Fungal Genetics and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Epiphytic proliferation of Zymoseptoria tritici isolates on resistant wheat leaves","authors":"H.N. Fones ,&nbsp;D. Soanes ,&nbsp;S.J. Gurr","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The wheat pathogen <em>Zymoseptoria tritici</em> is capable of a long period of pre-invasive epiphytic growth. Studies have shown that virulent isolates vary in the extent, duration and growth form of this epiphytic growth, and the fungus has been observed to undergo behaviours such as asexual reproduction by budding and vegetative fusion of hyphae on the leaf surface. This epiphytic colonisation has been investigated very little during interactions in which an isolate of <em>Z. tritici</em> is unable to colonise the apoplast, as occurs during avirulence. However, avirulent isolates have been seen to undergo sexual crosses in the absense of leaf penetration, and it is widely accepted that the main point of distinction between virulent and avirulent isolates occurs at the point of attempted leaf penetration or attempted apoplastic growth, which fails in the avirulent case. In this work, we describe extensive epiphytic growth in three isolates which are unable or have very limited ability to invade the leaf, and show that growth form is as variable as for fully virulent isolates. We demonstrate that during certain interactions, <em>Z. tritici</em> isolates rarely invade the leaf and form pycnidia, but induce necrosis. These isolates are able to achieve higher epiphytic biomass than fully virulent isolates during asymptomatic growth, and may undergo very extensive asexual reproduction on the leaf surface. These findings have implications for open questions such as whether and how <em>Z. tritici</em> obtains nutrients on the leaf surface and the nature of its interaction with wheat defences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the need for galactofuranose during the Neurospora crassa life cycle","authors":"Hayden Schaff ,&nbsp;Protyusha Dey ,&nbsp;Christian Heiss ,&nbsp;Griffin Keiser ,&nbsp;Tatiana Rojo Moro ,&nbsp;Parastoo Azadi ,&nbsp;Pavan Patel ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Free","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Galactofuranose is a constituent of the cell walls of filamentous fungi. The galactofuranose can be found as a component of N-linked oligosaccharides, in O-linked oligosaccharides, in GPI-anchored galactomannan, and in free galactomannan. The Neurospora genome contains a single UDP-galactose mutase gene (<em>ugm-1</em>/NCU01824) and two UDP-galactofuranose translocases used to import UDP-galactofuranose into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus (<em>ugt-1</em>/NCU01826 and <em>ugt-2</em>/NCU01456). Our results demonstrate that loss of galactofuranose synthesis or its translocation into the lumen of the secretory pathway affects the morphology and growth rate of the vegetative hyphae, the production of conidia (asexual spores), and dramatically affects the sexual stages of the life cycle. In mutants that are unable to make galactofuranose or transport it into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, ascospore development is aborted soon after fertilization and perithecium maturation is aborted prior to the formation of the neck and ostiole. The Neurospora genome contains three genes encoding possible galactofuranosyltransferases from the GT31 family of glycosyltransferases (<em>gfs-1</em>/NCU05878, <em>gfs-2</em>/NCU07762, and <em>gfs-3</em>/NCU02213) which might be involved in generating galactofuranose-containing oligosaccharide structures. Analysis of triple KO mutants in GT31 glycosyltransferases shows that these mutants have normal morphology, suggesting that these genes do not encode vital galactofuranosyltransferases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10559718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interactome of the UapA transporter reveals putative new players in anterograde membrane cargo trafficking","authors":"Xenia Georgiou ,&nbsp;Sofia Dimou ,&nbsp;George Diallinas ,&nbsp;Martina Samiotaki","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neosynthesized plasma membrane (PM) proteins co-translationally translocate to the ER, concentrate at regions called ER-exit sites (ERes) and pack into COPII secretory vesicles which are sorted to the early-Golgi through membrane fusion. Following Golgi maturation, membrane cargoes reach the late-Golgi, from where they exit in clathrin-coated vesicles destined to the PM, directly or through endosomes. Post-Golgi membrane cargo trafficking also involves the cytoskeleton and the exocyst. The Golgi-dependent secretory pathway is thought to be responsible for the trafficking of all major membrane proteins. However, our recent findings in <em>Aspergillus nidulans</em> showed that several plasma membrane cargoes, such as transporters and receptors, follow a sorting route that seems to bypass Golgi functioning. To gain insight on membrane trafficking and specifically Golgi-bypass, here we used proximity dependent biotinylation (PDB) coupled with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) for identifying transient interactors of the UapA transporter. Our assays, which included proteomes of wild-type and mutant strains affecting ER-exit or endocytosis, identified both expected and novel interactions that might be physiologically relevant to UapA trafficking. Among those, we validated, using reverse genetics and fluorescence microscopy, that COPI coatomer is essential for ER-exit and anterograde trafficking of UapA and other membrane cargoes. We also showed that ArfA^Arf1<span><span> GTPase activating protein (GAP) Glo3 contributes to UapA trafficking at increased temperature. This is the first report addressing the identification of transient interactions during membrane cargo biogenesis using PDB and </span>proteomics coupled with fungal genetics. Our work provides a basis for dissecting dynamic membrane cargo trafficking via PDB assays.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The histone demethylase KdmB is part of a trimeric protein complex and mediates virulence and mycotoxin production in Penicillium expansum","authors":"Dianiris Luciano-Rosario ,&nbsp;Omer Barda ,&nbsp;Joanna Tannous ,&nbsp;Dean Frawley ,&nbsp;Özgür Bayram ,&nbsp;Dov Prusky ,&nbsp;Edward Sionov ,&nbsp;Nancy P. Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epigenetic modification of chromosome structure has increasingly been associated with alterations in secondary metabolism and sporulation defects in filamentous fungal pathogens. Recently, the epigenetic reader protein SntB was shown to govern virulence, spore production and mycotoxin synthesis in the fruit pathogen <em>Penicillium expansum.</em> Through immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry, we found that SntB is a member of a protein complex with KdmB, a histone demethylase and the essential protein RpdA, a histone deacetylase. Deletion of <em>kdmB</em> phenocopied some but not all characteristics of the <em>ΔsntB</em> mutant. KdmB deletion strains exhibited reduced lesion development on Golden Delicious apples and this was accompanied by decreased production of patulin and citrinin in host tissue. In addition, Δ<em>kdmB</em> mutants were sensitive to several cell wall stressors which possibly contributed to the decreased virulence observed on apples. Slight differences in spore production and germination rates of Δ<em>kdmB</em> mutants in <em>vitro</em> did not impact overall diameter growth in culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent reductive evolution and host adaptation in Mycoavidus bacterial endosymbionts of Mortierellaceae fungi","authors":"Kevin Amses ,&nbsp;Alessandro Desiró ,&nbsp;Abigail Bryson ,&nbsp;Igor Grigoriev ,&nbsp;Stephen Mondo ,&nbsp;Anna Lipzen ,&nbsp;Kurt LaButti ,&nbsp;Robert Riley ,&nbsp;Vasanth Singan ,&nbsp;Paris Salazar-Hamm ,&nbsp;Jason King ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Ballou ,&nbsp;Teresa Pawlowska ,&nbsp;Rasheed Adeleke ,&nbsp;Gregory Bonito ,&nbsp;Jessie Uehling","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intimate associations between fungi and intracellular bacterial endosymbionts are becoming increasingly well understood. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts of Mucoromycota fungi are related either to free-living <em>Burkholderia</em> or <em>Mollicutes</em> species. The so-called <em>Burkholderia</em>-related endosymbionts or BRE comprise <em>Mycoavidus, Mycetohabitans</em> and <em>Candidatus</em> Glomeribacter gigasporarum. These endosymbionts are marked by genome contraction thought to be associated with intracellular selection. However, the conclusions drawn thus far are based on a very small subset of endosymbiont genomes, and the mechanisms leading to genome streamlining are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to better understand how intracellular existence shapes <em>Mycoavidus</em> and BRE functionally at the genome level. To this end we generated and analyzed 14 novel draft genomes for <em>Mycoavidus</em> living within the hyphae of Mortierellomycotina fungi. We found that our novel <em>Mycoavidus</em> genomes were significantly reduced compared to free-living Burkholderiales relatives. Using a genome-scale phylogenetic approach including the novel and available existing genomes of <em>Mycoavidus</em>, we show that the genus is an assemblage composed of two independently derived lineages including three well supported clades of <em>Mycoavidus</em>. Using a comparative genomic approach, we shed light on the functional implications of genome reduction, documenting shared and unique gene loss patterns between the three <em>Mycoavidus</em> clades. We found that many endosymbiont isolates demonstrate patterns of vertical transmission and host-specificity, but others are present in phylogenetically disparate hosts. We discuss how reductive evolution and host specificity reflect convergent adaptation to the intrahyphal selective landscape, and commonalities of eukaryotic endosymbiont genome evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10273922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conserved copper regulation of the antimicrobial isocyanide brassicicolin A in Alternaria brassicicola","authors":"Nischala Nadig ,&nbsp;Sung Chul Park ,&nbsp;Jin Woo Bok ,&nbsp;Nancy P. Keller","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytopathogenic <em>Alternaria</em> species are renown for production of toxins that contribute to virulence on host plants. Typically, these toxins belong to well-known secondary metabolite chemical classes including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides and terpenes. However, the purported host toxin brassicicolin A produced by <em>A. brassicicola</em> is an isocyanide, a chemical class whose genetics and encoding gene structure is largely unknown. The chemical structure of brassicicolin A shows it to have similarity to the recently characterized fumicicolins derived from the <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> isocyanide synthase CrmA. Examination of the <em>A. brassicicola</em> genome identified AbcrmA, a putative homolog with 64% identity to <em>A. fumigatus</em> CrmA. Deletion of <em>AbcrmA</em> resulted in loss of production of brassicicolin A. Contrary to reports that brassicicolin A is a host-specific toxin, the <em>ΔAbcrmA</em> mutants were equally virulent as the wildtype on <em>Brassica</em> hosts. However, in line with results of <em>A. fumigatus</em> CrmA generated metabolites, we find that brassicicolin A increased 360-fold under copper limited conditions. Also, like <em>A. fumigatus</em> CrmA derived metabolites, we find brassicicolin A to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial. We speculate that CrmA-like isocyanide synthase products provide the producing fungi a fitness advantage in copper depleted environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10590660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The KdmB-EcoA-RpdA-SntB (KERS) chromatin regulatory complex controls development, secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus","authors":"Betim Karahoda ,&nbsp;Brandon T. Pfannenstiel ,&nbsp;Özlem Sarikaya-Bayram ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Koon Ho Wong ,&nbsp;Alastair B. Fleming ,&nbsp;Nancy P. Keller ,&nbsp;Özgür Bayram","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> is a plant and human pathogen predominantly found in the soil as spores or sclerotia and is capable of producing various secondary metabolites (SM) such as the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin. Recently, we have discovered a novel nuclear chromatin binding complex (KERS) that contains the JARID1-type histone demethylase KdmB, a putative cohesion acetyl transferase EcoA, a class I type histone deacetylase RpdA and the PHD ring finger reader protein SntB in the model filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus nidulans</em>. Here, we show the presence of the KERS complex in <em>A. flavus</em> by immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry and constructed <em>kdmB</em>Δ and <em>rpdA</em>Δ strains to study their roles in fungal development, SM production and histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs). We found that KdmB and RpdA couple the regulation of SM gene clusters with fungal light-responses and HPTMs. KdmB and RpdA have opposing roles in light-induced asexual conidiation, while both factors are positive regulators of sclerotia development through the <em>nsdC</em> and <em>nsdD</em> pathway. KdmB and RpdA are essential for the productions of aflatoxin (similar to findings for SntB) as well as cyclopiazonic acid, ditryptophenaline and leporin B through controlling the respective SM biosynthetic gene clusters. We further show that both KdmB and RpdA regulate H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 levels, while RpdA also acts on H3K14ac levels in nuclear extracts. Therefore, the chromatin modifiers KdmB and RpdA of the KERS complex are key regulators for fungal development and SM metabolism in <em>A. flavus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10196472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the state of research to manage Fusarium head blight","authors":"Soumya Moonjely ,&nbsp;Malaika Ebert ,&nbsp;Drew Paton-Glassbrook ,&nbsp;Zachary A. Noel ,&nbsp;Ludmila Roze ,&nbsp;Rebecca Shay ,&nbsp;Tara Watkins ,&nbsp;Frances Trail","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereal crops, causing severe reduction in yield and quality of grain worldwide. In the United States, the major causal agent of FHB is the mycotoxigenic fungus, <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>. The contamination of grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, is a particularly serious concern due to its impact on the health of humans and livestock. For the past few decades, multidisciplinary studies have been conducted on management strategies designed to reduce the losses caused by FHB. However, effective management is still challenging due to the emergence of fungicide-tolerant strains of <em>F. graminearum</em> and the lack of highly resistant wheat and barley cultivars. This review presents multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate advances in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle for management of FHB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reference transcriptome for walnut anthracnose pathogen, Ophiognomonia leptostyla, guides the discovery of candidate virulence genes","authors":"Fatemeh Khelghatibana ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah ,&nbsp;Naser Safaie ,&nbsp;Ahmad Sobhani ,&nbsp;Somayeh Shams ,&nbsp;Ehsan Sari","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the economic losses due to the walnut anthracnose<em>, Ophiognomonia leptostyla</em> is an orphan fungus with respect to genomic resources. In the present study, the transcriptome of <em>O. leptostyla</em> was assembled for the first time. RNA sequencing was conducted for the fungal mycelia grown in a liquid media, and the inoculated leaf samples of walnut with the fungal conidia sampled at 48, 96 and 144 h post inoculation (hpi). The completeness, correctness, and contiguity of the <em>de novo</em> transcriptome assemblies generated with Trinity, Oases, SOAPdenovo-Trans and Bridger were compared to identify a single superior reference assembly. In most of the assessment criteria including N50, Transrate score, number of ORFs with known description in gene bank, the percentage of reads mapped back to the transcript (RMBT), BUSCO score, Swiss-Prot coverage bin and RESM-EVAL score, the Bridger assembly was the superior and thus used as a reference for profiling the <em>O. leptostyla</em> transcriptome in liquid media vs. during walnut infection. The k-means clustering of transcripts resulted in four distinct transcription patterns across the three sampling time points. Most of the detected CAZy transcripts had elevated transcription at 96 hpi that is hypothetically concurrent with the start of intracellular growth. The <em>in-silico</em> analysis revealed 103 candidate effectors of which six were members of Necrosis and Ethylene Inducing Like Protein (NLP) gene family belonging to three distinct k-means clusters. This study provided a complex and temporal pattern of the CAZys and candidate effectors transcription during six days post <em>O. leptostyla</em> inoculation on walnut leaves, introducing a list of candidate virulence genes for validation in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10283788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bcvic1 and Bcvic2 vegetative incompatibility genes in Botrytis cinerea encode proteins with domain architectures involved in allorecognition in other filamentous fungi","authors":"Saadiah Arshed ,&nbsp;Murray P. Cox ,&nbsp;Ross E. Beever ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Parkes ,&nbsp;Michael N. Pearson ,&nbsp;Joanna K. Bowen ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Templeton","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetative incompatibility is a fungal allorecognition system characterised by the inability of genetically distinct conspecific fungal strains to form a viable heterokaryon and is controlled by multiple polymorphic loci termed <em>vic</em> (<em>v</em>egetative <em>i</em>n<em>c</em>ompatibility) or <em>het</em> (<em>het</em>erokaryon incompatibility). We have genetically identified and characterised the first <em>vic</em> locus in the economically important, plant-pathogenic, necrotrophic fungus <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. A bulked segregant approach coupled with whole genome Illumina sequencing of near-isogenic lines of <em>B. cinerea</em> was used to map a <em>vic</em> locus to a 60-kb region of the genome. Within that locus, we identified two adjacent, highly polymorphic open reading frames, <em>Bcvic1</em> and <em>Bcvic2</em>, which encode predicted proteins that contain domain architectures implicated in vegetative incompatibility in other filamentous fungi. <em>Bcvic1</em> encodes a predicted protein containing a putative serine esterase domain, a NACHT family of NTPases domain, and several Ankyrin repeats. <em>Bcvic2</em> encodes a putative syntaxin protein containing a SNARE domain; such proteins typically function in vesicular transport. Deletion of <em>Bcvic1</em> and <em>Bcvic2</em> individually had no effect on vegetative incompatibility. However, deletion of the region containing both <em>Bcvic1</em> and <em>Bcvic2</em> resulted in mutant lines that were severely restricted in growth and showed loss of vegetative incompatibility. Complementation of these mutants by ectopic expression restored the growth and vegetative incompatibility phenotype, indicating that <em>Bcvic1</em> and <em>Bcvic2</em> are controlling vegetative incompatibility at this <em>vic</em> locus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 103827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10517355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}