in 1964. Over the past 60 years, only the fur seals (genus <em>Arctocephalus</em>) and Ross seal (<em>Ommatophoca rossii</em>) have been listed as SPS, with the fur seals subsequently having been de-listed in 2006. The SPS conservation tool has therefore remained little used by the ATCM. The Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) was established to provide advice on environmental issues to the ATCM. Through its Five-year Work Plan and Climate Change Response Work Programme, the CEP agreed to develop management actions to maintain or improve the conservation status of threatened species, e.g., through SPS Action Plans. To help the CEP in its work, we examined the history of SPS designation under the Antarctic Treaty system, considered the current conservation status of Antarctic species as provided in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and considered how the SPS conservation tool might be utilised in the future to safeguard Antarctic biodiversity. Consideration of SPS designation for the macaroni penguin <em>Eudyptes chrysolophus</em> population within the Antarctic Treaty area might be appropriate. However, the emperor penguin <em>Aptenodytes forsteri</em> should remain a priority for SPS designation in order to minimise further anthropogenic pressures on this climate change-vulnerable species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Snow leopards or solar parks? Reconciling wildlife conservation and green energy development in the high Himalaya” [Biol. Conserv. 299 (2024) 110793]","authors":"Jenis Patel ,&nbsp;Munib Khanyari ,&nbsp;Rumaan Malhotra ,&nbsp;Udayan Rao Pawar ,&nbsp;Ajay Bijoor ,&nbsp;Deepshikha Sharma ,&nbsp;Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110820","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conserving genetic diversity hotspots under climate change: Are protected areas helpful?","authors":"Andrea Chiocchio ,&nbsp;Nina L. Santostasi ,&nbsp;Alice Pezzarossa ,&nbsp;Roberta Bisconti ,&nbsp;Luigi Maiorano ,&nbsp;Daniele Canestrelli","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservation of genetic diversity is a major target of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and of the EU Nature Restoration Law, as it provides populations with the potential to evolutionary adapt to the ongoing environmental challenges. However, genetic diversity has often been neglected in the conservation planning, and data on the extent to which it is currently preserved by protected areas are scanty. Here, we assessed the efficacy of protected areas in preserving genetic diversity hotspots under global change. Focusing on the Italian peninsula inside the Mediterranean global biodiversity hotspot, we (i) investigated the patterns of genetic diversity of endemic terrestrial vertebrates, (ii) assessed how much genetic diversity is currently covered by protected areas considering both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and (iii) estimated the impact of projected range shifts caused by climate changes on the conservation of genetic diversity patterns. We found that protected areas cover &lt;20 % of the areas of high genetic diversity for most of the investigated taxa, and fail to cover almost all multispecies genetic diversity hotspots. Furthermore, our results showed that mitochondrial DNA is not a reliable proxy for nuclear genome diversity, and its use in spatial conservation planning might lead to ineffective initiatives. Finally, we estimated that the extent of genetic diversity covered by protected areas will dramatically decline in the near future (2050). These results identify major gaps in current protection of genetic diversity and provide concrete guidelines to plan area-based conservation initiatives that meet biodiversity conservation targets for 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The BirdLife Seabird Tracking Database: 20 years of collaboration for marine conservation","authors":"Ana P.B. Carneiro ,&nbsp;Maria P. Dias ,&nbsp;Bethany L. Clark ,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Pearmain ,&nbsp;Jonathan Handley ,&nbsp;Amy R. Hodgson ,&nbsp;John P. Croxall ,&nbsp;Richard A. Phillips ,&nbsp;Steffen Oppel ,&nbsp;Joanne M. Morten ,&nbsp;Ben Lascelles ,&nbsp;Cleo Cunningham ,&nbsp;Frances E. Taylor ,&nbsp;Mark G.R. Miller ,&nbsp;Philip R. Taylor ,&nbsp;Alice Bernard ,&nbsp;David Grémillet ,&nbsp;Tammy E. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The BirdLife Seabird Tracking Database (STDB) was established in 2004 to collate tracking data to address the incidental mortality of seabirds in fisheries and to contribute to identification of sites at sea relevant to establishment of Marine Protected Areas. After 20 years, the STDB has grown to hold ca. 39 million locations for 168 species from &gt;450 breeding sites. The STDB has become a powerful tool to support marine conservation by facilitating the compilation of robust multi-species data to address broad-scale questions, made possible by continuous collaboration with the scientific community. The STDB has facilitated major marine conservation outcomes, including the designation of the first marine protected area to be identified solely using tracking data. Advocacy based on analyses demonstrating overlaps between seabirds and fisheries have led to the adoption of seabird-bycatch mitigation measures by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. The STDB has also provided compelling evidence for migratory connectivity in the ocean, and been crucial in informing many policy instruments at scales from national (e.g. protection and management of important sites identified from tracking data), to regional (e.g. working with Regional Conventions), to global (e.g. the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas). This review presents an overview of 1) how the STDB started and gained traction, 2) its current status in terms of data coverage and gaps, 3) methodological developments, 4) conservation successes, 5) the opportunities and challenges experienced in managing this global database, and 6) research priorities and future directions for seabird tracking studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduced fish reduce the occurrence of shrews in alpine lakes","authors":"Lucia Bello ,&nbsp;Andreu Albó ,&nbsp;Pere Aymerich ,&nbsp;Teresa Buchaca ,&nbsp;Jennifer Caner ,&nbsp;Elisa Cardarelli ,&nbsp;Anna Corapi ,&nbsp;Laia Nogué ,&nbsp;Víctor Osorio ,&nbsp;Ibor Sabás ,&nbsp;Giacomo Sacchi ,&nbsp;Flavia Suraci ,&nbsp;Marc Ventura ,&nbsp;Rocco Tiberti","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Widespread fish introductions into originally fishless mountain lakes have had severe consequences for native biota, including aquatic macroinvertebrates, which provide important food subsidies for terrestrial and semiaquatic insectivores like shrews (Fam. Soricidae). Since both fish and shrews rely on aquatic macroinvertebrates as food, whether in their larval or imaginal stage, we investigated if fish presence had adverse effects on shrews. Baited tubes were deployed to monitor the presence/absence of shrews by collecting their scats in lakes with and without fish in the western Italian Alps. Only two species, the Valais shrew (<em>Sorex antinorii</em>) and the Eurasian water shrew (<em>Neomys fodiens</em>), were found inhabiting the lakes' edges, where they fed on aquatic insect subsidies. The results indicate a significant pattern of exclusion between shrews and introduced fish. This negative association was especially evident in the presence of large-bodied fish (i.e., salmonids), but also of small fish (i.e., cyprinids). Consistently, compared to naturally fishless lakes, those with fish exhibit a lower availability of aquatic prey, representing a significant portion of the diet of both shrew species. Overall, our findings suggest that the impact on shrews may be mediated by a complex interplay of competition and predation between fish and shrews. Fish impacts may extend beyond the lakes to insectivorous mammals in surrounding areas. We recommend that the potential benefits to species and habitats reliant on aquatic subsidies be considered and integrated into conservation and restoration plans, and that these findings be communicated to the public to foster greater support for restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connectivity conservation to mitigate climate and land-cover change impacts on Borneo","authors":"Matthew J. Struebig ,&nbsp;Moritz Wenzler ,&nbsp;Rebecca K. Runting ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Law ,&nbsp;Sugeng Budiharta ,&nbsp;David Seaman ,&nbsp;Stephanie Kramer-Schadt","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing connectivity between protected areas is crucial for facilitating species range shifts in response to climate change. Yet spatial planning for this connectivity often overlooks the combined impacts of climate and land-cover change, particularly in tropical regions where habitat loss is a more immediate biodiversity threat.</div><div>We explore the need for connectivity between protected areas to mitigate the dual impacts of climate- and land-cover change on Borneo. Using habitat suitability models and combined climate and land-cover change forecasts, we develop connectivity models for present and future scenarios, identifying optimal connections between protected areas for 81 species. By considering restoration and opportunity economic costs, we also explore the cost-benefit trade-offs of implementing connectivity plans.</div><div>Connectivity solutions varied among species, but often converged on the same connections between protected areas, with contemporary connections traversing 6 to 40 km and comprising 67 % forest cover, on average. By the 2080s there were fewer connections, and while many were shorter, they also comprised poorer quality habitat, reflecting reductions in forest cover and species distributions. As a result, the economic cost of creating corridors between protected areas was estimated to be 65 % higher in 2080 than in 2020.</div><div>Our analysis highlights the urgent need to prioritize connectivity interventions early to maximize long-term benefits for multiple species facing climate-change disruption while minimizing costs. However, conservation planning in tropical regions is complex, given high rates of forest degradation and loss. Implementing our approach at finer spatial scales could help identify cost-effective areas to prioritize landscape connectivity, helping safeguard tropical biodiversity amid changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Endangered’ and ‘threatened’ mean unacceptable extinction risk: A reply to Akçakaya (2024)","authors":"George F. Wilhere","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 110806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}