Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Functional recovery of tropical forests: The role of restoration methods and environmental conditions","authors":"Rens Brouwer ,&nbsp;Marielos Peña-Claros ,&nbsp;Frans Bongers ,&nbsp;Lourens Poorter ,&nbsp;Joannès Guillemot ,&nbsp;Danilo R.A. Almeida ,&nbsp;Catherine Torres de Almeida ,&nbsp;Angélica F. Resende ,&nbsp;Laura H.P. Simões ,&nbsp;Natália M. Ivanauskas ,&nbsp;Renato A. Ferreira de Lima ,&nbsp;Vinicius Castro Souza ,&nbsp;Cássio A.P. Toledo ,&nbsp;Miguel Cooper ,&nbsp;José Guedes Fernandes Neto ,&nbsp;Mathieu Decuyper ,&nbsp;Paulo G. Molin ,&nbsp;Ricardo R. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Pedro H.S. Brancalion","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest and landscape restoration strategies influence the recovery of plant functional traits, which in turn shape ecosystem processes. To understand how traits respond to restoration and environmental conditions, we assessed the functional recovery of three forest restoration types in Brazil's Atlantic Forest: natural regeneration, high-diversity restoration plantations (20–60 species), and unmanaged tree monocultures. Across 285 plots aged 1–76 years, we quantified seven leaf and stem traits for over 500 species. For each plot, we calculated community mean trait values and three functional diversity indices. The three restoration types showed contrasting successional patterns. Natural regeneration and restoration plantations shifted from acquisitive to conservative resource-use strategies with site age, while monocultures moved in the opposite direction. Restoration plantations exhibited the highest functional richness. Soil conditions (sand content and sum of bases) influenced trait composition and diversity, whereas climate and landscape context had smaller effects. In 20-year old sites, most traits in natural regeneration and restoration plantations approached 90 % of forest remnants values. In contrast, unmanaged monocultures recovered slowly, with only half of the traits reaching this threshold in 40-year old sites. Our findings show that restoration methods and site conditions jointly shape functional recovery. Natural regeneration tends to align with forest remnant traits, restoration plantations speed up early recovery but may diverge over time, and monocultures require active interventions to enhance outcomes. Recognizing these functional trajectories is key to improving biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience in tropical forest restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Both pond creation and restoration provide long term biodiversity gains in agricultural landscapes: implications for conservation","authors":"Matthew J. Hill ,&nbsp;James C. White ,&nbsp;Juliet Hawkins ,&nbsp;Neema Binu ,&nbsp;Eleanor Baker ,&nbsp;Helen M. Greaves ,&nbsp;Carl D. Sayer","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ponds are globally recognised for their unique contribution to freshwater biodiversity. However, due to agricultural intensification and urban development, many ponds within human-dominated landscapes have been lost, while many remaining ponds in such environments have become heavily terrestrialised, which has significantly reduced landscape-scale freshwater biodiversity. To reverse such trends, two main conservation approaches have been employed: pond creation and pond restoration. However, there remains a limited understanding on the longer-term effectiveness of these conservation techniques. This study aimed to quantify and compare long term responses of aquatic macrophyte communities among 56 created (28) and restored (28) ponds across an agricultural landscape in eastern England (United Kingdom). For both approaches, alpha and gamma richness were significantly higher 11+ years after intervention compared to 1–2 years following intervention, but their temporal trajectories differed. Plant colonisation was faster at restored compared to created ponds, with the former displaying a significantly higher taxonomic richness 1–2 and 3–6 years post-intervention. At 11+ years after pond creation or restoration, similar alpha and gamma diversity was recorded for the two conservation approaches. Successive time periods generally demonstrated more similar macrophyte communities within restored and created ponds, and macrophyte compositional differences between created and restored ponds decreased with time. Pond restoration and creation should be used as complementary approaches to create broader abiotic and biotic gradients, in turn supporting different species and community compositions across the landscape. Both approaches are urgently needed to bend the curve on global freshwater biodiversity losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining optimal small woody features and water densities to maximize European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur) occurrence in French agricultural landscapes","authors":"Yuping Ren ,&nbsp;Karine Princé ,&nbsp;Pierrick Bocher ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Champagnon ,&nbsp;Olivier Duriez ,&nbsp;Frédéric Jiguet","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European turtle-dove is globally threatened, suffering a widespread and sustained decline in numbers across its breeding range, partly driven by habitat loss. Although the effects of certain habitat features are recognized, questions remain as to which landscape elements should be given priority and in what proportions. We assess how different habitat elements influence the occurrence density of turtle-dove at two management scales (25 and 100 ha), using fine-scale GPS tracking data from 38 turtle doves in France during the breeding season. We found some non-linear responses, with a steeper increase in occurrence density up to at least 25 % small woody features (SWF) density or 10 % water density at a 100 ha scale, refining the proportion to nearly 50 % for SWF at a 25 ha scale. Additionally, at a 25 ha scale, broadleaved forest displayed a bell-shaped trend, indicating a positive effect up to 22 %, whereas vineyards showed a sharp initial decline at a 100 ha scale. Grassland was positively associated with occurrence at the 100 ha scale, whereas fodder, cereal, and broadleaved forest showed negative effects at the same scale, while fodder, build-up, and maize had negative effects at the 25 ha scale. Variable importance analysis revealed that water was the most influential factor at 100 ha, followed by SWF, while at 25 ha, SWF was dominant, followed by water, highlighting scale-dependent habitat preferences. Our study provides insights into the optimal densities of SWF and water resource required for effective conservation, offering valuable guidance for the management and restoration of turtle-dove breeding habitats in agricultural landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threats and conservation status of the endemic terrestrial arthropods of the Azores","authors":"Guilherme Oyarzabal ,&nbsp;Gabor Pozsgai ,&nbsp;Noelline Tsafack ,&nbsp;Pedro Cardoso ,&nbsp;François Rigal ,&nbsp;Mário Boieiro ,&nbsp;Ana M.C. Santos ,&nbsp;Isabel R. Amorim ,&nbsp;Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte ,&nbsp;Ricardo Costa ,&nbsp;Sébastien Lhoumeau ,&nbsp;Rosalina Gabriel ,&nbsp;Paulo A.V. Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insular ecosystems are disproportionately threatened by human activities, leading to an unprecedented decline in species diversity, particularly on remote archipelagos like the Azores. However, the impacts of humans on arthropods, which typically represent a big proportion of island biotas, remain poorly documented. We present an assessment of threats affecting different groups of species, examining the relationship between species occupancy, IUCN threat categories and trophic interactions for arthropods in the Azores (Macaronesia). We compiled data on endemic arthropods from published lists and IUCN assessments, including extinction risk, direct threats, and geographical ranges, to identify key pressures on species. Using network analyses, we examined the association between extinction risk and number of species, also estimating the IUCN Red List Index (RLI) for each island conservation status. We found that some of the Azorean endemic arthropod species have already gone extinct and more than half are classified as threatened by the IUCN Red List. Of these, predatory beetles (Coleoptera) and spiders (Araneae) have the highest numbers of threatened species, mainly due to habitat degradation, the spread of invasive plant species, and climate change. The RLI differs greatly among islands, being the lowest in Santa Maria, which concentrates a large number of critically endangered (CR) single-island endemic species, and higher in islands with larger and better-preserved native forest fragments, such as Terceira. A comprehensive approach integrating habitat protection, invasive species management and conservation measures is essential to ensure the long-term survival of Azorean arthropod endemic species in particular and island biota in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From isolation to connectivity: A graph theory approach for optimising karst protected areas using an umbrella species","authors":"Mingxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Wenmin He ,&nbsp;Alice C. Hughes ,&nbsp;Wenqin Li ,&nbsp;Jiahao Sun ,&nbsp;Changyong Ma ,&nbsp;Qihai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst Forest is a unique ecosystem hosting high levels of both biodiversity and endemism. However, karst ecosystems are threatened, both by forest loss and degradation. Developing frameworks to more effectively conserve karst ecosystems are essential to conserve these fragile ecosystems. The White-headed langur is an endangered primate restricted to karst forest, and provides a case-study of conservation of range-limited species and ecosystems. We analyzed the connectivity of natural forest patches based on white-headed langur's dispersal probabilities over different distances and resistance values estimated from habitat model. We then simulated the scenarios of transforming plantation and farmland to natural forest at different distances and identified the optimal restoration scale of langur's habitat with the enhancement of connectivity under different scenarios. In total 298 forest patches of 590 km² are the top 10 % of contributors to landscape connectivity across all dispersal distances, of which 53 (351 km²) are within nature reserves, and 11 of which are occupied by langurs. Simulation of restoration scenarios revealed that converting plantation and farmland to natural forest within 600-m buffer zones optimally enhanced habitat connectivity., and many small forest patches outside NR could act as OECMs to maintain landscape connectivity We recommend that habitat restoration be first conducted around patches with high density and isolation of langur populations, and all 298 patches should be protected and reconnected if possible. These conservation measures will benefit other karst endemic species, and improve local functional connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Ivan Jeremy Jethro Palege ,&nbsp;Rista Lidia Serafika Kmurawak","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the rescue? A nationwide survey of the who, what, and why of wildlife rescue in Australia","authors":"Gloeta N. Massie ,&nbsp;Ella Kuskoff ,&nbsp;Mandy B.A. Paterson ,&nbsp;Richard A. Fuller","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife rescue, rehabilitation, and release is a global practice that generates significant public interest. Nonetheless, little is known about the people who choose to engage in or abstain from wildlife rescue. Here we present the results from the first nationwide survey in Australia (<em>n</em> = 492) about peoples' knowledge, beliefs and practice of wildlife rescue. Sixty-three percent of respondents underestimated the scale of wildlife rescue in Australia, 68 % of respondents overestimated the survival outcomes of rescued wildlife, and 59 % of respondents reported rescuing a wild animal in the 12-months prior to taking the survey. Forty-four percent of respondents held self-contradicting beliefs, selecting answers that reflected a central concern for animal welfare while simultaneously prioritising or avoiding the rescue of particular species. We identified two beliefs significantly associated with differing odds of wildlife rescue: beliefs about the type of wildlife rescued and beliefs about how rescued wildlife should be prioritised for care. We identified similar significant associations with the sociodemographic characteristics of age, gender, and region of childhood upbringing. Of note, we found no significant associations with participation in wildlife rescue based on housing, rural/metro location, education level, political inclination, or religion. Our study serves as a step towards closing the knowledge gap about the people who engage in wildlife rescue – a key requirement to developing effective and targeted monitoring and communication about the practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community perspectives of hunting and conservation in north-central Vietnam","authors":"Elizabeth Oneita Davis ,&nbsp;Dat Trong Tien Cao ,&nbsp;Dung Tien Cao ,&nbsp;Hoa Phuong Vu ,&nbsp;Hieu Quoc Vo ,&nbsp;Le Thi Tran ,&nbsp;Chau Thi My Le ,&nbsp;Tomas Pickering ,&nbsp;Trung Tien Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity is in crisis in Vietnam due to persistent issues including food insecurity and demand for wildlife. Some existing conservation practices, such as preservationist forest protection models, have been shown to be ineffective, and forest-adjacent communities continue to be excluded from conservation decision-making, despite these communities<strong>'</strong> potential to be powerful drivers of change. We conducted focus group discussions with minority ethnic group communities in north-central Vietnam, in the Nghe An Biodiversity Preserve. We discussed community perspectives on hunting wildlife and existing conservation processes, and ideas for improving livelihoods and safeguarding biodiversity. We found that all communities relied on hunting and harvesting wildlife for basic sustenance, but wanted to see wildlife stabilize and increase in their area. Across discussions, community members wanted to be able to participate and given a voice in conservation efforts. We suggest a first step in the Nghe An Biodiversity Preserve be the inclusion of community representatives in conservation management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Nurilam Sinaga,&nbsp;Novianti Kumalasari,&nbsp;Ridho Pambudi,&nbsp;Umi Lailasari","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low human disturbance levels alter movement patterns and induce behavioural changes in an apex predator","authors":"Jon Morant ,&nbsp;Esther Sebastián González ,&nbsp;Leandro Reverberi Tambosi ,&nbsp;Alan Eduardo de Barros ,&nbsp;Gediendson Ribeiro de Araujo ,&nbsp;Thyara de Deco Souza ,&nbsp;Renato A. Moreira ,&nbsp;Natália Mundim Tórres ,&nbsp;Maite Cardoso Coelho da Silva ,&nbsp;Lucas Leuzinger ,&nbsp;Gustavo Oliveira ,&nbsp;Giselle Bastos Alves ,&nbsp;Francesca Belem Lopes Palmeira ,&nbsp;Anah T.A. Jácomo ,&nbsp;Leandro Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how animals adapt to human-altered landscapes is critical for conserving large carnivores. Establishing thresholds for behavioural plasticity can improve management and minimise human-carnivore conflicts. We analysed GPS data from 116 tagged jaguars (<em>Panthera onca</em>) across their range to investigate their spatiotemporal and behavioural responses to different levels of human disturbance. Specifically, we evaluated spatial (movement) and temporal (diurnality) responses and foraging, resting, and other behavioural response in females and males. We also examined resource selection among jaguars exposed to low, moderate, and high levels of disturbance. Our findings reveal that human activity decreases the distance jaguars travel and reduces diurnality in females and males, with these effects being stronger in highly disturbed areas. Human presence significantly reduces the time spent foraging and resting in both sexes, while other behaviours remain less affected. Jaguars consistently select highly productive and habitat-diverse areas, avoiding human-accessible regions, regardless of the disturbance level. Interestingly, jaguars in highly disturbed areas avoid regions with high livestock density, favouring human-populated areas instead. Conversely, jaguars in low and moderately disturbed areas prefer livestock-rich regions while strongly avoiding human settlements. These results highlight jaguars' behavioural plasticity and adaptive strategies as they navigate human-modified landscapes. Understanding these complex behavioural adjustments provides valuable insights for future conservation efforts, including more effective strategies to manage jaguar populations while mitigating conflicts with humans across their distribution range. This study underscores the importance of targeted conservation interventions for large carnivores in increasingly anthropised environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}