Health Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Do tailored infographics increase flu shot intentions in hesitant individuals?","authors":"Mitchell A M Matthijssen, Florian van Leeuwen, Mariëlle Cloin, Ien van de Goor, Peter Achterberg","doi":"10.1037/hea0001582","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Interventions to lower vaccine hesitancy often have positive effects among people who hold a favorable attitude toward vaccination and more mixed effects among vaccine-hesitant people. One possible explanation is that the intervention is typically a generic intervention that is not tailored to the specific reason why a person is hesitant toward vaccination. The attitude-roots model proposes that interventions are more likely to be successful when tailored to the particular underlying cause or reason for people's opposition to vaccination. In this study, we tested this proposition by assessing whether a tailored information intervention is effective in increasing flu shot intentions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 1,021) rated 66 vaccination statements, reported their flu shot intentions at two time points, and were presented with either a tailored infographic, a generic infographic, or no infographic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flu shot intentions increased significantly after people were presented with a tailored infographic that was relevant to their underlying antivaccination motivation, but this increase was not significantly greater than the increase observed among participants who were presented with the generic infographic or no infographic. Explorative analysis showed that tailoring might be more effective for some motivations (e.g., unwarranted beliefs) and not effective for others (e.g., religion).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our findings showed mixed support for the effectiveness of a tailored approach to increase flu shot intentions. This suggests that more research is needed to determine if and how tailored information interventions are a viable strategy to reduce flu shot hesitancy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"796-805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait self-control and health behavior: Meta-analysis and test of a mediational model.","authors":"Martin S Hagger, Sabryna V Sas, Jessica Balla, Thaís Zanatta Benoit, Rabia Majeed, Pierpaolo Primoceri, Stephanie R Smith, Kyra Hamilton","doi":"10.1037/hea0001588","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pervasive evidence supports consistent associations between trait self-control and health behavior, yet few studies have tested the underlying mechanisms. We leveraged meta-analytically synthesized data from the extant research to test a mediational model specifying indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior mediated by social cognition theory constructs and intention as a candidate mechanism. We also tested the effects of moderators on model effects: behavior control process (impulsive vs. reflective), behavior type, trait self-control and behavior measure type, and measurement lag.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Studies reporting relations among trait self-control, social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control), intention, and health behavior were identified in a systematic database search. Our proposed model was fit to the pooled correlation matrix among these variables using multilevel meta-analytic structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings supported model predictions including indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior directed through attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intentions, and a residual direct effect indicating partial mediation. Moderator analysis revealed larger direct and indirect trait self-control-health behavior effects in studies targeting behaviors under impulsive process control relative to those under reflective control. Analyses of behavior type, behavior and self-control measure type, and measurement lag moderators did not reveal systematic variation in model effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings provide preliminary support for the model signaling a candidate mechanism for trait self-control-health behavior relations and providing prior effect size and variability estimates that could be expected in future studies. Impulse-related behaviors represent a key moderating condition that magnifies trait self-control-behavior effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"713-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which coping classifications-problem versus emotion or engaged versus disengaged-best predict psychological distress in individuals with cardiac diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wafaa Sowan, Sabaa Masarwe, Romain Jammal Aboud, Nosaiba Rayan-Gharra, Svetlana Baziliansky, Andrianov Konstantin, Liza Grosman-Rimon","doi":"10.1037/hea0001581","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically synthesized evidence on the associations between coping strategies and psychological distress, specifically anxiety and depression, among individuals with cardiac diseases. It further assessed whether coping classifications based on engagement (engaged vs. disengaged) or focus (problem- vs. emotion-focused) better predicted emotional distress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nineteen eligible studies were analyzed using a three-level meta-analytic model. Effect sizes were grouped by coping strategy and outcome, and moderator analyses tested the influence of publication year and correlation type (bivariate vs. partial).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disengaged coping was moderately to strongly associated with anxiety (<i>r</i> = .39) and a moderate association with depression (<i>r</i> = .34). Emotion-focused coping was moderately associated with anxiety (<i>r</i> = .32) and weaker links with depression (<i>r</i> = .22). Engaged coping showed a small but significant association with anxiety (<i>r</i> = .17); other associations with engaged and problem-focused coping were nonsignificant. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies. Year of publication moderated the link between problem-focused coping and depression: Studies published before 2007 showed a positive association (<i>r</i> = .20), whereas those published after 2007 showed a negative one (<i>r</i> = -.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disengaged and emotion-focused coping strategies were consistently associated with greater psychological distress among cardiac patients. In contrast, engaged and problem-focused strategies had weaker and more variable associations. Overall, the engaged-disengaged classification was a better predictor of emotional distress in this population. Findings emphasize the need to target maladaptive coping in interventions for individuals with cardiac diseases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"786-795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial correlates of condom use among Black adolescents in the United States: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Jordyn McCrimmon, Laura Widman, Anne J Maheux, Julia Brasileiro, Reina Evans-Paulson, Aaron Lankster, Claire D Stout, Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Seth M Noar","doi":"10.1037/hea0001593","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review and meta-analyze correlates of condom use among Black adolescents and assess the moderating roles of gender and age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and February 2024 using <i>Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO</i>, and <i>Communication Source</i> databases. Studies were included if they sampled adolescents from the United States, included an adolescent report of condom use behavior and one of 36 correlates of interest, included a bivariate statistical association between a correlate and condom use, were in English, and at least 90% of participants self-identified as Black. Data extracted included sample size, participant demographics, research design, and condom use measurement characteristics. Correlation coefficients and 95% CI were computed, and random effects meta-analyses were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two studies with 47 independent samples were included (16,740 adolescents; weighted mean age = 16.16). Nine correlates were significantly associated with condom use. Condom communication with a partner had the largest mean effect size (<i>r</i> = .42, 95% CI; .13-.65; <i>p</i> = .006), followed by condom use intentions (<i>r</i> = .32, 95% CI; .21-.43; <i>p</i> ≤ .001). Although 61% of effects were heterogeneous, we were only able to examine moderation by age for two correlates (i.e., gender, substance use/abuse) due to a lack of studies. Moderation analyses were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified the strongest correlates of condom use among Black adolescents and highlighted notable gaps in previous research. Results can be used to guide future work with this population, including the development of sexual health interventions tailored for Black adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"773-785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do routinized eating behaviors support weight loss? An examination of food logs from behavioral weight loss participants.","authors":"Charlotte J Hagerman, Asher E Hong, Nicole T Crane, Meghan L Butryn, Evan M Forman","doi":"10.1037/hea0001591","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Weight loss requires constant effortful decision-making. Following a more routine (vs. varied) diet may allow healthy choices to become more habitual, that is, automatic. The current study examined whether routinized eating patterns predicted success for 112 participants in a behavioral weight loss program.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using daily food logs from the first 12 weeks of the program, we examined whether <i>caloric stability</i> (daily calorie fluctuations and weekday-weekend fluctuations) and <i>dietary repetition</i> (percentage of unique foods tracked and percentage of foods logged 10+ times) predicted 12-week weight loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater dietary repetition (both metrics) and more daily calorie stability were associated with higher weight loss. However, contrary to hypotheses, participants with higher weekend-weekday deviations also had greater weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, findings suggest that more routinized eating patterns during a weight loss attempt may facilitate success. Future work should confirm these findings with experimental manipulations and identify potential mechanisms of action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"806-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer racial representation at school, social experiences, and inflammation among Black adolescents.","authors":"Letian Huang, Edith Chen, Robin Hayen, Jungwon Kim, Veronica Passarelli, Phoebe H Lam","doi":"10.1037/hea0001624","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the United States, Black adults experience higher rates of chronic diseases compared with White adults. Low-grade inflammation is considered a key biological pathway underlying these disparities, and Black-White differences in inflammation have been observed as early as adolescence. However, the psychosocial predictors of low-grade inflammation for Black adolescents remain incompletely understood, with few studies examining how broader school-level factors shape psychosocial experiences that may contribute to low-grade inflammation. This longitudinal study examined (a) whether Black adolescents attending schools with a lower (vs. higher) proportion of Black students would experience greater discrimination and loneliness and (b) whether discrimination and loneliness, in turn, predicted low-grade inflammation 1 year later.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 306 Black adolescents (64% female, <i>M</i>_age = 17.6, range = 14-19) completed measures of discrimination and loneliness and provided blood samples to assess low-grade inflammation markers at baseline and 1 year later. School racial composition was obtained from the Department of Education databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that attending schools with a lower proportion of Black students was associated with more discrimination (ß = -.15) but not loneliness (ß = -.01). In turn, discrimination and, less robustly, loneliness independently predicted prospective increases in low-grade inflammation over 1 year (ßs = .14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that, for Black adolescents, the racial composition of school environments may indirectly contribute to early disease risk by shaping their psychosocial experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of basal reproduction hormone status with the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: The moderating effect of psychological factors.","authors":"Xinyu Zhou, Tao Yin, Qian Li, Yunxia Cao, Chunmei Liang","doi":"10.1037/hea0001619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether psychological factors moderate the association between baseline reproductive hormone levels and oocyte retrieval outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a cohort study involving 1,379 infertile women recruited from the Reproductive Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April 2017 to December 2020. Psychological status was assessed using validated scales, and baseline hormone levels were measured on the 2nd or 3rd day of menstruation. Oocyte retrieval outcomes, including total antral follicle count (measured after ovarian stimulation), retrieved oocytes, and metaphase II oocytes, were evaluated postovarian stimulation. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the moderating effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 703 women who completed their first controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles were included in the final analysis. Psychological factors significantly moderated the relationship between baseline follicle-stimulating hormone levels and oocyte retrieval outcomes based on the manifest variable models, especially for stress, suggesting that stress exacerbates the adverse effects of high baseline follicle-stimulating hormone levels on ovarian response, although these infertile women have underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Meanwhile, higher levels of psychological scores still amplified the negative impact of abnormal baseline reproductive hormone levels on the total antral follicle count, retrieved oocytes, and metaphase II oocytes based on the latent variable models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological factors, especially stress, play a significant moderating role in the relationship between baseline hormone levels and oocyte retrieval outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of psychological interventions to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality moderates immunological and functional consequences of caregiver burden.","authors":"Kelly N Brice, Daniel L Argueta, Vincent D Lai, Jensine Paoletti-Hatcher, E Lydia Wu-Chung, Brenda Zarazúa-Osorio, Bryan T Denny, Charles Green, Luis D Medina, Paul Schulz, Jennifer Stinson, Samantha K Henry, Cobi Heijnen, Christopher P Fagundes","doi":"10.1037/hea0001622","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia spousal caregiving is a chronic stressor and confers increased risk for adverse physical health outcomes, although not all caregivers are equally affected. Personality traits may shape how individuals respond to caregiving-related stressors, influencing vulnerability or resilience to health risks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined whether personality traits moderate the effects of caregiver burden on different markers of physical health in dementia spousal caregivers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 219 caregivers provided blood samples and completed self-reported measures of caregiver burden, personality, and physical functioning. We measured inflammation via ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole-blood leukocyte cytokine production. Multiple linear regression models tested each personality trait as a moderator of associations between caregiver burden and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower levels of agreeableness and higher levels of neuroticism moderated effects of caregiver burden on poorer physical functioning and elevated LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production. Lower levels of conscientiousness also amplified the relationship between caregiver burden and proinflammatory reactivity. In addition, higher levels of extraversion were associated with lower levels of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, and higher levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were associated with better physical functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that personality traits may confer differential susceptibility to the physiological and functional consequences of caregiving stress. Identifying personality-related risk and resilience factors may help inform tailored interventions to reduce health risks and promote health and well-being among dementia spousal caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac event-induced PTSD symptoms and continuous heart rate in coronary artery disease patients.","authors":"Maia Ten Brink, Joseph E Schwartz, Talea Cornelius, Ian M Kronish, Ari Shechter, Keith M Diaz, Alexandra Miecznikowski, Sung A J Lee, Gabriel J Sanchez, Redeana C Umland, Gaspar J Cruz, Marthina A Correa Hernandez, Maria-Jose Lopez-Sanchez, Richard P Sloan, Sachin Agarwal, Jeffrey L Birk","doi":"10.1037/hea0001586","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) impact ∼13% of coronary artery disease patients after acute cardiac events and may increase the risk of recurrent events through elevated heart rate (HR), driven by high sympathetic nervous system activity. We investigated whether PSS assessed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental</i> <i>Disorders-5</i> (PCL-5) are associated with elevated ambulatory HR in recently discharged cardiac patients, independent of PSS-linked health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 116; 34.4% women, 74% Hispanic, <i>M</i>_age = 61 years) with elevated (PCL-5 ≥ 20, <i>n</i> = 42) or nonelevated (PCL-5 ≤ 5, <i>n</i> = 74) PSS wore 24-hr electrocardiography monitors and wrist actigraphy for 2 weeks, with beta-blocker adherence electronically tracked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the elevated PSS group's mean HR was not significantly higher (3.50 beats per minute, <i>p</i> = .10), each 10-point increase in continuous PSS was significantly associated with 1.6 beats per minute higher HR, <i>p</i> = .009. This effect remained after adjusting for diurnal HR variation, age, sex, cardiac risk score, medical comorbidities, and three objectively estimated, PSS-linked health behaviors relevant to HR-physical activity, sleep episode length, and beta-blocker adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest the potential value of targeting postcardiac event PSS to mitigate chronic sympathetic arousal. The use of intensive monitoring and high-resolution behavioral data strengthens the evidence for a physiological pathway linking psychological distress to elevated HR in cardiac patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"689-701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12922505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wellbeing trajectories and dementia risk among Mexican-origin adults living in the U.S.","authors":"Emily C Willroth, Olivia E Atherton, Angelina R Sutin, Richard W Robins","doi":"10.1037/hea0001570","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hea0001570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Higher well-being is consistently associated with better cognitive health. However, little is known about how long-term trajectories of well-being are associated with cognitive health or modifiable dementia risk factors, particularly among populations at high risk for dementia. The current study addressed these open questions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The California Families Project, a 14-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults living in the United States (<i>N</i> = 1,240), was used to estimate long-term trajectories of life satisfaction and optimism and whether the level and/or slope of each factor was associated with later cognitive health (i.e., cognitive function and impairment status, and self- and informant-rated memory) and modifiable dementia risk factors (i.e., hearing loss, hypertension, higher body weight, smoking, depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, diabetes, alcohol use, poor sleep quality, inadequate or excessive sleep, inadequate health insurance, and poor self-rated health).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher life satisfaction level was associated with better self- and informant-rated memory. More positive life satisfaction change was associated with better self-rated memory only. Higher optimism level was associated with better cognitive function, better self-rated memory, and better informant-rated memory. More positive optimism slope was associated with better cognitive function. Life satisfaction and optimism levels and change were also associated with several modifiable dementia risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term trajectories of well-being are associated with later levels of cognitive health and modifiable dementia risk factors in Mexican-origin adults living in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55066,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"631-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}