Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of invasive American bullfrogs and their removal on Northwestern pond turtles","authors":"Sidney M. Woodruff ,&nbsp;Robert L. Grasso ,&nbsp;Brian J. Halstead ,&nbsp;Brian D. Todd","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The American bullfrog (<em>Rana catesbeiana</em>) is an invasive species globally significant for its role as a generalist predator in freshwater systems. Native turtles are among the species eaten by bullfrogs, and turtle populations are slow to recover from this impact. We examined the effects of bullfrogs and their removal on Northwestern pond turtles (<em>Actinemys marmorata</em>) at four sites in Yosemite National Park. From 2016 to 2022, we monitored turtle populations in two sites where bullfrogs were present and two where they have been absent. We removed 12,317 bullfrogs, larvae, and whole egg masses from one site and 4067 from the other, reaching near complete eradication by 2019. We captured just large adult turtles where bullfrogs were present compared with all sizes where bullfrogs were absent. Prior to near complete eradication, juvenile turtles were only found with bullfrogs when they were recovered from bullfrog stomachs. Turtles at bullfrog present sites were 26–36 % larger and 76–97 % heavier than turtles from bullfrog absent sites. Turtle abundance and densities were also 2–100 times higher at bullfrog absent sites. We captured the first juvenile turtles at bullfrog present sites only after reaching near complete bullfrog eradication in 2019. Altogether, our study shows a prolonged lack of juvenile turtle recruitment where bullfrogs were present but offers hope that bullfrog control may succeed in recovering turtle populations by easing predation pressure on hatchlings and juveniles. Our results indicate that bullfrog eradication efforts may be necessary to ensure persistence of at-risk species like native turtles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High nature value farmlands to identify crucial agroecosystems for multi-taxa conservation","authors":"Andrea Dalpasso ,&nbsp;Gentile Francesco Ficetola ,&nbsp;Gianpiero Calvi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Costanzo ,&nbsp;Mattia Falaschi ,&nbsp;Carlo Polidori ,&nbsp;Diego Rubolini ,&nbsp;Mattia Brambilla","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural expansion is among the main drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide, yet agroecosystems can host an important share of biodiversity, which in turn provides multiple ecosystem services. Pinpointing agroecosystems that sustain high biodiversity levels is thus fundamental for safeguarding both biodiversity and human well-being. In Europe, the High Nature Value Farmlands (HNVF) concept was introduced to assess and enhance farmland biodiversity conservation under EU policies. While several approaches exist for identifying HNVF, the species-based approach seems the most reliable for identifying biodiversity-rich agroecosystems. We relied on Species Distribution Models to map bird species richness across Italy and assess the environmental factors affecting it. Then, we identified HNVF based on 1) richness of species of EU conservation interest and 2) richness of Italian Farmland Bird Index species. We also assessed if bird-based HNVF can be good surrogates for the diversity of wild bees, amphibians, and reptiles. The richness of both conservation-interest and farmland birds was enhanced by herbaceous crops, landscape heterogeneity, and length of rivers, while it was negatively affected by woody crops. HNVF identified by the two approaches were located in different regions. HNVF based on the richness of conservation-interest birds also hosted a higher richness of wild bees, while HNVF based on farmland birds hosted a higher richness of reptiles. Our study identified key environmental and landscape factors shaping bird species richness in agroecosystems, providing valuable insights for landscape-level conservation actions under EU agricultural policies. Species-based HNVF can complement vegetation- or landscape-based approaches for the identification of biodiversity-rich agroecosystems, providing a comprehensive framework to assess, promote, and maintain farmland biodiversity, favouring multiple taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The loss of an unknown biodiversity: Spatial gaps in plant survey and conservation in a Brazilian hotspot of biodiversity","authors":"Priscila Silveira ,&nbsp;Juliana Silveira dos Santos ,&nbsp;João Carlos Pena ,&nbsp;Natácia E. de Lima ,&nbsp;Luciana C. Vitorino ,&nbsp;Felipe Martello ,&nbsp;Rejane A. Guimares ,&nbsp;Jhonatan W. Moreira ,&nbsp;Jordanna C. Gomes ,&nbsp;Lara M. de Araújo ,&nbsp;Milton C. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Rosane G. Collevatti","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overall, biodiversity sampling is biased in different ways, such as taxa, geography, ecosystem, and accessibility. In the Brazilian Cerrado biome, a biodiversity hotspot, survey gaps have been identified across several taxa, which can hinder conservation effectiveness. Here, we address spatial gaps and sampling bias in plant surveys across Cerrado using an exhaustive literature search, and calculated data completeness and deficiency. We analyzed spatial sampling gaps in the Cerrado ecoregions, protected areas (PAs) and priority areas for conservation (PCs), and bias in relation to the distance to universities, PAs, PCs, and environmental heterogeneity. We also assessed the surveyed sites conservation status at fine and large spatial scales using multitemporal land cover maps (1985–2023), and identified the relationship between the number of species sampled, total surveyed area, and completeness. We found 1445 surveys encompassing 12,881.37 ha surveyed in Cerrado. We found low spatial completeness across all ecoregions. The central and southern Cerrado had higher number of surveys, while the northern and western had lower, &lt; 20 survey sites, and are losing natural vegetation at both fine and large spatial scales. Surveyed sites are close to universities, PAs, and PCs, in areas with low environmental heterogeneity, and had &lt;50 % overlap with PAs and PCs. The number of species increased with the total area surveyed and completeness, indicating that plant diversity is likely underestimated in most ecoregions. It is essential to increase the number of plant surveys in under surveyed ecoregions before remnants are lost due to agricultural expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How pyrodiversity shapes bat communities in a southeastern Australian woodland","authors":"Amanda Lo Cascio ,&nbsp;Sabine Kasel ,&nbsp;Julian Di Stefano ,&nbsp;Holly Sitters ,&nbsp;Luke T. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patterns of fire are shifting worldwide and contributing to mammal declines. A proposed solution is to generate pyrodiversity—temporal and spatial variation in fires—tailored to the needs of species. However, the type and scale of pyrodiversity that promotes populations of some mammals, such as microbats, and habitats remains unclear. We aimed to determine how the amount, configuration, and diversity of fire age classes shapes microbat diversity in woodlands of southeastern Australia. We surveyed microbats at 136 sites and measured spatial context of fire at six scales (centred on sites with a radius ranging from 0.5 to 5 km). Regression models were used to quantify the influence of fire patterns on species richness and detection rate of 12 microbat species. Species richness increased with higher diversity of fire age classes at three of six spatial scales. The detection rate of nine out of 12 species increased with higher diversity of fire age classes at one or more scales. We did not detect a clear relationship between species richness and the amount of the late fire age class (&gt;34 years post-fire). However, four species were positively associated with the amount of late fire age class at one or more scales. We detected few relationships between microbats and configuration metrics such as edge density. Microbat communities in woodlands will benefit from pyrodiversity that includes diverse fire age classes, weighted towards older classes with critical habitat resources. This knowledge will help guide management actions, including planned burning, fire suppression efforts and habitat restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of African wild dogs in response to larger carnivores in an ecosystem with artificial water provisioning","authors":"Elisa Sandoval-Serés ,&nbsp;Egil Dröge ,&nbsp;Marion Valeix ,&nbsp;Esther van der Meer ,&nbsp;Lara L. Sousa ,&nbsp;Justin Seymour-Smith ,&nbsp;Andrea Sibanda ,&nbsp;Elise Say-Sallaz ,&nbsp;Liz Campbell ,&nbsp;Duhita Naware ,&nbsp;Daphine Madhlamoto ,&nbsp;Roseline Mandisodza-Chikerema ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Loveridge","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporal and spatial partitioning are forms of niche segregation to reduce species competition. Subordinate carnivores can use reactive or proactive strategies to avoid larger predators. We aimed to evaluate if African wild dogs avoid larger predators (leopards, lions and spotted hyaenas) reactively or proactively in space and time at different spatial and temporal scales in an ecosystem with artificial water provisioning in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. We used camera-trapping data and generalized linear mixed models, activity pattern overlap, and time-to-event analyses. In general, wild dogs used the same space as the other three larger predators, but at different times. Temporal avoidance of all three predators was especially strong close to waterholes. Spatio-temporally, wild dogs mainly used a reactive strategy to avoid hyaenas, and most likely a proactive strategy towards lions and leopards. Wild dogs were able to coexist at different times in areas (rich in prey) with high aggregation and density of predators (but lower than ∼14 hyaenas/100km²) as long as there was closed vegetation, and enough permanent waterholes (above ∼0.01 waterholes per km², waterholes being surrogates for prey aggregation and abundance). Conservation management tools should implement heterogeneous waterhole-provisioning schemes to facilitate interspecific coexistence through increasing niche-partitioning opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging passive acoustic monitoring for result-based agri-environmental schemes: Opportunities, challenges and next steps","authors":"Anna F. Cord ,&nbsp;Kevin Darras ,&nbsp;Ryo Ogawa ,&nbsp;Luc Barbaro ,&nbsp;Charlotte Gerling ,&nbsp;Maria Kernecker ,&nbsp;Nonka Markova-Nenova ,&nbsp;Gabriela Rodriguez-Barrera ,&nbsp;Felix Zichner ,&nbsp;Frank Wätzold","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite over three decades of agri-environmental schemes (AES) in Europe, farmland biodiversity continues to decline. Most AES are action-based, compensating farmers for implementing biodiversity-friendly management practices. In contrast, result-based payments (RBP) are AES that reward farmers for achieving specific biodiversity targets, making them a promising alternative for farmland species conservation. RBP have largely focused on vascular plants due to the difficulty and expense of monitoring elusive or mobile species. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) offers new opportunities for low-cost, standardised monitoring of soniferous animals’ occurrence, activity and diversity. This study conceptually explores the integration of PAM as a novel monitoring approach within RBP. Using established RBP design frameworks, we examine key considerations for employing PAM in future RBP. We identify appropriate biodiversity targets at species and ecological community levels as well as indicators that effectively represent these targets. We further assess how the use of PAM affects the costs associated with RBP, with a focus on expenses for monitoring. Farmer acceptance is key to the success of AES, so we discuss farmers’ willingness to adopt PAM technology and their perspectives on using ecological communities as targets in RBP. Finally, we propose pathways to implement PAM-based RBP pilot projects, emphasising collaboration with farmers and authorities, and provide an example for the whinchat as a target species. Such pilots can test the feasibility of integrating PAM in practical settings while addressing challenges identified in this study at the conceptual level, such as cost, technical implementation, and farmer engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of genetic, taxonomic, and functional dimensions of biodiversity yields conservation insights","authors":"Carla L. Atkinson ,&nbsp;Irene Sánchez González ,&nbsp;Jamie R. Bucholz ,&nbsp;Garrett W. Hopper ,&nbsp;Ryan C. Garrick ,&nbsp;Colin R. Jackson ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Lozier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species richness and population genetic diversity are fundamental components of biodiversity that are both predicted to enhance ecosystem function. However, there is a lack of understanding on how biodiversity scales across levels of biological organization. Conservation initiatives differ in scope and priorities, ranging from protection of a particular species to ecosystem function such that an integrated understanding across levels may tell us how focusing on one priority may benefit others. Unionid freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled faunal groups making them a focus of significant conservation efforts. Here we examine how genetic, species, and functional diversity are interlinked in mussels and how protection at one level may lead to greater permanence at another. We leveraged an extensive dataset from the Mobile and Tennessee River basins, a biodiversity hotspot for mussels, to test for relationships among 1) cumulative multi-species abundance, species richness, and imperilment status; 2) population genetic diversity and species abundance and richness; 3) species richness and functional diversity; and 4) genetic diversity and functional diversity. Overall, integration across these datasets revealed positive abundance-richness relationships, a positive relationship between intraspecific abundance and genetic diversity, and positive relationships for both genetic diversity and species richness with functional richness. Our results have implications for species- or ecosystem-level conservation and management efforts as managers may be able to survey diversity at a subset of levels and make reasonable predictions about the others. Despite the dire prognosis for freshwater biodiversity, we show there are opportunities for bridging basic research and conservation actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of transport infrastructure construction on breeding birds: A long term before-during-after experiment on female bustards","authors":"Soumaya Belghali ,&nbsp;Pierrick Devoucoux ,&nbsp;Daniel Bizet ,&nbsp;Nathalie Hiessler ,&nbsp;Thomas Menut ,&nbsp;Olivier Scher ,&nbsp;Vincent Bretagnolle ,&nbsp;Aurélien Besnard","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificialization has significantly increased in the past century, posing one of the greatest threats to the viability of animal populations. Since 1980, it has been the second-highest cause of decline in farmland bird populations in Western Europe, after agricultural intensification. Impacts occur through direct destruction of natural and semi-natural habitats or their fragmentation, and also indirectly through the alteration of abiotic and biotic conditions in surrounding habitats, a phenomenon known as the zone effect. Most studies on the effect of artificialization on birds focus on existing structures without considering pre-construction conditions, which limits the ability to accurately assess and quantify their impacts and their zone effect. These studies also often only focus on singing male birds, which are easier to monitor, although females tend to make a greater contribution to population dynamics and may behave differently than males. Taking a different approach, this study estimated the impact of linear transport infrastructure before, during and after its construction on female birds in a breeding population. The case study was the Nîmes–Montpellier high-speed railway (HSR), which crosses the Costières Nîmoises Special Protection Area, home to one of the largest populations in France of little bustards (<em>Tetrax tetrax</em>), a highly endangered farmland bird species. Over a 10-year period, female little bustards were monitored before, during and after construction of the HSR within suitable breeding habitat at stratified distances from the railway. The results revealed a significant decline in female density, with a strong avoidance of areas near the HSR, extending up to 775 m after the trains began operating. While there were no major changes in breeding habitat availability in the area, female breeding capacity dropped by 57.8 % in the zone effect area, representing 26 % of the protected area. These findings highlight the need for thorough assessments of the indirect impacts of infrastructure using robust before-during-after-distance-control-impact methods. They also show the importance of considering zone effects in environmental impact assessments and conservation planning to ensure effective protection of threatened species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old growth forests: A blueprint for restoring mycorrhizal fungi in second-growth and thinned coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) stands","authors":"David C. Bañuelas,&nbsp;Samantha A. Bellier-Igasaki,&nbsp;Doreen J. Guzman,&nbsp;Arlena Esquivel,&nbsp;Ngoc H.D. Le,&nbsp;Doan M. Nguyen,&nbsp;Celeste A. Franco,&nbsp;Jessica R. Giampietro,&nbsp;Kathleen K. Treseder","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, old-growth forests are a critical benchmark for restoring second-growth. In Northern California, the Redwood National and State Parks protects nearly 50 % of the remaining old-growth range of coast redwoods (<em>Sequoia sempervirens</em>). There, Pinaceae trees were aerially seeded in second-growth stands. While the deleterious effects of this approach in redwoods are well documented, the effects on mycorrhizal fungi have yet to be considered. This study aimed to determine how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are affected by the encroachment and subsequent thinning of Pinaceae. We expected the exclusive reliance of Sitka spruce (<em>Picea sitchensis</em>) and Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) on EMF to reduce the richness and relative abundance of AMF in second-growth stands compared to old-growth. Indeed, we found this to be the case (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis). While we predicted the richness and relative abundance of EMF to be most prevalent in second-growth, there were no significant differences between old- and second-growth stands. Furthermore, we expected the soils of thinned forests to be intermediate, where the richness and relative abundance of AMF and EMF would fall between old- and second-growth. Instead, the richness and relative abundance of AMF in thinned forests was significantly lower compared to old-growth, and closer to that of unthinned second-growth stands. We only found marginal differences in the composition of the broader fungal community across old-growth, second-growth, and thinned redwood stands. Future efforts should aim to restore AMF in second-growth and thinned forests to resemble below-ground conditions of old-growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including Funga in Brazilian environmental impact reports","authors":"Isadora Amaral-Silva ,&nbsp;Gabriel Prado Barcelos ,&nbsp;Matheus Ganiko-Dutra ,&nbsp;Veridiana de Lara Weiser","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many countries, Environment Impact Assessment fails in addressing biodiversity. The current legal framework in Brazil restricts the recognition of fungi, leading to gaps in environmental assessments and conservation efforts. This perspective article explores the implications of this legal omission and offers proposals for the inclusion of fungi in Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) and other relevant conservation documents. The article discusses the importance of fungi in ecosystem sustainability and biodiversity, presenting specific inclusion measures such as fostering specialized mycological groups, implementing mitigation strategies like fungarium creation and fungal rescue programs, and enhancing mycological research. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for robust public policy support and the integration of fungi in national conservation strategies. The article highlights the urgency of training qualified professionals to effectively incorporate fungi into environmental assessments, ultimately advocating for a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to biodiversity conservation in Brazil, contributing to a global debate about biodiversity in Environment Impact Assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 111095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}