Fungal Genetics and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Dual auxotrophy coupled red labeling strategy for efficient genome editing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Jianhua Li ,&nbsp;Taorui Wu ,&nbsp;Jialong Wang ,&nbsp;Youlong Chen ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijun Cai ,&nbsp;Shufang Lai ,&nbsp;Kaihui Hu ,&nbsp;Wensong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The homologous recombination strategy has a long history of editing <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> target genes. The application of CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to editing target genes in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> has also received a lot of attention in recent years. All findings seem to indicate that editing relevant target genes in <em>S. cerevisiae</em> is an extremely easy event. In this study, we systematically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of homologous recombination (HR) strategy, CRISPR/Cas9 strategy, and CRISPR/Cas9 combined homology-mediated repair (CRISPR/Case9-HDR) strategy in knocking out BY4742 <em>ade2</em>. Our data showed that when the <em>ade2</em> was knocked out by HR strategy, a large number of clones appeared to be off-target, and 10 %–80 % of the so-called knockout clones obtained were heteroclones. When the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy was applied, 60% of clones were off-target and the rest were all heteroclones. Interestingly, most of the cells were edited successfully, but at least 60 % of the clones were heteroclones, when the CRISPR/Cas9-HDR strategy was employed. Our results clearly showed that the emergence of heteroclone seems inevitable regardless of the strategies used for editing BY4742 <em>ade2</em>. Given the characteristics of BY4742 defective in <em>ade2</em> showing red on the YPD plate, we attempted to build an efficient yeast gene editing strategy, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 combines homology-mediated repair template carrying an <em>ade2</em> expression cassette, BY4742(<em>ade2Δ0</em>) as the start strain. We used this strategy to successfully achieve 100 % knockout efficiency of <em>trp1</em>, indicating that technical challenges of how to easily screen out pure knockout clones without color phenotype have been solved. Our data showed in this study not only establishes an efficient yeast gene knockout strategy with dual auxotrophy coupled red labeling but also provides new ideas and references for the knockout of target genes in the monokaryotic mycelium of macrofungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose-induced endocytic degradation of the maltose transporter MalP is mediated through ubiquitination by the HECT-ubiquitin ligase HulA and its adaptor CreD in Aspergillus oryzae","authors":"Shoki Fujita ,&nbsp;Hinako Tada ,&nbsp;Yuka Matsuura ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Hiramoto ,&nbsp;Mizuki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takahiro Shintani ,&nbsp;Katsuya Gomi","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>, large amounts of amylolytic enzymes are inducibly produced by isomaltose, which is converted from maltose incorporated via the maltose transporter MalP. In contrast, the preferred sugar glucose strongly represses the expression of both amylolytic and <em>malP</em> genes through carbon catabolite repression. Simultaneously, the addition of glucose triggers the endocytic degradation of MalP on the plasma membrane. In budding yeast, the signal-dependent ubiquitin modification of plasma membrane transporters leads to selective endocytosis into the vacuole for degradation. In addition, during glucose-induced MalP degradation, the homologous of E6AP C-terminus-type E3 ubiquitin ligase (HulA) is responsible for the ubiquitin modification of MalP, and the arrestin-like protein CreD is required for HulA targeting. Although CreD-mediated MalP internalization occurs in response to glucose, the mechanism by which CreD regulates HulA-dependent MalP ubiquitination remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that three (P/L)P<em>x</em>Y motifs present in the CreD protein are essential for functioning as HulA adaptors so that HulA can recognize MalP in response to glucose stimulation, enabling MalP internalization. Furthermore, four lysine residues (three highly conserved among <em>Aspergillus</em> species and yeast and one conserved among <em>Aspergillus</em> species) of CreD were found to be necessary for its ubiquitination, resulting in efficient glucose-induced MalP endocytosis. The results of this study pave the way for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of MalP endocytic degradation through ubiquitination by the HulA–CreD complex at the molecular level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108718452400046X/pdfft?md5=0ca55b700d218ad72826eac18f3e841e&pid=1-s2.0-S108718452400046X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two ferrous iron transporter-like proteins independently participate in asexual development under iron limitation and virulence in Beauveria bassiana","authors":"Jin-Li Ding,&nbsp;Ming-Guang Feng,&nbsp;Sheng-Hua Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reductive assimilation pathway involves ferric reductase and ferrous iron transporter, which is integral for fungal iron acquisition. A family of ferric reductase-like proteins has been functionally characterized in the filamentous entomopathogenic fungus <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>. In this investigation, two ferrous iron transporter-like proteins (Ftr) were functionally annotated in <em>B. bassiana</em>. BbFtr1 and BbFtr2 displayed high similarity in structure and were associated with the plasma and nuclear membrane. Their losses had no negatively influence on fungal growth on various nutrients and development under the iron-replete condition. Single mutants of <em>BbFTR1</em> and <em>BbFTR2</em> displayed the iron-availability dependent developmental defects, and double mutant exhibited the significantly impaired developmental potential under the iron-limited conditions. In insect bioassay, the double mutant also showed the weaker virulence than either of two single disruption mutants. These results suggested that two ferrous iron transporter-like proteins function independently in fungal physiologies under the iron-deficient condition. Intriguingly, a bZIP transcription factor BbHapX was required for expression of <em>BbFTR1</em> and <em>BbFTR2</em> under iron-depleted conditions. This study enhances our understanding of the iron uptake system in the filamentous entomopathogenic fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of two genes essential for basidiospore formation during the postmeiotic stages in Pleurotus ostreatus","authors":"Takeshi Kobukata ,&nbsp;Takehito Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Fuga Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Junko Sugano ,&nbsp;Minji Oh ,&nbsp;Moriyuki Kawauchi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Yoichi Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sporeless strain is an important breeding target in the mushroom industry. However, basidiospore production in the oyster mushroom <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> has been shown to be impaired by single-gene mutations in only two meiosis-related genes, <em>mer3</em> and <em>msh4</em>. This study proposed a strategy for identifying the genes essential for basidiospore formation after meiotic division to determine new targets for molecular breeding. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify <em>P. ostreatus</em> genes that are specifically expressed in the gill tissue of fruiting bodies, where basidiospore formation occurs. Transcriptome data during fruiting development of <em>Coprinopsis cinerea</em>, in which the meiotic steps progress synchronously, were then used to identify genes that are active in the postmeiotic stages. Based on these comparative analyses, five <em>P. ostreatus</em> genes were identified. Plasmids containing expression cassettes for hygromycin B-resistance screening, Cas9, and single-guide RNA targeting each gene were introduced into the protoplasts of dikaryotic strain, PC9×#64, to generate dikaryotic gene disruptants. Among the obtained transformants, three dikaryotic <em>pcl1</em> disruptants and two <em>cro6c</em> disruptants did not produce basidiospores. Microscopic analyses indicated that spore formation was arrested at particular stages in these gene disruptants. These results indicate that these two genes are essential for mature spore formation in this fungus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140177851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The porcine skin microbiome exhibits broad fungal antagonism","authors":"Karinda F. De La Cruz ,&nbsp;Elizabeth C. Townsend ,&nbsp;J.Z. Alex Cheong ,&nbsp;Rauf Salamzade ,&nbsp;Aiping Liu ,&nbsp;Shelby Sandstrom ,&nbsp;Evelin Davila ,&nbsp;Lynda Huang ,&nbsp;Kayla H. Xu ,&nbsp;Sherrie Y. Wu ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Meudt ,&nbsp;Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam ,&nbsp;Angela L.F. Gibson ,&nbsp;Lindsay R. Kalan","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The skin and its microbiome function to protect the host from pathogen colonization and environmental stressors. In this study, using the Wisconsin Miniature Swine™ model, we characterize the porcine skin fungal and bacterial microbiomes, identify bacterial isolates displaying antifungal activity, and use whole-genome sequencing to identify biosynthetic gene clusters encoding for secondary metabolites that may be responsible for the antagonistic effects on fungi. Through this comprehensive approach of paired microbiome sequencing with culturomics, we report the discovery of novel species of <em>Corynebacterium</em> and <em>Rothia</em>. Further, this study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the porcine skin mycobiome and the evaluation of bacterial-fungal interactions on this surface. Several diverse bacterial isolates exhibit potent antifungal properties against opportunistic fungal pathogens <em>in vitro</em>. Genomic analysis of inhibitory species revealed a diverse repertoire of uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters suggesting a reservoir of novel chemical and biological diversity. Collectively, the porcine skin microbiome represents a potential unique source of novel antifungals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184524000355/pdfft?md5=ef6ac510593c67a2857fc7e834d28d80&pid=1-s2.0-S1087184524000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of endogenous UDP-glucosyltransferase in endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris reduces deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat","authors":"Meng-Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Dong ,&nbsp;Ya-Li Zhu ,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Chuan-Chao Dai ,&nbsp;Zhan Zhichun ,&nbsp;Yan-Zhen Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease that causes severe yield loses and mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain. Additionally, balancing the trade-off between wheat production and disease resistance has proved challenging. This study aimed to expand the genetic tools of the endophyte <em>Phomopsis liquidambaris</em> against <em>Fusarium graminearum.</em> Specifically, we engineered a UDP-glucosyltransferase-expressing <em>P. liquidambaris</em> strain (PL-UGT) using <em>ADE1</em> as a selection marker and obtained a deletion mutant using an inducible promoter that drives Cas9 expression. Our PL-UGT strain converted deoxynivalenol (DON) into DON-3-G <em>in vitro</em> at a rate of 71.4 % after 36 h. DON inactivation can be used to confer tolerance in planta. Wheat seedlings inoculated with endophytic strain PL-UGT showed improved growth compared with those inoculated with wildtype <em>P. liquidambaris</em>. Strain PL-UGT inhibited the growth of <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> and reduced infection rate to 15.7 %. Consistent with this finding, DON levels in wheat grains decreased from 14.25 to 0.56 μg/g when the flowers were pre-inoculated with PL-UGT and then infected with <em>F</em>. <em>graminearum</em>. The expression of <em>UGT</em> in <em>P. liquidambaris</em> was nontoxic and did not inhibit plant growth. Endophytes do not enter the seeds nor induce plant disease, thereby representing a novel approach to fungal disease control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 103899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic fungi contain abundant, diverse, and transcriptionally active Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposons","authors":"Tejas A. Navaratna ,&nbsp;Nabil Alansari ,&nbsp;Amy R. Eisenberg ,&nbsp;Michelle A. O’Malley","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are a class of repetitive elements that are widespread in the genomes of plants and many fungi. LTR retrotransposons have been associated with rapidly evolving gene clusters in plants and virulence factor transfer in fungal-plant parasite-host interactions. We report here the abundance and transcriptional activity of LTR retrotransposons across several species of the early-branching <em>Neocallimastigomycota</em>, otherwise known as the anaerobic gut fungi (AGF). The ubiquity of LTR retrotransposons in these genomes suggests key evolutionary roles in these rumen-dwelling biomass degraders, whose genomes also contain many enzymes that are horizontally transferred from other rumen-dwelling prokaryotes. Up to 10% of anaerobic fungal genomes consist of LTR retrotransposons, and the mapping of sequences from LTR retrotransposons to transcriptomes shows that the majority of clusters are transcribed, with some exhibiting expression greater than 10⁴ reads per kilobase million mapped reads (rpkm). Many LTR retrotransposons are strongly differentially expressed upon heat stress during fungal cultivation, with several exhibiting a nearly three-log₁₀ fold increase in expression, whereas growth substrate variation modulated transcription to a lesser extent. We show that some LTR retrotransposons contain carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the expansion of CAZymes within genomes and among anaerobic fungal species may be linked to retrotransposon activity. We further discuss how these widespread sequences may be a source of promoters and other parts towards the bioengineering of anaerobic fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184524000343/pdfft?md5=d633c3c7df714a43c4efd0404ec124da&pid=1-s2.0-S1087184524000343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botrytis cinerea detoxifies the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin rishitin through multiple metabolizing pathways","authors":"Abriel Salaria Bulasag ,&nbsp;Akira Ashida ,&nbsp;Atsushi Miura ,&nbsp;Sreynich Pring ,&nbsp;Teruhiko Kuroyanagi ,&nbsp;Maurizio Camagna ,&nbsp;Aiko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Ikuo Sato ,&nbsp;Sotaro Chiba ,&nbsp;Makoto Ojika ,&nbsp;Daigo Takemoto","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Botrytis cinerea</em> is a necrotrophic pathogen that infects across a broad range of plant hosts, including high-impact crop species. Its generalist necrotrophic behavior stems from its ability to detoxify structurally diverse phytoalexins. The current study aims to provide evidence of the ability of <em>B. cinerea</em> to tolerate the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin rishitin, which is produced by potato and tomato. While the growth of potato pathogens <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> (late blight) and <em>Alternaria solani</em> (early blight) was severely inhibited by rishitin, <em>B. cinerea</em> was tolerant to rishitin. After incubation of rishitin with the mycelia of <em>B. cinerea</em>, it was metabolized to at least six oxidized forms. Structural analysis of these purified rishitin metabolites revealed a variety of oxidative metabolism including hydroxylation at C7 or C12, ketone formation at C5, and dihydroxylation at the 10,11-olefin. Six rishitin metabolites showed reduced toxicity to <em>P. infestans</em> and <em>A. solani</em>, indicating that <em>B. cinerea</em> has at least 5 distinct enzymatic reactions to detoxify rishitin. Four host-specialized phytopathogenic <em>Botrytis</em> species, namely <em>B. elliptica, B. allii, B. squamosa,</em> and <em>B. tulipae</em> also had at least a partial ability to metabolize rishitin as <em>B. cinerea</em>, but their metabolic capacity was significantly weaker than that of <em>B. cinerea</em>. These results suggest that the ability of <em>B. cinerea</em> to rapidly metabolize rishitin through multiple detoxification mechanisms could be critical for its pathogenicity in potato and tomato.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Plasmodiophora brassicae Golgi-localized UPF0016 protein PbGDT1 mediates calcium but not manganese transport in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana","authors":"Md Musharaf Hossain,&nbsp;Cresilda Vergara Alinapon,&nbsp;Christopher D. Todd,&nbsp;Yangdou Wei,&nbsp;Peta C. Bonham-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manganese and calcium homeostasis and signalling, in eukaryotic organisms, are regulated through membrane located pumps, channels and exchangers, including the Mn²⁺/Ca²⁺ uncharacterized protein family 0016 (UPF0016). Here we show that <em>Plasmodiophora brassicae Pb</em>GDT1 is a member of the UPF0016 and an ortholog of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> Gdt1p (GCR Dependent Translation Factor 1) protein involved in manganese homeostasis as well as the calcium mediated stress response in yeast. <em>Pb</em>GDT1 complemented the <em>Sc</em>Gdt1p and <em>Sc</em>PMR1 (Ca²⁺ ATPase) double null mutant under elevated calcium stress but not under elevated manganese conditions. In both yeast and <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>, <em>Pb</em>GDT1 localizes to the Golgi apparatus, with additional ER association in <em>N. benthamiana</em>. Expression of <em>Pb</em>GDT1 in <em>N. benthamiana</em>, suppresses BAX-triggered cell death, further highlighting the importance of calcium homeostasis in maintaining cell physiology and integrity in a stress environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184524000331/pdfft?md5=aa96f9f487f203180bf21a2666e98faf&pid=1-s2.0-S1087184524000331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional analysis of basidiomycete specific chitin synthase genes in the agaricomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus","authors":"Kim Schiphof ,&nbsp;Moriyuki Kawauchi ,&nbsp;Kenya Tsuji ,&nbsp;Akira Yoshimi ,&nbsp;Chihiro Tanaka ,&nbsp;Takehito Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Yoichi Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitin is an essential structural component of fungal cell walls composed of transmembrane proteins called chitin synthases (CHSs), which have a large range of reported effects in ascomycetes; however, are poorly understood in agaricomycetes. In this study, evolutionary and molecular genetic analyses of <em>chs</em> genes were conducted using genomic information from nine ascomycete and six basidiomycete species. The results support the existence of seven previously classified <em>chs</em> clades and the discovery of three novel basidiomycete-specific clades (BI–BIII). The agaricomycete fungus <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> was observed to have nine putative <em>chs</em> genes, four of which were basidiomycete-specific. Three of these basidiomycete specific genes were disrupted in the <em>P. ostreatus</em> 20b strain (<em>ku80</em> disruptant) through homologous recombination and transformants were obtained (Δ<em>chsb2</em>, Δ<em>chsb3</em>, and Δ<em>chsb4</em>). Despite numerous transformations Δ<em>chsb1</em> was unobtainable, suggesting disruption of this gene causes a crucial negative effect in <em>P. ostreatus</em>. Disruption of these <em>chsb2–4</em> genes caused sparser mycelia with rougher surfaces and shorter aerial hyphae. They also caused increased sensitivity to cell wall and membrane stress, thinner cell walls, and overexpression of other chitin and glucan synthases. These genes have distinct roles in the structural formation of aerial hyphae and cell walls, which are important for understanding basidiomycete evolution in filamentous fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 103893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087184524000306/pdfft?md5=3cf19418ad1f7cfd763fec32c688e240&pid=1-s2.0-S1087184524000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}