Fungal Genetics and Biology最新文献

Compound mutagenesis boosts β-carotene biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: ATP synthase mutation and enzymes activities enhancement 复合诱变促进粗神经孢子虫β-胡萝卜素生物合成：ATP合酶突变及酶活性增强。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104040

Yue He , Qian Huang , Qingyang Lyu , Gaosheng Ji , Xinhui Wang , Zhiying Yan , Yijie Zhang , Xin Li , Xueping Tian

{"title":"Compound mutagenesis boosts β-carotene biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: ATP synthase mutation and enzymes activities enhancement","authors":"Yue He , Qian Huang , Qingyang Lyu , Gaosheng Ji , Xinhui Wang , Zhiying Yan , Yijie Zhang , Xin Li , Xueping Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Neurospora crassa</em> is a kind of biosafe fungus capable of synthesizing β-carotene from diverse feedstocks. However, the yield is constrained by the capacity of <em>N. crassa</em> strain. To improve the β-carotene synthesis ability, ultraviolet (UV), chemical (diethyl sulfate), and heavy ion beam were integratively employed in this study to breed <em>N. crassa</em> strain with high β-carotene producing performance. A mutant <em>N. crassa</em> strain exhibited 112.02 μg/g of β-carotene yield after 3 days fermentation, which was 325.5 % higher than initial strain. Subsequently, the key genes and metabolic pathways involved in β-carotene synthesis and substrates utilization was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing, and the results revealed that a synonymous nucleotide mutation on the ATPeV1A gene altered the RNA structure of ATP synthase and increased the ATP content. In addition, the significantly higher activities of protease, cellulase, and xylanase were observed in the mutant strain, further explained the speculation of high β-carotene yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasticity in initial infection traits in response to high temperature for worldwide representative Puccinia striiformis isolates 全球代表性纹状锈菌分离株初始侵染性状对高温响应的可塑性。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104039

Sajid Ali , Marc Leconte , Mogens S. Hovmøller , Jérôme Enjalbert , Claude de Vallavieille-Pope

{"title":"Plasticity in initial infection traits in response to high temperature for worldwide representative Puccinia striiformis isolates","authors":"Sajid Ali , Marc Leconte , Mogens S. Hovmøller , Jérôme Enjalbert , Claude de Vallavieille-Pope","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited knowledge is available regarding pathogen adaptation to environmental conditions, despite its importance to disease epidemiology. Wheat yellow rust, caused by the pathogen <em>Puccinia striiformis</em> offers an interesting case study, as the disease was so far considered limited to cool and humid climate, till the report of significant crop losses due to emergence of high temperature adapted lineages. We investigated the variability in temperature response in relationship with their genetic structure for 56 <em>P. striiformis</em> worldwide representative isolates including two isolates from the high temperature adapted strains <em>PstS1/S</em>2. High temperature adaptation was assessed through urediospore germination rate (GR) at 8 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C, and relative infection efficiency (RIE) measured at 20 °C, using two independent replicates of the experiments. Phylogenetic relations between isolates were based on 17 informative SSR markers, coinciding strongly with their geographical sampling origin. Variability was assessed considering populations (defined by sampling areas), where isolates from the pathogen centre of diversity in Himalayan region (Nepal and Pakistan) revealed adaptation to high temperatures in terms of germination rate and RIE, even higher than the reference <em>PstS1/S2</em> isolates, in comparison to isolates originating from cooler areas. The presence of high-temperature adapted isolates in genetically diverse populations of Asia (Nepal, Middle-East and Pakistan) represented an adaptation to local climate, where high temperature tolerance was correlated to the temperature of the sampling locations. Middle-East also represented variability for temperature responses. Following the genetic variability and plasticity of plant pathogens in reaction norm to temperature is therefore critical to forecast future epidemics in a global warming context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nitric oxide reductase is a key enzyme target for eliminating fungal emissions of nitrous oxide 一氧化氮还原酶是消除真菌排放的氧化亚氮的关键酶目标。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104038

Blake A. Oakley , Trevor R. Mitchell , Quentin D. Read , Garrett T. Hibbs , Thomas T. Baldwin , Larry J. Pierce , Scott E. Gold , Anthony E. Glenn

{"title":"A nitric oxide reductase is a key enzyme target for eliminating fungal emissions of nitrous oxide","authors":"Blake A. Oakley , Trevor R. Mitchell , Quentin D. Read , Garrett T. Hibbs , Thomas T. Baldwin , Larry J. Pierce , Scott E. Gold , Anthony E. Glenn","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) derived from agricultural activity is a major contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applied at high levels, particularly combined with heavy rainfall events, generates hot spots of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in agricultural fields due to the process of microbial denitrification. Here, a key conserved fungal denitrification enzyme necessary for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions was identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that fungal <em>NOR1</em>-like genes, with rare exceptions, are highly conserved and confined to the phylum Ascomycota. Plant pathogenic <em>Fusarium</em> species that possess <em>NOR1</em> exhibited drastic differences in N<sub>2</sub>O production based on denitrification potential. Functional characterization of the p450nor nitric oxide reductase encoding gene, <em>NOR1</em>, in the soil-borne denitrifying maize pathogen, <em>Fusarium verticillioides,</em> showed that this enzyme is critical for fungal N<sub>2</sub>O production. Deletion of the single copy <em>NOR1</em> gene in <em>F. verticillioides</em> eliminated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Complementation of deletion mutants via the <em>NOR1</em> gene add-back restored wild type N<sub>2</sub>O emission levels and segregation analysis further corroborated the pivotal role of <em>NOR1</em> for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. We suggest targeting of the NOR1 enzyme as an effective strategy to reduce fungal-based N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetics of avirulence and interacting inhibitors in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici 小麦纹状锈菌的毒力及相互作用抑制剂的遗传。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104037

My Livbjerg , Julian Rodriguez-Algaba , James K.M. Brown , Chris K. Sørensen , Mogens Hovmøller , Annemarie Fejer Justesen

{"title":"Genetics of avirulence and interacting inhibitors in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici","authors":"My Livbjerg , Julian Rodriguez-Algaba , James K.M. Brown , Chris K. Sørensen , Mogens Hovmøller , Annemarie Fejer Justesen","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The segregation of molecular markers and avirulence was investigated in three progeny populations of <em>Puccinia striiformis</em> f. sp. <em>tritici</em> (<em>Pst</em>)<em>,</em> derived from selfing of the three European isolates DK09_11(PstS7), DK02d_12 (PstS8) and DK219_19 (PstS15). Progeny isolates were genotyped using 19 Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and phenotyped for avirulence on a differential set of 34 wheat lines including at least two independent lines per <em>Yr</em>-gene considered. All three progeny populations were virulent to most of the tested <em>Yr</em>-genes and were largely homozygous for either virulence or avirulence. Segregation was observed for avirulence to <em>Yr4</em>, <em>YrSp, Yr8</em> and a resistance specificity in Avocet S (<em>AvS)</em>. In one population (DK219_19, PstS15), segregation ratios indicated that avirulence to <em>Yr4</em> was a dominant trait controlled by a single gene. For <em>YrSp,</em> the observed ratios were consistent with both 13:3 and 3:1 (avirulence: virulence) suggesting that avirulence was a dominant trait, potentially controlled by either one or two interacting genes. In another population (DK02d_12, PstS8), most progeny isolates were virulent to <em>Yr8</em> and <em>AvS,</em> and segregation ratios were consistent with both 1:3 and 3:13, suggesting the presence of dominant inhibition of avirulence or alternatively, avirulence being a recessive trait controlled by either one or two genes. The third population (DK09_11, PstS7) showed no segregation at known avirulence loci, indicating that these were homozygous either for avirulence or virulence to each <em>Yr</em>-gene tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One hundred years of the Spitzenkörper: A story in three acts 百年spitzenkörper：三幕故事。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104036

Samantha V. González Téllez , Robert W. Roberson , Meritxell Riquelme

引用次数: 0

The world of hyphae 第1章。菌丝的世界。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104033

Salomón Bartnicki-García

{"title":"The world of hyphae","authors":"Salomón Bartnicki-García","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes the hyphal features that have allowed fungi to conquer nature so extensively and so ubiquitously. Fungi became champions of nutrition via absorption by developing hyphae with an efficient growth mechanism that combined rapid cell wall construction with secretion of digestive enzymes. Hyphae are long cylindrical cells growing at one end, the apex. Their cell walls are made by the combination of microfibrillar polymers (usually chitin) embedded in amorphous polysaccharides (usually β-1,3 glucans). Their high growth rate is supported by an efficient vesiclebased secretory apparatus, whose ultimate goal is to maintain a rapid flow of cell-wall building materials and digestive enzymes to the hyphal apex. The unique hyphoid morphology of a hypha can be described by a simple mathematic equation generated by a moving supply center emitting wall-building vesicles in all directions. The Spitzenkörper is proposed to function as a vesicle supply center that generates the characteristic cell wall of a hypha and also guides hyphal growth direction. Fungal organisms with completely different evolutionary origins, the cellulosic Oomycetes and the more numerous chitinous fungi, both develop hyphae and mycelia to insure efficient growth. Hyphae are thus the basis for the success of fungi in Nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Putative transcription factor Nrg1 is involved in the hyphal branching and the cell wall structure formation in the filamentous fungus Pleurotus ostreatus 据推测，转录因子Nrg1参与了丝状真菌平菇菌丝分支和细胞壁结构的形成。

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104026

Saori Endo , Moriyuki Kawauchi , Yuitsu Otsuka , Junxian Han , Kenya Tsuji , Akira Yoshimi , Chihiro Tanaka , Shigekazu Yano , Takehito Nakazawa , Yoichi Honda

{"title":"Putative transcription factor Nrg1 is involved in the hyphal branching and the cell wall structure formation in the filamentous fungus Pleurotus ostreatus","authors":"Saori Endo , Moriyuki Kawauchi , Yuitsu Otsuka , Junxian Han , Kenya Tsuji , Akira Yoshimi , Chihiro Tanaka , Shigekazu Yano , Takehito Nakazawa , Yoichi Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nrg1 is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that functions in various cellular processes related to environmental responses and cell wall synthesis in yeast. The present study investigated the function of Nrg1 in filamentous development in the white-rot fungus <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> for the first time. The Δ<em>nrg1</em> strains exhibited a higher frequency and larger angles of hyphal branching than the wild-type strain, suggesting <em>nrg1</em> is essential to hyphal branching regulation. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated no significant change in cell wall thickness; however, the black layer on the cell wall surface, thought to be composed of proteins, including hydrophobins, was reduced. The reduced hydrophobin gene expression and hyphal hydrophobicity corroborate these observations. The <em>nrg1</em> disruption resulted in decreased levels of α-glucan and β-glucan content in the cell wall and the expression levels of their synthase genes. Fluorescent microscopy using protein probes for cell wall surface polysaccharides also suggested that in the Δ<em>nrg1</em> strains, there was an abnormal localization of chitin and β-glucan. In contrast, the fluorescent signals due to α-glucan and mannan were increased. These data demonstrate that Nrg1 is involved in the cell wall surface and structure formation via the gene expression of hydrophobin and polysaccharide synthases. This study provides the first evidence of the role of Nrg1 in filamentous fungi, especially in hyphal branching. It provides a clue toward a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms regulating cell wall synthesis in white-rot fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Duplicating the mold: Branching of fungal hyphae 复制霉菌：真菌菌丝的分支

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104025

Steven D. Harris

引用次数: 0

Machine learning driven semi-automated framework for yeast sporulation efficiency quantification using ilastik segmentation and Fiji nuclear enumeration 机器学习驱动的半自动化框架酵母产孢效率量化使用ilastik分割和斐济核枚举

IF 2.3 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104024

Xuan Shang , Zhenwei Yang , Guanzu Peng , Yawen Wu , Fei Dou , Jin Liu , Wanjie Li

{"title":"Machine learning driven semi-automated framework for yeast sporulation efficiency quantification using ilastik segmentation and Fiji nuclear enumeration","authors":"Xuan Shang , Zhenwei Yang , Guanzu Peng , Yawen Wu , Fei Dou , Jin Liu , Wanjie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate quantification of yeast sporulation efficiency is essential for genetic studies, but manual counting remains time-consuming and susceptible to subjective bias. Although deep learning tools like cellpose provide automated solutions, there exists a compelling need for alternative approaches that enable the quantification of spores. Our methodology employs ilastik's texture-feature optimization to reliably segment sporulating mother cells, intentionally avoiding explicit tetrad discrimination to ensure robustness across diverse spore morphologies. Subsequent Fiji-based image processing employs optimized algorithms for accurate spore quantification within cellular boundaries, facilitating automated batch classification of dyads, triads, and tetrads. Quantitative validation demonstrates our pipeline maintains strong concordance with manual counting (93.4 % agreement, ICC = 0.94) alongside a 68 % reduction in processing time (<em>P</em> < 0.001). The pipeline's reliability was further verified in Hsp82 phosphorylation mutants, consistently enables quantification of sporulation efficiency across genetic backgrounds. To balance throughput and precision, our workflow intentionally combines automated image processing (ilastik segmentation, Fiji quantification) with manual quality control checkpoints (segmentation validation). This modular pipeline allows adjustable segmentation parameters, compatibility with alternative nuclear markers, and batch processing of diverse imaging datasets. By combining accessibility with precision, our method provides laboratories a reproducible alternative to fully manual counting while maintaining compatibility with standard microscopy setups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of exogenous addition of metformin hydrochloride on lipid synthesis in Mucor circinelloides WJ11 外源添加二甲双胍对环毛霉WJ11脂质合成的影响。

IF 2.4 3区生物学

Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104023

Xinai Liu , Xiuwen Wang , Yueping Yang , Kang Li , Wenrong Liu , Qing Liu , Yuanda Song

{"title":"The effect of exogenous addition of metformin hydrochloride on lipid synthesis in Mucor circinelloides WJ11","authors":"Xinai Liu , Xiuwen Wang , Yueping Yang , Kang Li , Wenrong Liu , Qing Liu , Yuanda Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a well-established oleaginous model fungus, <em>Mucor circinelloides</em> has been extensively employed in lipid metabolism research due to its high lipid accumulation capacity and genetic tractability. Metformin hydrochloride, a biguanide drug, exerts significant effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in animal model, however, its effect on lipid metabolism in oleaginous microorganism is unclear. This investigation elucidates the regulatory effects of metformin hydrochloride on lipid biosynthesis in the model oleaginous fungus <em>M. circinelloides</em>. The findings revealed that metformin hydrochloride suppresses fatty acid biosynthesis in <em>M. circinelloides</em>. Addition of 4 g/L metformin hydrochloride to the growth medium of the fungus reduced the total fatty acid content from 29.57 % to 23.27 %, representing a decrease of 21.30 %. Furthermore, metformin hydrochloride significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of <em>AMPK</em> subunits (such as Snf-α1, Snf-γ1, and Snf-γ3) while suppressing the expression of key genes involved in lipid synthesis, including <em>acl</em>, <em>acc1</em>, and <em>acc2</em>. Our enzymatic assays revealed that metformin hydrochloride treatment markedly inhibited ACC and 6PGDH activities, thereby restricting the availability of both acetyl-CoA precursors and NADPH reducing equivalents required for lipid biosynthesis. This study provided evidence supporting the relationship between metformin hydrochloride and lipid synthesis and validated metformin hydrochloride as a targeted drug for inhibiting lipid synthesis in <em>M. circinelloides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55135,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Genetics and Biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0