Omar Kherif, Stephen Robson, Salah Mousa, Noureddine Harid, Huw Griffiths, David Thorpe, Abderrahmane Haddad
{"title":"Toward Enhancing Soil Resistivity Measurement and Modelling for Limited Interelectrode Spacing","authors":"Omar Kherif, Stephen Robson, Salah Mousa, Noureddine Harid, Huw Griffiths, David Thorpe, Abderrahmane Haddad","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3514772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3514772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response of Metal-Oxide Varistors Excited by Consecutive Early-Time and Intermediate-Time HEMP Conducted Currents","authors":"Dao-zhong Zhang;Yan-zhao Xie;Yi Zhou;Yun-peng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3514685","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3514685","url":null,"abstract":"High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) can be divided into three parts: 1) early-time HEMP (E1); 2) intermediate-time HEMP (E2); and 3) late-time HEMP (E3). Most studies focus on E1 alone, as E2 and E3 pose lower peak value, especially E2, which is considered less severe than lightning. However, E2 coexists with E1 and affects victim equipment simultaneously, which may result in different effects than E1 or E2 alone. As the most widely used surge protection device, the behavior of metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) under the consecutive E1 and E2 should be investigated and compared with those under E1 or E2 alone. Based on a pulse current injection platform, the voltage, current, susceptibility, and nonuniformity behavior of two types of MOVs under the separate E1, E2, and consecutive E1 and E2 disturbances are investigated and compared. The peak residual voltages of the MOV samples under consecutive E1 and E2 disturbances reach 15 kV, which is the same as that under the E1 disturbance and much higher than that under the E2 disturbance (1.5 kV). The MOV samples are more sensitive to the consecutive E1 and E2 disturbance, particularly those with a higher nonuniformity. Finally, the response process is discussed based on the microstructural nonuniformity of MOVs.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenfu Fu;Stanislav Stefanov Zhekov;Carla Di Paola;Sailing He;Bo Xu
{"title":"Practice and Evaluation for Ceiling-Mounted MIMO Indoor Base Stations With Antenna Optimization and SAR Touch Compliance","authors":"Wenfu Fu;Stanislav Stefanov Zhekov;Carla Di Paola;Sailing He;Bo Xu","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3511700","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3511700","url":null,"abstract":"Antenna design for indoor base stations (BSs) needs to consider various requirements to maximize the performance of the entire system in complicated environments. In this article, antenna design and performance evaluation are conducted from a holistic perspective using a modified multiplexing efficiency. This metric considers power constraints due to electromagnetic field exposure compliance and indoor channel environments for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems. In the case study, using the reference monopole antenna, the accepted power needs to be reduced from 0.5 to 0.28 W to achieve specific absorption rate (SAR) touch compliance, resulting in a reduction in the modified multiplexing efficiency. The improved monopole antenna design can meet SAR touch compliance with an accepted power of 0.5 W by altering the electric current distribution on the monopole and ground plane. The system performance evaluated using the modified multiplexing efficiency is therefore improved by approximately 2.4 dB in the indoor environment for an indoor BS with four antennas. This holistic antenna design and evaluation process provides a valuable basis for comparing and optimizing MIMO antenna systems while considering SAR touch compliance and deployment scenarios for indoor BSs.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive Intermodulation Model Based on Conductors Cross-Section for Printed Transmission Line","authors":"Mingtai Li, Tuanjie Li","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3511254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3511254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Wan, Arun D. Khilnani, Xinglong Wu, Xiaokang Liu, Sergio A. Pignari, David W. P. Thomas, Mark Sumner, Flavia Grassi
{"title":"Design of an LISN for Low-Frequency Conducted Emissions Measurement","authors":"Lu Wan, Arun D. Khilnani, Xinglong Wu, Xiaokang Liu, Sergio A. Pignari, David W. P. Thomas, Mark Sumner, Flavia Grassi","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3510390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3510390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MIMO Performance and Uncertainty Analysis in a Reverberation Chamber With Phase Stirring","authors":"Yifan Wang;Hanzhi Ma;Gangzha Liu;Er-Ping Li","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3507287","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3507287","url":null,"abstract":"Source-stirred reverberation chamber (SSRC) is a typical type of reverberation chambers (RCs) that can produce an electromagnetic environment suitable for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing without a mechanical stirrer. This article proposes an SSRC based on phased array antennas, which achieves stirring by changing the phase difference, helping to improve test efficiency and reduce costs. The stirring effects and the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) performance of SSRC is investigated, with a focus on the measurement and uncertainty analysis of the Rician <italic>K</i>-factor. The results demonstrate that the phase stirring method can achieve sufficient stirring. Moreover, four sample selection methods are employed to evaluate the measurement uncertainty. It is found that the correlation matrix method yielding the smallest relative uncertainty among them, approximately 1.2<inline-formula><tex-math>$%$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 10 GHz. Through a uniformity and MIMO performance test, this article demonstrates the potential of phase stirring technology in EMC and MIMO over-the-air testing, providing a significant option for improving efficiency and reducing costs.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Nobert;Nicolas G. Constantin;Yves Blaquière
{"title":"GHz-Range Modeling of Power Integrity in an Array of Simultaneously Switching Power Converters","authors":"Gabriel Nobert;Nicolas G. Constantin;Yves Blaquière","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3509375","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3509375","url":null,"abstract":"Power integrity issues and voltage fluctuations on power rails in emerging system-in-packages (SiP) that integrate switch-mode converters can impede the performances of embedded sensitive analog devices. Indeed, the progress of power device downsizing allows higher switching frequencies and shorter switching times, which create significant high-frequency switching noise in power rails. More specifically for converters that operate under a range of loading, gate driving and biasing conditions, a behavioral model is necessary in the context where simulation only is not sufficient for proper prediction of the power integrity characteristics of a system under that range of conditions. This article proposes a power integrity model and a characterization methodology to predict voltage fluctuations on the power rails in simultaneous switching conditions on an array of switch-mode converters integrated in SiP. Results show that for every condition studied in this work, accuracy better than 6 dB, aside from some limited discrete frequencies, is obtained between <inline-formula><tex-math>$0$</tex-math></inline-formula> and 1.9 <inline-formula><tex-math>$text{G}$</tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math>$text{Hz}$</tex-math></inline-formula> when the fluctuations caused by a single or multiple converters are measured. In terms of overall shape, for every condition studied both under simultaneous switching or not, the variance-normalized mean squared error is in a worst case of 0.624 and under numerous conditions better than 0.25.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"316-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Wei;Dan Shi;Chengyu Li;Yanchi Liu;Na Sun;Dan Xiao;Xingguo Jiang
{"title":"Intelligent Prediction Method for Radiation Emission of Printed Circuit Board by Using Deep Learning","authors":"Kai Wei;Dan Shi;Chengyu Li;Yanchi Liu;Na Sun;Dan Xiao;Xingguo Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3491822","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3491822","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a novel deep learning approach, utilizing a seq2seq model, to predict far-field radiation emissions (REs) in high-density, multilayer, and complex printed circuit boards (PCBs). To address the challenges of weak long-term dependencies and information ambiguity arising from excessively long network sequences in RE prediction for complex PCBs, our method begins by tokenizing and modeling each network combination. These combinations are then fed into the seq2seq model for training, supplemented with a multihead attention mechanism to enhance information connectivity. To validate the model's accuracy and efficiency, we compared our prediction results with those obtained from traditional full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Our approach significantly reduces the RE prediction time for the entire board from several hours to nearly one second. Moreover, the model exhibits high performance in RE prediction, with a mean absolute error of approximately 0.001 V/m. To verify the model's reliability, we applied the trained model to predict RE for brand-new entire boards and key networks, demonstrating its ability to accurately predict RE in previously unseen PCBs. Therefore, this method can be implemented for intelligent, full-automatic RE prediction in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 6","pages":"2027-2038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}