Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Spatial ecology of recolonized elk in agricultural landscapes of the Northern Great Plains","authors":"Tabitha A. Hughes ,&nbsp;Todd Nordeen ,&nbsp;Luke Meduna ,&nbsp;Sam P. Wilson ,&nbsp;John F. Benson","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating human-wildlife conflict for recolonized populations of large mammals requires understanding spatial responses to variation in natural and anthropogenic landscape features. Elk recolonized Nebraska, USA in the 1960's and have since expanded geographically and numerically. Elk are a high-profile species of management concern that cause agricultural crop depredation but are valued as a harvested species. Managers lack empirical understanding of their spatial ecology in agriculturally dominated landscapes of much of the Northern Great Plains, resulting in uncertainty for depredation and harvest management. We quantified home range size and seasonal movements of 153 GPS-collared elk (103 females, 50 males) in Nebraska across gradients of natural habitat and agriculture. Elk used smaller home ranges in areas with greater vegetative cover, more cornfields, and more evenly distributed forage. Elk used larger home ranges in areas with more roads and development. Thus, human disturbance fragments the landscape for elk, while also providing agricultural subsidies. Elk moved greater distances to leave areas with greater risk to access areas with substantial cropland when establishing calving and fall ranges. Additionally, elk moved greater distances between seasonal home ranges when transitioning from areas with reduced natural forage. Our results suggest that elk shift space use seasonally to exploit both natural and agricultural forage, but that increased availability of natural forage may reduce seasonal movements of elk into cropland. Thus, management of elk in agricultural landscapes should prioritize providing quality natural habitat to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. Our work highlights the disparate influence of human disturbance on wildlife space use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Between Hype and Hope: De-extinction is a tool, not a panacea for the biodiversity crisis” [Biol. Conserv. volume 309 (2025) 111307]","authors":"Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to engage local communities in forest biodiversity conservation had limited effectiveness in Madagascar: Lessons from the literature","authors":"Julien Blanco ,&nbsp;Norotiana Rasambo ,&nbsp;Clémentine Durand-Bessart ,&nbsp;Josoa R. Randriamalala ,&nbsp;Jérôme Queste ,&nbsp;Nathalie Becker ,&nbsp;Julien Sarron ,&nbsp;Harizoly Razafimandimby ,&nbsp;Conscient Zafitody ,&nbsp;Stéphanie M. Carrière ,&nbsp;Verohanitra M. Rafidison","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the current biodiversity crisis, various conservation approaches have been implemented worldwide to engage local communities in biodiversity conservation. In Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot, these approaches include protected areas, community-based conservation, and market-based conservation. However, their respective ecological, socio-economic, and socio-cultural effectiveness remains poorly understood. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap through a systematic literature review. Out of 480 publications on forest conservation in Madagascar identified through standardized searches and screening, 156 were selected for in-depth full-text analysis. By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, our results revealed generally positive ecological outcomes but negative socio-economic and cultural impacts. While the literature presents mixed findings on the effectiveness of conservation actions in reducing deforestation, protected forests have demonstrated improved biodiversity outcomes. However, these ecological gains come at a cost to local communities, especially the poorest households, who often receive inadequate compensation. Alternative livelihood activities proposed by conservation programs are often ill-suited to local contexts, and local elites tend to capture most conservation benefits, exacerbating inequalities and local conflicts. All three conservation approaches display similar trends, indicating recurring challenges regardless of the strategy employed. The literature highlights strategies to achieve more effective conservation while balancing ecological outcomes and human well-being. These include sustained investment in local conservation actions, genuine co-management frameworks, community empowerment, and stronger collaboration between researchers and local stakeholders. Although focused on Madagascar, the challenges and solutions identified in this study have broader global relevance for biodiversity conservation stakeholders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of artificial light at night on sea turtle hatchling early dispersal: A systematic review of methods, impacts and findings","authors":"Daniel F. Gomez Isaza ,&nbsp;Ross Jones ,&nbsp;Phillipa Wilson ,&nbsp;Kellie Pendoley ,&nbsp;Sabrina Fossette ,&nbsp;Michele Thums","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding pollutant, raising concerns about its impact on species that rely on natural light cues for critical behaviours, such as for sea turtle early dispersal. After emergence, sea turtle hatchlings orient themselves using natural light cues to quickly crawl to the ocean (sea-finding) and swim offshore. Numerous studies have shown that artificial light disrupts their capacity to orient during their early dispersal with varying consequences, although variability exists in the methodologies used and the results. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature (74 publications) to summarise the methods and findings on the impacts of ALAN on sea turtle hatchlings during early dispersal. The review highlights key findings on how hatchling orientation during early dispersal is disrupted by different light types, light intensity, and distance to the light source. We review the visual capabilities of sea turtles and relate this ability to their behavioural attraction to different light types. Additionally, we discuss the availability of empirical evidence for energetic, behavioural, and physiological costs and consequences of disrupted orientation, along with management strategies that have been proposed to reduce the risk posed by ALAN. We conclude that more studies measuring the consequences of disrupted orientation are required to determine the long-term impacts of artificial lighting for turtle populations. Further, we suggest that research move towards identifying light intensity thresholds for artificial lights of different spectra and develop light exclusion zones to assist with management and promote best practice for lighting in coastal areas to protect these endangered species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape-scale forest cover shapes the complexity of seed-dispersal networks in regenerating forest fragments","authors":"Robert Timmers ,&nbsp;Marina C. Côrtes ,&nbsp;Marijke van Kuijk ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. Canassa ,&nbsp;Romano Staneke ,&nbsp;Fabiana S.O. Rosin ,&nbsp;Maud P.J. van Hooff ,&nbsp;Jorn J.H. Knuit ,&nbsp;Mathias M. Pires ,&nbsp;Merel B. Soons","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the recognition of animal-mediated seed dispersal as a critical driver of forest regeneration, little remains known on plant-frugivore interaction networks in secondary forest fragments. Such knowledge is especially relevant in fragmented landscapes where regenerating forest fragments lie scattered in a human-modified, agricultural matrix, such as in the Atlantic Forest region in Brazil. There, we investigated how habitat connectivity influences the complexity of plant-frugivore interaction networks across a chronosequence of eight secondary and two old-growth forest fragments. By employing camera traps and focal observations over two years, we documented over 10,000 plant-frugivore interactions. Our findings reveal that forest age does not significantly affect animal-mediated seed-dispersal networks; instead, landscape-scale forest cover drives network interaction quantity and structure. Even a modest 5 % increase in forest cover enhances the total number of interactions by as much as 22 %, demonstrating that small gains in connectivity can yield substantial ecological benefits. With increasing forest cover, networks become more modular and specialized, favouring rarer species' interactions and enhancing seed-dispersal functions. Across all fragments, birds with high occurrence and a high degree of frugivory played a crucial role in sustaining network structure and functionality. Together with late-successional plants, these bird species are instrumental in supporting regeneration within fragmented landscapes. The limited effect of mere forest age on network development suggests that passive regeneration may not suffice for isolated regenerating forest in landscapes with low forest cover, and that assisted regeneration—or active restoration—may be required to facilitate their network recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of local communities to wildlife conservation and non-consumptive, alternative income sources, near Kruger National Park, South Africa","authors":"T.P. Moorhouse ,&nbsp;H. Ntuli ,&nbsp;P. Nketiah ,&nbsp;A. Elwin ,&nbsp;N.C. D'Cruze","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public pressure could end trophy hunting of wildlife, potentially negatively affecting species conservation and the human communities that depend upon the revenue hunting generates. Comparable revenue could be generated through other means (e.g. levies on tourists) and this money granted as subsidies to conserve wildlife and promote non-consumptive income streams. It is uncertain, however, whether communities near protected areas would accept such initiatives. We conducted face-to-face surveys in communities adjacent to Kruger National Park, South Africa, to examine attitudes towards, and perceptions of, wildlife conservation and levels of support for non-consumptive income sources.</div><div>We interviewed 1551 households across 12 communities. The vast majority of respondents supported protecting wildlife and non-consumptive wildlife use, and opposed consumptive uses of wildlife. We tested ten non-consumptive income alternatives, which were supported by &gt;80.1 % of respondents. Where four of these had previously been implemented, 77.7–81.6 % of respondents rated their experience of them as “very good” or “good”.</div><div>Respondents who were happier and had smaller households were more pro-conservation than those who were unhappier, with larger households. Household income and size may correlate with poverty levels, and therefore happiness, and serve as indices of respondents' capacity to support pro-conservation attitudes.</div><div>Attitudes to wildlife and willingness to accept novel income sources among communities adjacent to Kruger were sufficient to enact animal welfare and species conservation goals, were subsidies to be provided. We recommend further work implementing non-consumptive income streams in these communities to study how they influence people's happiness levels and wildlife conservation goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From encounter to death: Which stages of predation are considered within livestock depredation research?","authors":"Anna Rouviere ,&nbsp;Robert A. Montgomery","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The predation of livestock by carnivores, known as livestock depredation, negatively impacts livestock owners and predator conservation. Although various management interventions have been implemented globally, considerations of predator behaviour and predator-prey ecology have not generally been at the forefront of this development. Yet, an ability to predict how different predator species and livestock behave during a depredation event may lead to more evidence-based and tailored interventions with increased long-term effectiveness. We divided the depredation process into successive stages during which key predatory decision-making takes place, informed by the formative predator-prey theory developed by <span><span>Lima and Dill (1990)</span></span>. These stages include <em>encounter</em>, <em>interaction</em>, <em>attack</em>, <em>capture</em>, and <em>death</em>. We then systematically reviewed the depredation literature to quantify research effort alignment with each stage. We found that the <em>death</em> stage was by far the most commonly assessed (96 % of reviewed studies, <em>n</em> = 522 of 548), with other stages considered four to 30 times less frequently. Only 1.5 % of reviewed studies (<em>n</em> = 8 of 548) made real-time visual observations or recordings of any of these stages. We describe the importance of considering the predatory process across each of these stages and discuss how current focus on the collection and analysis of post-hoc data following livestock death or proxy data may limit intervention effectiveness. We provide practical advice for the study of all stages, highlighting relevant methodologies and novel avenues of future research. Integrating ecological and behavioural principles into depredation research should lead to a better understanding of predator-livestock dynamics, and more effective interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orangutan population monitoring methods: Strengths, challenges, and opportunities","authors":"Valentino Koloski ,&nbsp;Marijke van Kuijk ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Imron ,&nbsp;Hero Marhaento ,&nbsp;Indah Sartika Sari ,&nbsp;Fenky Wirada ,&nbsp;Joeri A. Zwerts","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orangutan population sizes have been declining rapidly during the past decades. Proxies for the status of populations range from simple presence/absence data to estimations of absolute density. A variety of monitoring methods are available, including human observations, camera trapping, acoustic monitoring and aerial surveys. This qualitative review provides a comprehensive overview of population monitoring methods and associated metrics, discussing their strengths, challenges and opportunities.</div><div>Ground-based nest surveys are widely used and effective for density estimations but are costly, have a limited survey range, and rely on challenging nest parameters such as decay rates. Interview-based and citizen science methods can offer the means for long-term cost-effective data collection, but they provide less detailed population metrics due to human bias. Genetic analyses can present accurate population estimates but are constrained by difficulties in obtaining sufficient sample sizes. Camera traps face similar challenges with low capture rates. Acoustic monitoring is effective for detecting presence and absence but has limited use for density estimation, as only a subset of the population produces vocalizations that carry over long distances. Helicopters can rapidly survey large and remote areas for nests, but come with high operational costs. Emerging technologies, including automated nest detection with optical drones and direct observations with thermal drones, could offer cost-effective monitoring options but are often legally constrained to short flight ranges. Looking forward, very high-resolution satellite imagery may hold promise for overcoming many logistical challenges but currently remains underdeveloped for orangutan monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spatial distribution of tests of conservation interventions does not align with global conservation needs","authors":"Anindita Anjan ,&nbsp;Jonas Geldmann ,&nbsp;Mike Harfoot ,&nbsp;Alec P. Christie","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aligning research effort to address major threats to biodiversity is key to bending the curve of biodiversity loss with limited resources. Recent global threat mapping for terrestrial amphibians, birds, and mammals enabled us to assess whether there was alignment between the spatial distributions of key threats (logging, hunting, agriculture, pollution, Invasive Non-Native Species, and climate change) and published tests of conservation interventions addressing these threats (1025 English and 147 non-English language studies from 15 languages collated in the Conservation Evidence database). We ran Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) to determine the key predictors (including socio-economic factors) of the number of studies that test interventions on amphibians, birds, and mammals per country. We found poor spatial alignment between studies and the impact probabilities of threats for each taxon. Studies were distributed across 92 countries with 64 % of all studies conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Germany. Most studies focused on interventions against agricultural threats (60 %, 79 %, and 58 % for amphibians, birds, and mammals, respectively) – next most common were interventions tackling climate change (18 % of bird studies), hunting/trapping (29 % of mammal studies), and logging (20 % of amphibian studies). Countries with the highest threat levels typically had few or no studies, although several countries had both high threat levels and numbers of studies, including: Germany for amphibian interventions against agriculture, New Zealand for bird interventions against invasive species, and Brazil for mammal interventions against hunting. However, our modelling suggested that certain socio-economic factors, not levels of conservation risk posed by threats, were associated with more studies testing interventions. These factors included countries with higher levels of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (amphibians and birds) and greater levels of government effectiveness (mammals). We call for rapid action to remove barriers to (and incentivise) reporting tests of interventions, such as through specific funding to test conservation actions and a global reporting database in both English and non-English languages to fill evidence gaps in underrepresented regions. Building ‘testing partnerships’ to link Global North and Global South institutions through networks of funders, local community, governmental, non-governmental and research organisations would also help to better coordinate testing of interventions to address conservation needs. This will require international coordination to build capacity for testing interventions and reporting their effects, whilst avoiding parachute science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the demographic success of translocations: A multi-criteria operational tool to assess progress","authors":"Juliette Birot,&nbsp;François Sarrazin,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Mihoub","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the number of conservation actions keeps increasing to mitigate the global biodiversity decline, assessing their impact objectively becomes urgently needed. Yet, most of these actions still lack consistent success criteria. In conservation translocations, managers use a wide range of criteria to assess success, making any comparisons between or within species irrelevant. Using a comparable approach as the IUCN Red List does to assess extinction risk, we identified progress categories and criteria to evaluate the advancement of translocation programs. The criteria offer a parsimonious and complementary approach covering the key demographic dimensions of population dynamic and fit the monitoring data usually collected, irrespective of species. We developed a multi-criteria evaluation grid based on four demographic components (apparent survival, recruitment, spatial distribution, population dynamics) allowing to differentiate key success steps of translocated population dynamics. To illustrate the applicability of our approach to a wide range of organisms, we considered two study cases with contrasting taxonomic groups and life cycles: a large vertebrate (<em>Gyps fulvus</em>) and an herbaceous plant (<em>Arenaria grandiflora</em>). We believe that this multi-criteria approach will allow the broad-scale assessment of the demographic success of translocation programs consistently, while accounting for the availability of monitoring information. Regularly assessing translocation progress will also inform about the need for potential interventions. This operational tool was designed for translocated populations, but it could eventually ambition to apply to any other population sharing comparable dynamics, such as biological invasions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 111311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}