Biological Conservation最新文献

{"title":"AI-assisted data extraction helps uncover spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic drivers of wildlife crime involving sea turtles","authors":"Changjian Fu ,&nbsp;Weijia Ren ,&nbsp;Emilio Pagani-Núñez ,&nbsp;Yuqing Han ,&nbsp;Jincheng Yang ,&nbsp;Huijie Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crimes associated with an ever-increasing demand for wildlife products are one of the most notable threats to marine and freshwater ecosystems. To combat such crimes, it is crucial to identify their spatiotemporal patterns and hotspots, which have largely been overlooked in previous research. However, especially after the emergence of large language models (LLMs), this process has become more time-efficient and accurate. In this study, we analyzed spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic drivers of wildlife crime in sea turtles, using Deepseek to extract data from 247 court verdicts. DeepSeek data extraction reached an accuracy of over 99 % in extracting 25 items from each verdict. We found that most individual sea turtles and products were seized in southeastern coastal cities of China and identified two main trafficking hotspots. First, nearly 73 % (450/613) of the hawksbill turtles and 84 % (325/386) of the green turtles were seized or originated from Hainan province, China. Second, nearly 98 % (207/211) of the loggerhead turtles were seized from Zhoushan, Zhejiang province. Moreover, nearly all the manufactured products (over 99 %, mainly made of tortoiseshell) were seized or originated from Hainan. Destinations of trafficking tended to be northern inland cities, with one main hotspot: 5.5 % (68/1236) of individuals and 30.3 % (8896/29,323) of the products were seized in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, which originated from Hainan. Our study highlights how AI tools can boost biodiversity conservation research by leveraging large datasets. In doing so, we were able to identify major hotspots of wildlife crime, as well as main trafficking routes. These findings might be relevant for law enforcement efforts and help to enhance sea turtle conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lasting legacies: Relicts of historical plant communities in Central European grasslands amid a century of biodiversity loss","authors":"Susanne Riedel ,&nbsp;Stefan Widmer ,&nbsp;Jürgen Dengler ,&nbsp;Felix Herzog ,&nbsp;Manuel K. Schneider ,&nbsp;Thomas Wohlgemuth ,&nbsp;Michael Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Central European grasslands have undergone significant transformations due to anthropogenic pressures such as land-use change, nitrogen deposition, and climate change. The persistence of historical grassland communities in the face of environmental change offers a unique opportunity for restoration initiatives. This study evaluates the availability of such remnant grasslands in Switzerland, by identifying patches that retained species composition and richness similar to the status of grasslands a century ago, and which can thus serve as nuclei for restoration. We resurveyed 73 sites selected from historical records, previously recorded around 1900, across a range of elevations and moisture regimes. Two plot types were sampled at each site: randomly positioned plots to assess average changes in species composition and targeted plots to assess the most similar remnants of the historical community. Species richness in the current most similar plots remained remarkably comparable to historical levels across all elevations and moisture levels, whereas current average plots exhibited a decline in dry and mesic grasslands. Ecological indicator values revealed significant increases in nutrient levels in dry and wet grasslands, likely driven by nitrogen deposition and land-use intensification. These changes were accompanied by shifts in species composition and increased tolerance to grazing and mowing. The analysis of CSR strategies highlighted a growing dominance of competitive species in wet and dry grasslands, along with a notable decline in stress-tolerant specialists. Our findings demonstrate the potential of remnant grasslands for restoration while emphasizing a large influence of environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating danger: Watercraft-related mortality of sea turtles in the United States Atlantic and Gulf coastal waters","authors":"Mariana M.P.B. Fuentes ,&nbsp;Brian A. Stacy ,&nbsp;Susan G. Barco ,&nbsp;Robert A. DiGiovanni Jr ,&nbsp;Karen M. Dourdeville ,&nbsp;Kimberly F. Durham ,&nbsp;Mark Faherty ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Finn ,&nbsp;Allen M. Foley ,&nbsp;Matthew H. Godfrey ,&nbsp;Robert F. Hardy ,&nbsp;Lyndsey N. Howell ,&nbsp;Adam E. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Kimberly D. Miller ,&nbsp;Maxine A. Montello ,&nbsp;S. Michelle Pate ,&nbsp;Robert L. Prescott ,&nbsp;Donna J. Shaver ,&nbsp;J. Shelby Walker ,&nbsp;Sarah Callan ,&nbsp;Armando J.B. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea turtles and watercraft often share waters, placing turtles at risk of being injured or killed by vessel strikes. Although watercraft injuries are a known threat to multiple species of imperiled sea turtles, previous studies of their impact are spatially limited. This is the case in the western Atlantic and Gulf waters of the USA, where four protected species of sea turtles regularly nest and forage: the loggerhead (<em>Caretta caretta</em>), green (<em>Chelonia mydas</em>), Kemp's ridley (<em>Lepidochelys kempii</em>), and leatherback (<em>Dermochelys coriacea</em>) turtles. To better inform management and conservation of sea turtles in the region, we characterize the spatiotemporal trends in stranded sea turtles with vessel strike injuries (VSI) from 2010 to 2022 and identify significant clusters of stranded turtles with these injuries. Frequency of VSI is considerable, with such injuries documented in a quarter of all stranded turtles. Most of the turtles found with VSI were green turtles and loggerheads, mainly found in Florida and Texas, with significant clusters of strandings with VSI found across our study region. Kemp's ridleys with VSI were predominantly found in Florida, Mississippi and Texas, and most vessel-struck leatherbacks stranded in Massachusetts. Spatiotemporal trends in strandings with VSI were characterized for each sea turtle species, which can inform efforts to prioritize areas for future studies and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebuilding ecological networks: A multi-scale approach to global restoration","authors":"Eva Moracho ,&nbsp;Signe Normand ,&nbsp;Alejandro Ordonez","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species interactions are fundamental to biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem functioning, yet their restoration remains a complex and evolving challenge. While integration of interaction networks into restoration ecology is gaining momentum, practical frameworks to address this complexity at scale are still needed. We present a multi-scale, interaction-based framework to support restoration of ecological networks and associated functions amid urgent biodiversity and ecosystem crises. Building on meta-networks as a foundation, the framework addresses three core dimensions: (1) Where to restore—by identifying spatial priorities through projected network attributes under current or future conditions; (2) What to restore—by assessing the potential for ecosystem function and resilience through trait and network attributes; and (3) How to restore—by selecting species based on their topological and functional roles within interaction networks. The proposed approach builds on the importance of bridging scales ––from upscaling sparse interaction data to regional contexts, to refining site-specific priorities. We highlight key considerations for integrating interactions into restoration planning, including interaction and functional homogenization risk and the expected cascading effects from interconnected networks, which must be accounted for to avoid unintended trade-offs. This framework advances restoration science by aligning ecological theory, data, and tools to support the recovery of diverse, resilient ecosystems and the services they provide to people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bighorn sheep respond to mountain lions with temporally dynamic forage-risk tradeoffs","authors":"Kate A. Asmus ,&nbsp;Gavin G. Cotterill ,&nbsp;Todd D. Nordeen ,&nbsp;Sam Wilson ,&nbsp;Peter J. Mahoney ,&nbsp;John F. Benson","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prey exhibit context and species-specific strategies to manage forage-predation risk tradeoffs. Mountain sheep select rugged escape terrain to minimize predation, despite reduced forage in these areas. Although bighorn sheep are diurnal and mountain lions, their most impactful predators, are nocturnal, previous research has not investigated whether bighorn sheep use an adaptive, temporally dynamic strategy to manage forage-risk tradeoffs. We estimated temporal activity and resource selection of female bighorn sheep in the Pine Ridge and Wildcat Hills subpopulations in Nebraska that are sympatric with mountain lions at the easternmost extent of both species' distribution. Bighorn sheep were strongly diurnal, whereas mountain lions were nocturnal. Consistent with the risk allocation hypothesis, females responded to temporal variation in risk by strengthening antipredator behavior at night when mountain lions were active by strongly selecting escape terrain and avoiding areas with abundant forage. Conversely, they relaxed selection of escape terrain during the day, freeing them to increase selection of abundant forage during safer times. Mountain sheep are known to prioritize safety by using steep, rugged terrain at the expense of foraging opportunities. We identified a temporally dynamic strategy used by females to navigate forage-risk tradeoffs that should provide energetic benefits. Our results inform conservation by showing that females in the Pine Ridge subpopulation that has declined precipitously navigated forage-risk tradeoffs less effectively than females in the stable Wildcat Hills subpopulation, suggesting indirect effects of avoiding predation. We provide new insight into forage-risk strategies for a species that is declining across much of its historical range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodiversity conservation in the Cerrado: Representation of geophysical scenarios in the biome's protected areas network","authors":"Murilo S. Silva ,&nbsp;Lucas Jardim ,&nbsp;Levi Carina Terribile","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geodiversity is the abiotic variation in Earth's surface and subsoil, the basis for the existence and diversification of biodiversity and environmental and ecosystem services. Furthermore, it is considered important in the context of climate adaptation strategies, with the promotion of microclimatic refugia for species. Currently, geodiversity conservation should be favored initially in regions that are naturally more geodiverse, as these regions tend to be less suitable for other human activities, mainly in historically neglected biomes, such as the Cerrado. Based on this premise, we evaluate the protection of geodiversity in the Cerrado biome by measuring the variation in geodiversity inside and outside protected and non-protected areas. To achieve this, we considered the difference between the average variation in geodiversity of each area (protected and non-protected areas) and the average value of its respective hydrographic microregion. We identify that a priori, the conservation of the Cerrado biome is an important component to achieving the objectives of the conservation strategy of a great and diverse geophysical scenario. Approximately 67 % of the variation in conservation bias in the Cerrado was explained by the distribution of geodiverse areas in this biome. Areas under protection were generally allocated in regions of higher geodiversity than non-protected areas. However, the efficiency of this strategy depends on aspects related to the governance of these areas. Furthermore, this bias neglects ecosystems' differences, which can compromise biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in less geodiverse areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can apex predators at the periphery of their range be effectively safeguarded? The Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga in Poland","authors":"Grzegorz Maciorowski ,&nbsp;Paweł Podkowa ,&nbsp;Jacek Skubis ,&nbsp;Piotr Zduniak","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the status of the Greater Spotted Eagle (<em>Clanga clanga</em>), one of Europe's most endangered vertebrates and globally one of the least numerous raptor species. It was conducted over 28 years in Central Europe's largest lowland marsh and peatbog complexes, where diverse protection measures were implemented in the most recent 20 years, including restricted-access zones, watercourse regulation, and artificial nesting platforms. The mean breeding pair density over the past 28 years was 0.5/100 km² pairs, with an average of 0.27/100 km² pairs initiating broods. Furthermore, 81.5 % of initiated broods succeeded, yielding 0.20 fledglings/100 km² yearly. European <em>Pine Martens (Martes martes) were a primary cause of nest failures</em>. On average, hybridization between Greater Spotted Eagle and Lesser Spotted Eagle (<em>Clanga pomarina</em>) was observed within 35.8 % of pairs. The Biebrza Marshes turned out to be a suboptimal breeding habitat, reflected in high hybridization rates, low breeding densities, and limited successful nesting pairs. Enhanced conservation efforts are crucial to maintain the species in its range in the Biebrza Marshes. The strategies to enhance the population status include improving habitat quality by reducing drainage, increasing the number of individuals in the population by preventing cainism through the rearing and reintroduction of younger nestlings in a brood, which are always killed by older siblings, and finally by reducing European Pine Marten populations to minimize predation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unstructured spatial gradients in anthropogenic landscapes drive contrasting rodent and bat metacommunities, underscoring the need for multiscale conservation planning","authors":"Oriana Ramírez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Daniela Rodríguez-Ávila ,&nbsp;Pauline Santana-Pérez ,&nbsp;Virginia Santana-Pérez ,&nbsp;Julieta Benítez-Malvido ,&nbsp;María Leticia Arena-Ortíz ,&nbsp;Mariana Yolotl Alvarez-Añorve ,&nbsp;Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic disturbances disrupt natural gradients, increasing environmental heterogeneity and creating spatially unstructured gradients. These changes alter habitat availability and connectivity, affecting species dispersal, isolating populations, and reshaping community structure through species redistribution, population increases, declines, or losses. Understanding these impacts at multiple scales is crucial for biodiversity conservation in Neotropical forests. Rodents and bats, highly abundant and speciose mammal groups with key ecological roles and contrasting ecological strategies, should be a research priority in anthropogenic gradients. This study examines spatial patterns and mechanisms underlying bat and rodent metacommunity structures along a Neotropical anthropogenic gradient. Over two years, we sampled bat and rodent communities at 13 sites in the tropical forests of Calakmul, Mexico. Contrasting metacommunity structures revealed key factors shaping species distribution in anthropogenic landscapes. Beta diversity was high and driven by species turnover. Rodents followed a Gleasonian structure, while bats exhibited a quasi-Clementsian pattern, with herbivorous and animalivorous bats responding differently. Rodents were more influenced by local habitat attributes, whereas bats were mainly structured by landscape-scale variables. Then, functionally diverse metacommunities exhibit high beta diversity due to species turnover, driven by species sorting, mass effects, and ecological drift. These processes may intensify under anthropogenic disturbance, leading to nested patterns, increased species isolation, stronger mass effects, heightened vulnerability in low-diversity metacommunities, and reduced resilience. These findings highlight the need for (1) integrated landscape-level conservation, (2) preserving diverse patches and secondary forests, and (3) avoiding oversimplified metacommunity models (v.g. analyzing a single spatial scale) that weaken predictive power and conservation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating collision-caused bird mortality through message framing: Insights from residents' intentions for bird-safe windows","authors":"Shelby C. Carlson ,&nbsp;Tina B. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efforts to change human behavior for the benefit of biodiversity often rely on the dissemination of scientific information about biodiversity loss to nonscientific publics. This approach to science communication, known as the knowledge deficit model, is often insufficient for changing behavior. Recent trends reveal a rise in the use of <em>message framing</em> as an alternative method of communication. To address biodiversity loss caused by bird-window collisions, we use experimental survey design to compare the effect of deficit model messaging and four message frames (efficacy, emotional, moral, normative) on residents' intentions to adopt bird-safe windows, while accounting for other potentially influential cognitive and contextual factors. Data from a sample of bird enthusiasts (<em>n</em> = 2854) and the general public (<em>n</em> = 2054) in the United States and Canada indicate efficacy and emotional message frames were the <em>most</em> effective for bird enthusiasts and the general public, respectively. Prior experience with collisions, perceived impact of collision prevention, centrality of birding, educational attainment, and mutualist wildlife value orientations were also positively associated with respondents' intention to adopt bird-safe windows. Normative message frames, age, identification as male, residency in the U.S., and domination wildlife value orientations were negatively associated with adoption intention. Beliefs about collision prevention, centrality of birding, age, education, and wildlife value orientations also had similar associations with respondents' intention to encourage <em>others</em> to make their windows bird-safe. Results provide important insights for the mitigation of collision-caused bird mortality through evidence-based message framing, and the actions people are willing to take on behalf of birds and biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global key areas to conserve amphibian life forms diversity","authors":"Bruna E. Bolochio ,&nbsp;João Paulo S. Vieira-Alencar ,&nbsp;Ángela P. Cuervo-Robayo ,&nbsp;Javier Nori","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphibians are a fascinating group of vertebrates, yet they are among the most threatened and understudied. In response to their ongoing conservation crisis, numerous extinction risk assessments have been conducted in recent years; however, their diversity of ecomorphs remains largely overlooked. In a recent study, we showed that different amphibian ecomorphs face unequal threats, with some in critical situations. In this context, incorporating ecomorphological diversity into conservation planning is crucial for developing effective strategies. To address this gap, we integrated amphibian life forms into systematic conservation prioritization. First, we identified priority areas for each amphibian ecomorph and then combined them to define global conservation priorities that explicitly account for ecomorphological diversity. Our results show that at least 50 % of each ecomorph's distribution can be represented within just 2 % of the Earth's terrestrial surface. While Torrential and Arboreal species can be represented within just 0.15 % and 0.35 % of the Earth's surface respectively, burrowing species require nearly 2 %. Threat exposure also varies markedly with a 18.8 % of burrowing species' distributions overlap with global deforestation fronts, compared to just 0.9 % for aquatic species. We highlight eastern Madagascar, southern Sri Lanka, and large portions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as regions of exceptional importance for preserving amphibian life forms. Notably, these key areas do not necessarily overlap with those identified based solely on taxonomic diversity. Our findings underscore the urgent need to incorporate functional diversity into targeted and comprehensive conservation planning to enhance its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 111501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}