Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Conservation paradoxes and challenges in invasive alien species with economic costs","authors":"Marine Robuchon ,&nbsp;Camille Bernery ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Cardoso ,&nbsp;Cheikh A.K.M. Dia ,&nbsp;Franck Courchamp ,&nbsp;Christophe Diagne ,&nbsp;Eugenio Gervasini ,&nbsp;Gustavo Heringer ,&nbsp;Sandrine Pavoine ,&nbsp;David Renault ,&nbsp;Vanessa Rezende ,&nbsp;Anne-Charlotte Vaissière ,&nbsp;Céline Bellard","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have revealed species that constitute conservation paradoxes because they are invasive in some areas and threatened in others. However, those studies only considered ecological impacts of invasions and species' threat category as a criterion that makes them conservation priorities. Here, our aim was to highlight further species that cause economic costs because of their invasiveness in some areas while being in need of priority protection in their native ranges. We used the InvaCost database to calculate an economic cost for each invasive alien species (IAS) in this database and explored the threat category, as well as the phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness of these IAS. We also focused on the costliest IAS to reveal their threat category and distinctiveness. Among the 355 species of mammals, birds, and plants constituting IAS with sufficient data on economic costs, we found that 10 species are also conservation priorities because they are threatened in their native range, therefore constituting conservation paradoxes. We further found that 27 IAS with economic costs are also conservation priorities because they are among the most phylogenetically or functionally distinctive, thus constituting conservation challenges. One IAS with economic costs is a conservation priority both because it is threatened in its native range and phylogenetically distinctive: the koala. Finally, we found three conservation paradoxes or challenges among the costliest IAS. Our work stresses to an unprecedented level that some species simultaneously need to be controlled in their invasive range and protected in their native range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When pets go wild: Integrating DNA metabarcoding and morphological analyses to investigate the impacts of free-ranging cats (Felis catus) on oceanic islands","authors":"Alexandra Galão ,&nbsp;Elena J. Soto ,&nbsp;João Nunes ,&nbsp;Nuno M. Pedroso ,&nbsp;Ricardo Rocha ,&nbsp;Catarina Rato","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oceanic island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of introduced mammalian predators. Among these, free-ranging cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) are especially detrimental, and have been linked to the extinction and population decline of numerous insular taxa. Yet, a more holistic understanding of the impacts of free-ranging cats has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of their diet and population densities. Using a peri-urban protected area in the subtropical Madeira Island as a case study, we combined DNA metabarcoding, morphological scat analyses, and camera trapping to investigate the magnitude of native and introduced prey consumption by cats. Based on 58 scats collected over the summer and autumn of 2021, we found that cats consume over 20 distinct taxa from ten orders, including native and non-native prey, as well as taxa associated with anthropogenic food. Cat diet was seasonally modulated, with a higher incidence of reptiles in the summer months. Although DNA metabarcoding revealed a higher diversity of prey taxa compared to traditional morphological scat analyses, both methods provided complementary insights, highlighting the benefits of their combined use. Combining our diet results with a free-ranging cat density of 1.4 cats/km², as revealed by the protected area-wide camera trap survey, we estimate an annual prey intake of over 18,000 vertebrates by cats in a protected area of 7.5 km², of which over one-third corresponds to native birds and reptiles. These findings underscore the complex interactions between cats and native wildlife, emphasising the need for targeted conservation strategies in ecologically sensitive areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying taxon-specific habitat connectivity requirements of urban wildlife using structured expert judgement","authors":"Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ,&nbsp;Luke S. O'Loughlin ,&nbsp;Danswell Starrs ,&nbsp;Jacinta E. Humphrey ,&nbsp;Stephanie A. Pulsford ,&nbsp;Hugh Allan ,&nbsp;Matt Beitzel ,&nbsp;Kym Birgen ,&nbsp;Suzi Bond ,&nbsp;Jenny Bounds ,&nbsp;Deborah Bower ,&nbsp;Renee Brawata ,&nbsp;Ben Broadhurst ,&nbsp;Emma Carlson ,&nbsp;Simon Clulow ,&nbsp;Saul Cunningham ,&nbsp;Luke Dunn ,&nbsp;Lisa Evans ,&nbsp;Bruno Ferronato ,&nbsp;Donald B. Fletcher ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Snape","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban planning which enhances native biodiversity in and around cities is needed to address the impacts of urbanisation and conserve urban biodiversity. The “Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design” (BSUD) framework incorporates ecological knowledge into urban planning to achieve positive biodiversity outcomes through improved urban design and infrastructure development. BSUD includes principles to direct strategic design and placement of connected wildlife habitat. However, effective BSUD implementation requires defining and quantifying the landscape-scale habitat connectivity needs of a range of taxon groups within urban contexts. The aim of our study was to use expert elicitation to address these gaps in landscape-scale habitat connectivity currently limiting the capacity of urban planning. We estimated habitat connectivity needs for seven representative taxon groups in urban environments, including ideal habitat, habitat constraints, barriers to movement, and movement thresholds that determine habitat connectivity. In using expert elicitation to quantify habitat connectivity requirements for urban biodiversity, our study provides insights on both the usefulness of expert elicitation to inform urban habitat connectivity planning generally, and the functional habitat connectivity requirements of our focal taxon groups specifically. Overall, we consider our expert-derived estimates of connected habitat to be a highly useful set of baseline data for habitat and connectivity modelling and urban planning for a range of taxon groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial shifts in steppe bird hotspots over two decades: Assessing conservation priorities and the role of protected areas","authors":"Pablo Medrano-Vizcaíno ,&nbsp;Ana Benítez-López ,&nbsp;Juan Traba ,&nbsp;Beatriz Arroyo ,&nbsp;Gerard Bota ,&nbsp;Manuel B. Morales ,&nbsp;François Mougeot","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of biodiversity hotspots is crucial for defining and prioritizing conservation areas and efforts. However, periodic reassessments are needed to track spatial shifts and changes in species composition over time. Focusing on steppe birds, one of the most threatened groups of birds in Europe, we identified historical (1998–2002) and current (2014–2023) hotspots (high value areas for conservation, defined as species-rich areas with higher frequency of rare and threatened species) and spatial shifts between the two periods in Spain, their main European stronghold. We also evaluated i) whether hotspots were covered by Protected Areas (PAs), ii) the effectiveness of PAs at maintaining species-rich steppe bird communities; and iii) which species should be considered as conservation priorities. We evidenced spatial changes of hotspots during the last two decades. Two regions in Central and NE Spain collectively accounted for &gt;50 % of historical and current hotspot areas, while other regions in NW Spain lost &gt;50 % of hotspot areas. The extent of hotspots including PAs increased from 21.8 % to 29.4 %, however, overall species richness declined over the two periods, particularly outside PAs. This indicates that PAs can be an effective conservation tool for steppe bird communities. Finally, we identified nine “high priority” species for conservation that included two sandgrouse, two bustards, two passerines, one raptor, one wader and one gamebird. Our results shed light on how quickly the conservation status of species and communities can change, the importance of continuous monitoring, and the urgent need for adaptive conservation strategies to protect biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological innovations for biodiversity monitoring and the design of agri-environmental schemes","authors":"Matteo Zavalloni ,&nbsp;Stefano Targetti ,&nbsp;Davide Viaggi","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Policymakers and scholars are increasingly interested in result-based schemes to improve the performance of biodiversity conservation policies. However, the availability and accuracy of monitoring technologies challenge a shift from traditional input-based incentives to result-based schemes. Inspired by recent technological developments, we develop a model based on a Bayesian framework to analyze the policy implications of potential improvements in biodiversity monitoring quality. Our numerical results suggest that improving monitoring quality increases the number of farmers enrolling in the scheme and their efforts. The availability of monitoring technologies with sufficiently high quality could make result-based schemes more performative than input-based ones. Monitoring developments might unlock the potential of result-based schemes and lead to their wider adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing viable European bison metapopulations in Central Europe","authors":"Hendrik Bluhm ,&nbsp;Rafał Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Wanda Olech ,&nbsp;Kajetan Perzanowski ,&nbsp;Damaris Zurell ,&nbsp;Tobias Kümmerle","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restoring populations of large mammals in human-dominated landscapes requires careful planning of conservation strategies. To support such planning for the European bison (<em>Bison bonasus</em>), Europe's largest land mammal currently constrained to small and isolated populations, we parameterized an individual-based, spatially-explicit metapopulation model. We then systematically assessed the impacts of three conservation interventions: 1) connectivity restoration with wildlife overpasses, 2) additional reintroductions, and 3) reduced supplementary feeding to encourage dispersal. Our baseline model projected a doubling of bison abundance in Central Europe within 30 years to &gt;2250 females (in 20 occupied habitat patches), reaching &gt;4300 females (38 patches) within 100 years. Yet subpopulations often remained isolated, highlighting the need for interventions to increase connectivity to prevent a further erosion of already low genetic diversity. Of the interventions we tested, reintroductions were most effective (5 % abundance increase, 10 % patch occupancy increase, on average, after 50 years) and helped establish larger metapopulations that are important for maintaining genetic diversity. Individual wildlife overpasses had a small effect (1 % range increase). Reducing supplementary feeding did not promote range expansion and slightly slowed population growth. We found that the five extant subpopulations in north-eastern Poland could form a viable metapopulation and identified two additional promising regions for such metapopulations: (1) Western Poland/Eastern Germany, and (2) the Eastern Carpathians in Poland/Slovakia. Overall, our findings underscore the potential for European megafauna recovery, highlight the key role of reintroductions to help megafauna reclaim their historical ranges, and can guide more fine-scale assessments of the social-ecological feasibility of such recoveries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined gap analysis for biodiversity conservation under climate change","authors":"Elham Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Faraham Ahmadzadeh ,&nbsp;Asghar Abdoli ,&nbsp;Miguel B. Araújo ,&nbsp;Babak Naimi","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In concert with climate change, our planet faces unprecedented biodiversity loss, with half of all species at risk of extinction. Despite global conservation efforts, the biodiversity crisis continues to outpace these actions. The Global Biodiversity Framework seeks to halt this trend by expanding protected areas (PAs) to cover 30 % of terrestrial and aquatic environments by 2030. Conservation gap analysis, based on species distribution models (SDMs), is vital for assessing the effectiveness of PAs under future climate scenarios. However, traditional gap analysis often relies on binary predictions, leading to critical information loss and failing to target multiple species groups simultaneously or address dynamic species distributions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a refined gap analysis method using a fuzzy approach with machine learning models. Our method incorporates multiple species groups, dispersal scenarios, and uncertainty assessments, offering improved conservation planning. We applied this approach to amphibians—a taxon highly vulnerable to climate change—and evaluated PA effectiveness and potential refugia under various future scenarios. Our findings show that while approximately 60 % of amphibians currently protected by PAs may continue to find refuge, their average habitat suitability is expected to decline significantly under future conditions, indicating potential losses in PA effectiveness. Our refined fuzzy gap analysis captures a continuous spectrum of habitat suitability, facilitates species comparability, and integrates multiple conservation targets. This approach provides a robust tool to guide biodiversity strategies, ensuring that conservation efforts are more adaptive, resilient, and precise in the face of climate change uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do pinch points in conservation corridors matter? A test case using localized butterflies and grasshoppers","authors":"Liaam Davids,&nbsp;James S. Pryke,&nbsp;Michael J. Samways","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation corridors are important for supporting biodiversity conservation across many transformed landscapes. However, these corridors vary in terms of their structural layout. Constrictions, or pinch-points, are localized narrowing of corridor width and in extreme cases the corridors are blocked off, creating cul-de sacs. Little is known about the effect of pinch-points on biodiversity within conservation corridors. We focus here on pinch-points along remnant natural grassland corridors designed to mitigate the effects of adjacent plantation stands. We use grasshoppers and butterflies to assess this constriction effect, as these taxa are known to be sensitive to subtle changes in habitat. Effects of constriction size and habitat quality were assessed for butterfly and grasshopper species richness, abundance, and assemblage composition. Three pinch-point types were selected (narrow (&lt; 50 m wide), wide (&gt; 50 m wide), and cul-de-sac (one entrance/exit)). These were compared with open grassland reference sites. Cul-de-sacs significantly reduced butterfly and grasshopper abundance due to their inability to connect existing remnant grassland areas along and because they promote high levels of alien bramble, <em>Rubus cuneifolius</em>. Wide pinch-points supported the most species-rich butterfly assemblages, while grasshopper species preferred narrow pinch-points. Butterflies responded more strongly to environmental changes than grasshoppers, with bare ground, rocky areas, and <em>R. cuneifolius</em> cover being the most significant predictors. As the wide and narrow pinch points are present for commercial timber production purposes, yet have minimal adverse effect on the insects, they can be largely left without any concern for biodiversity. However, where possible cul-de-sacs should be opened at the closed end to improve structural and functional connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability and avian biodiversity tensions in wastewater management in arid zones","authors":"Khaled Noby ,&nbsp;Ignas M.A. Heitkönig ,&nbsp;Erwin Bulte ,&nbsp;Marc Naguib","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic and climatic changes around the globe. Many animals lose the habitats where they can settle and reproduce successfully or are affected in their migratory movements due to disturbance and a lack of stop-over sites. For instance, wetlands are declining worldwide with strong impacts on millions of resident and migratory birds relying on them. Artificial wetlands, such as wastewater treatment ponds can serve an important role in meeting habitat needs of wetland and water-dependent birds. Yet these sites are also altered by technological upgrades geared to more efficient water usage, with largely unknown consequences for avian biodiversity. Here, we systematically determine the relationship between wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) and avian biodiversity across various levels of technological WTP advancement, along the Nile in Egypt, which is a major bird migration flyway. We show that WTPs host large numbers of resident and migratory birds, however the most advanced treatment technologies have significantly lower abundance, species richness and species diversity compared to less advanced WTPs. In contrast, lower-technology WTPs with water availability and spill-over ponds and with a presumably higher water quality displayed higher species diversity. WTP type also affected the avian community composition, with smaller and less diverse species communities in the technologically most advanced WTPs with no open water surface. The results underscore ecological trade-offs associated with water-saving technologies, especially in arid regions where natural wetlands are limited or absent. We advocate for a balanced approach to wastewater management that integrates human resource efficiency and biodiversity conservation. Our findings have broader implications for trade-offs in resource management, emphasizing the need for multi-stakeholder involvement and nature-based scientific approaches. Our study lays the groundwork for establishing wastewater treatment policy that meets both the needs of humans and of wildlife, and more broadly, how wastewater treatment can contribute to biodiversity conservation and meeting sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ecosystem integrity in protected areas: A systematic review of methods and applications","authors":"Yunshuang Feng ,&nbsp;Yue Cao ,&nbsp;Ming Yam Chan ,&nbsp;Zhangqian Ye ,&nbsp;Zhicong Zhao ,&nbsp;Le Yu ,&nbsp;Yongliang Liang ,&nbsp;Steve Carver ,&nbsp;Rui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecosystem integrity of protected area (PA) is critical for biodiversity conservation, and is emphasized as a long-term goal and an action target in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). However, there is a lack of systematic review on ecological integrity assessments in PAs that consider various ecosystem types and spatial scales. We conducted a systematic review based on the Web of Science databases. A total of 110 articles were included in the analysis. The results showed that studies were predominantly conducted in the United States, China, Canada, South Africa, and Australia, which were influenced by geographical characteristics, conservation policies, ecosystem diversity, climatic conditions, and human activities. The temporal span of the studies is diverse, capturing ecological changes at various temporal scales. While individual-scale studies are more common, there is a notable lack of research at the global scale. Complex ecosystems have received the most research attention, followed by wetland ecosystems, while deserts and agricultural fields remain significantly understudied. The assessment indicators, methods and application vary across different spatial scales. Future research should integrate cross-scale assessments, taking into account data availability and ecosystem types, to develop specific and integrated evaluation models. There is a need to consolidate data across platforms and establish a long-term global ecological monitoring program to continuously track ecosystem changes. This systematic review improves the understanding and assessment of ecosystem integrity, providing theoretical and practical guidance for achieving the goals in the GBF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}