Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between the terrain slope and biodiversity conservation: a perspective from the specialist avifauna of Mexico","authors":"Mauricio Díaz-Vallejo ,&nbsp;Felipe A. Toro-Cardona ,&nbsp;Martha Bonilla-Moheno ,&nbsp;Juan L. Parra ,&nbsp;Octavio Rojas-Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main threats to biodiversity are those associated with transforming natural ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities, such as increasing population density, raising the agricultural frontier, and urban expansion, which lead to a high demand for natural resources. The degradation of vegetation cover tends to appear mainly in flat areas due to ease of access, leading to changes in the dynamics and composition of biological communities. The transformation process entails gradual losses in the distribution and richness of species, particularly those associated with conserved vegetation (i.e., primary vegetation). In this work, we analyzed whether the potential richness distributions of conserved vegetation specialist bird species increase with the terrain slope in Mexico, considering it a proxy for landscape transformation. We recategorized the land-use Mexican coverages INEGI VII into transformed and conserved coverages and characterized the slope in each. Further, we estimated the spatial pattern of richness by creating species distribution models (SDMs) for 56 conserved land cover specialist birds. We analyzed this pattern using spatial autoregressive models (SAR) and described the species distribution in conserved coverages. We found a statistically significant and positive relationship between bird richness and terrain slope, suggesting that steep slopes in Mexico represent biodiversity refuges. On the other hand, we identified areas where transformation patterns have intensified in areas of slight and moderate slopes, leading to a loss of between 60 % and 75 % of the distribution of some species, evidencing an advance of anthropization toward areas of greater slope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representations of human–elephant interactions on YouTube: Analyzing content and engagement to inform sustainable practices for wildlife tourism","authors":"Chase A. LaDue ,&nbsp;Rajnish P.G. Vandercone ,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Snyder","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The viewing of free-ranging wildlife (especially those that are charismatic among the global public) remains popular as tourism, and it is important to monitor the impact of tourist activities on sustainability and animal welfare. It can be difficult to evaluate the impact of tourism on a broader scale, but a conservation culturomics approach may gather relatively large datasets consisting of user-generated content (e.g., social media) that reflect human–nature interactions. We utilized a sample of YouTube videos (<em>n</em> = 479) to characterize patterns in content and engagement of content representing human–elephant interactions in Sri Lanka. Beginning in 2009, we found a growing number of YouTube videos related to wild elephant tourism in Sri Lanka, with most videos (90 %) containing footage from protected areas. However, the prevalence of videos depicting stress behavior by elephants also increased over time. Stress behavior was more commonly observed in non-protected areas, and along with human-directed aggression, it was associated with proximity to people and human-initiated interactions. Video engagement was associated with several factors, including the number of channel subscribers, location, and human visibility and proximity. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of, and challenges associated with, wild elephant tourism in Sri Lanka serving conservation purposes, which may be representative of nature-based tourism that involves free-ranging populations of charismatic, flagship species around the world. Further studies utilizing a diversity of methodologies and involving a range of stakeholders will elucidate the impact of tourism on the sustainability of natural landscapes and the wellbeing of individual animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable social-ecological indicators across a Tanzanian protected area network","authors":"Juliette Vallin ,&nbsp;Justin Raycraft ,&nbsp;Danielle Bettermann ,&nbsp;John Kioko ,&nbsp;Bernard M. Kissui ,&nbsp;Stephen Koester ,&nbsp;Kiana Lindsay ,&nbsp;Edwin Maingo Ole ,&nbsp;Emily Ramirez ,&nbsp;Bryan Spizuco ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Loos ,&nbsp;Christian Kiffner","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protected areas (PAs) represent the most dominant conservation model in the world, though existing research on how and why their conservation outcomes vary remain scarce. In contribution to this discourse, we evaluated the densities and temporal trends of seven herbivorous mammal species across a protected area (PA) network in the Tarangire Ecosystem, Tanzania, and assessed human-wildlife interactions for 19 species. We conducted seasonal wildlife surveys inside five PAs and structured questionnaires in adjacent villages. Our study focused on two national parks, two community-based conservation areas, and one game-controlled area with limited management capacity. We extracted several ecological (wildlife densities and their trends over time) and human-wildlife interaction (number of herbivore and carnivore species associated with benefits, costs and illegal use) indicators and compared them across the PAs using generalized linear models. We found that both national parks and community-based conservation areas can support high densities of mammal species with stable or positive annual trends. In some instances, these wildlife population dynamics were associated with negative human-wildlife interactions near the boundaries of the PA, but this did not emerge as a consistent pattern. National parks can also be associated with negative annual population trends and negative human-wildlife interactions near their boundaries. The game-controlled area scored the lowest on both ecological and human-wildlife interaction indicators highlighting the importance of management-in-practice. Our findings suggest that the outcomes of PAs vary considerably, even within the same ecosystem, and that local social-ecological context likely affects their sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense international exploitation of African hornbills necessitates urgent conservation measures, including CITES listing","authors":"Jen Tinsman ,&nbsp;Ariel Woodward ,&nbsp;Shan Su ,&nbsp;Daniella H. Skinner ,&nbsp;Lucy V. Kemp ,&nbsp;Anya D. Abeh ,&nbsp;Komlan M. Afiademanyo ,&nbsp;Nico Arcilla ,&nbsp;Koen Brouwer ,&nbsp;Abiola S. Chaffra ,&nbsp;Francis Forzi ,&nbsp;Francis Guetse ,&nbsp;Lars Haubye Holbech ,&nbsp;Delphine Ikome ,&nbsp;Agbatan Marc Koutchoro ,&nbsp;Saint Guillaume K. Odoukpe ,&nbsp;Ronald Orenstein ,&nbsp;Docas Nshom ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Russo ,&nbsp;Thomas B. Smith ,&nbsp;Jessica A. Oswald Terrill","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unchecked international trade in wildlife threatens biodiversity globally. The major mechanism for regulating this trade is listing species in the appendices of CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. However, piecemeal protection of species in decline can displace demand onto similar, unprotected species. In this study, we consider the case of the hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae). Most Asian hornbills received CITES protection in 1992, while international trade in African hornbills remains unregulated and under-documented. We analyzed data collected by the US Fish &amp; Wildlife Service on 573 shipments of at least 2704 hornbills from 1999 to 2024. African species accounted for 94.5 % of traded hornbills. Trade in African hornbills has increased significantly over time, unlike the trade volume of Asian hornbills, which has remained constant under CITES management. Larger forest hornbill skulls are often sold online as oddities, while the smaller species are advertised as pets. Current US trade in the larger African genera <em>Ceratogymna</em> and <em>Bycanistes</em> likely exceeds global trade in all Asian hornbills prior to their CITES protection. Trade in the already Vulnerable Yellow-casqued Hornbill and Brown-cheeked Hornbill currently poses an existential threat to these species. However, every African genus of hornbill is traded internationally. To avoid shifting demand onto a few remaining unprotected species, and to ensure that forest hornbills continue to play their critical ecological role as seed dispersers, we call for CITES parties to list the hornbill families in Appendix II at the next Conference of the Parties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poisoned baits drive record golden eagle mortality in northern Greece: A call for urgent conservation actions","authors":"Lavrentis Sidiropoulos ,&nbsp;D. Philip Whitfield ,&nbsp;Anastasios Bounas ,&nbsp;Elzbieta Kret ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Navarrete ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Vafeidis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Doukas ,&nbsp;Panagiota Michalopoulou ,&nbsp;Sylvia Zakkak ,&nbsp;Vassiliki Kati","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite an overall recovery of European large raptor populations, the golden eagle (<em>Aquila chrysaetos</em>) population in Greece is Endangered. Poisoning from baits set illegally for carnivore control is known as an important mortality factor, impacting a wider avian scavenger assemblage in our study area. We analysed golden eagle mortality data from northern Greece for the last 35 years, including the fates of 29 satellite-tagged individuals from the last decade. Poisoning accounted for 65 % of the overall mortality, the highest percentage recorded globally for any eagle population. Known fate survival models from telemetry data revealed 0.78 and 0.85 annual survival rates for immature and adults, respectively (the lowest reported in telemetry studies), improving markedly when censored for poisoning mortality. Poisoning occurred disproportionally close to protected areas, more often in areas with high carnivore livestock depredation and almost exclusively in winter when eagles were more likely to scavenge. Golden eagles were usually poisoned by directly feeding on carcasses and offal baits laced predominantly with illegal toxic substances (e.g. carbofuran and methomyl). Electrocution was the second cause of mortality, and collision with turbines was also recorded. The main conservation implication of our findings is that urgent policy changes are required to reverse the population's decline, mainly against the illegal use of poisoned baits and across prevention, legislative and enforcement levels. We propose specific measures towards this direction, such as improving livestock husbandry, further capacity building for wildlife crime investigation and reforms in relevant legislation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between climate warming and management actions determining bird community change in protected areas","authors":"Leonie Jonas ,&nbsp;Jon E. Brommer ,&nbsp;Martin Jung ,&nbsp;Michal Baláž ,&nbsp;John J. Borg ,&nbsp;Luka Božič ,&nbsp;Preben Clausen ,&nbsp;Antoine Deroux ,&nbsp;Koen Devos ,&nbsp;Cristian Domșa ,&nbsp;Sándor Faragó ,&nbsp;Niamh Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Valeri Georgiev ,&nbsp;Fredrik Haas ,&nbsp;Menno Hornman ,&nbsp;Christina Ieronymidou ,&nbsp;Tom Langendoen ,&nbsp;Aleksi S. Lehikoinen ,&nbsp;Kim Lindner ,&nbsp;Leho Luigujõe ,&nbsp;Elie Gaget","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity is increasingly negatively affected by climate warming, making this issue a major conservation concern. Many bird species respond to warming temperatures by shifting distribution ranges, but these shifts often lag behind temperature changes. Protected areas (PAs) can facilitate such shifts, but a growing body of literature suggests that not all PAs facilitate climate warming responses equally, as realized management actions can differ. Here, we study waterbird community change as a response to climate warming in relation to targets of conservation projects implemented in Natura 2000 protected areas across the EU. We combine long-term waterbird survey data (i.e. International Waterbird Census) with data on conservation funded by the EU LIFE program, the main EU instrument for conservation. We used the community temperature index to measure thermal community changes over 28 years. We found community adjustment to climate warming lagged behind temperature. However, community change was twice as fast in sites were conservation was targeting wetland habitats compared with sites without habitat conservation. Targeting waterbirds directly did not lead to variation in community change compared with other types of species conservation. Our results imply that on the management level conservation targeting a community's habitat (rather than targeting the species group directly) is more likely to provide benefits for community adjustment to climate warming. This study demonstrates that management actions currently not targeting climate warming impacts on biodiversity, have the potential to support species responding to climate warming. However, conservation strategies need to be adapted to the challenges arising with climate warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Mukhlis Ibrahim,&nbsp;Stefany Darsan,&nbsp;Alif Haidir Adana,&nbsp;Riza Fachrizal,&nbsp;Made Getas Pudak Wangi","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global priorities for developing higher education capacity in biodiversity conservation","authors":"Cooper Rosin ,&nbsp;Nathan D. Schulfer ,&nbsp;Paul H. Zedler ,&nbsp;Graden Z.L. Froese ,&nbsp;Clinton N. Jenkins ,&nbsp;Walter Mbamy ,&nbsp;Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the recognized need to address global inequalities in conservation research, there has been little effort to understand and address the concomitant lack of higher education capacity in biodiversity conservation, particularly in the Global South. This hampers international efforts to meet goals in conservation planning, policy, and practice, including those defined by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. In this study, we surveyed universities and conservation practitioners across 48 priority countries – those with high conservation value, moderate education index, and low-to-moderate research productivity – to assess the global status and needs of higher education in biodiversity conservation. Our results highlight substantial opportunity to develop educational capacity where it is most needed, with 44 % of priority countries (61 % of universities) lacking any degree programs focused on biodiversity conservation, and 93 % of survey respondents wishing to strengthen or expand their curricula. The lack of educational opportunities was the main factor cited for why half of the surveyed conservation practitioners pursued their education abroad, and why 55 % believe that the educational offerings in their country are insufficient to train the next generation of conservation leaders. Survey results were remarkably consistent in describing how the broader conservation community can best support the development of educational capacity in priority countries: pursue collaborative research and knowledge exchange, expand internship and job opportunities, and improve student funding. These actions will require the initiative and resources of external partners, including conservation NGOs, government agencies, international researchers, and other universities. Developing this capacity merits conscientious effort from the global conservation community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territories of Life and the new Global Biodiversity Framework: An analysis of contributions, threats and opportunities","authors":"Malena Oliva ,&nbsp;Luciana Porter-Bolland ,&nbsp;Albert Chan-Dzul","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even though there have been efforts towards a more inclusive and equitable conservation, a surface bias in the accomplishment of conservation targets remains, threatening Indigenous Peoples and local communities. For the first time, the new conservation policy through its Target 3 (that aims to protect 30 % of the planet) explicitly acknowledges Indigenous and traditional territories as a pathway to conservation. However, this pathway has been let out by the indicators to measure Target 3. Contributions by territories and areas conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, known as ICCAs or Territories of Life, are key to the global conservation scenario. This article reflects on the role of Territories of Life in the global conservation scenario and the threats and opportunities that the new Global Biodiversity Framework ant its Target 3 may pose for them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of breeding philopatry and cultural memory of the Great Barrier Reef as a humpback whale breeding ground","authors":"Joshua N. Smith ,&nbsp;Harry Van Issum ,&nbsp;Toby Patterson ,&nbsp;Nat Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-distance seasonal migrations are a classic animal migration strategy and humpback whales (<em>Megaptera novaeangliae</em>) annually undertake some of the longest seasonal migrations of any mammal. Commercial whaling exploited their predictable migration and breeding/feeding site fidelity, which included the Australian east coast population (IWC Breeding Stock E1) that were almost extirpated due largely to legal whaling on their migratory route (1952–1962) and illegal whaling on their feeding ground (1959–61). An historical understanding of population demographics and fidelity to migration routes and breeding/feeding grounds is critical to assessing the recovery of exploited whale species, and informs an understanding of social learning of migratory routes and destinations. Here we present multiple lines of evidence, including cultural knowledge of First Nations Australians and observations near European arrival (1802), that demonstrates historical breeding philopatry by the E1 population to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Sightings within the GBR near the time of extirpation from commercial whaling (1965/67) provide evidence the whales' maintained their migration and retained ‘cultural memory’ of the breeding ground. We propose species evolutionary adaptations (e.g. song, reproductive aggregations) aided the species in minimising mate-finding Allee effects at low density at this time and speculate a temporal extension of the whales' breeding season at low abundance may have further maximised mate-finding opportunities. We present an analysis of contemporary aerial survey and satellite tracking data that supports consistent use of historical areas in the GBR, with implications on the welfare of whales from increased interactions with marine-based human activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 111212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}