Luis D. Angulo;Jesper Lansink Rotgerink;Harmen Schippers;Alberto Gascon Bravo;Alejandro Muñoz Manterola
{"title":"Numerical Computation of Unshielded Multiwires In-Cell Parameters for Coupling Between FDTD and MTL Methods Using Multipolar Expansions","authors":"Luis D. Angulo;Jesper Lansink Rotgerink;Harmen Schippers;Alberto Gascon Bravo;Alejandro Muñoz Manterola","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3713195","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3713195","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a robust and efficient methodology to compute the per-unit-length in-cell inductance and capacitance matrices required to couple unshielded multiwire bundles to a 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solver within a multiconductor transmission line framework. The proposed approach numerically solves the 2-D electrostatic and magnetostatic Laplace problems in an inner region and represents the field in the outer region by a multipolar (MP) expansion whose coefficients are computed from the full numerical solution. This hybrid finite element method (FEM)–MP formulation decouples the in-cell parameters from the specific FDTD cell position and size, avoids repeated numerical computations when bundles cross many cells, and naturally accommodates dielectric insulation. The method is validated on three cases of increasing complexity: 1) a single insulated wire; 2) two bare wires; and 3) a realistic 31-conductor bundle. Results are compared against a pure FEM reference, a boundary element method implementation and Bérenger's center-based approximation. The proposed FEM(inner)+MP(outer) scheme matches the FEM reference with very small discrepancies. The study also shows that conductor interactions shift the effective expansion centers away from geometric centers and that electrostatic and magnetostatic centers differ in the presence of dielectrics, which are effects not captured by simplified previous analytic models.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1226-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11625738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Consistency-Aware Multitask Framework for Rapid Coupling Prediction in Aperture-Cavity Structures Under E1 HEMP Excitation","authors":"Ben Qi;Wenbin Wu;Hanyu Li;Haijing Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3715838","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3715838","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a unified, consistency-aware multitask surrogate for rapidly predicting probe-point coupling responses in aperture–cavity structures under E1 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) excitation. A parameterized two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) dataset is generated using a double-exponential E1 source over a structured design space defined by aperture width, aperture position, and effective polarization. A residual multilayer perceptron (ResMLP) learns the direct mapping from these parameters to the local probe waveform, peak electric field, total time-domain energy, and spectral band-energy ratio. Multitask learning jointly predicts waveforms and compact features, while waveform-to-feature consistency supervision ensures that scalar indicators remain physically aligned with the reconstructed transient response. Numerical results show that the model preserves dominant coupling trends and achieves high accuracy for both waveform and feature targets. Compared with repeated FDTD simulations, it reduces the average evaluation time from 20.25 s to 6.25 ms per sample, corresponding to a speedup of approximately 3,240×. The complete 2,800-sample dataset, including waveform reconstruction, is evaluated in 11.96 s, yielding an overall speedup of approximately 4,741×. The proposed method also outperforms polynomial ridge regression, RBF-kernel ridge regression, and nearest-neighbor interpolation in waveform accuracy while maintaining waveform–feature consistency. A controlled threedimensional extension incorporating cavity-depth and volume variations further confirms the transferability of the workflow beyond the two-dimensional benchmark. The framework therefore provides an efficient and physically meaningful tool for rapid screening, parametric sensitivity analysis, and early-stage electromagnetic compatibility assessment of aperture–cavity structures under transient excitation.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1213-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148755271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical Assessment of Radiated Emissions From Electrically Large Devices","authors":"Max Rosenthal;Jörg Petzold;Ralf Vick","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3708177","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3708177","url":null,"abstract":"Standardized test procedures for radiated emission measurements in anechoic chambers face challenges when applied to electrically large devices under test. The established maximum value method suffers from poor reproducibility and comparability due to undersampling of the highly inhomogeneous radiation patterns. This work proposes a robust statistical procedure based on the spatial root-mean-square value of the electric field strength to assess radiated emissions from electrically large unintentional radiators in anechoic chambers with fewer angular samples.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1156-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11611643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148476210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An EME-Reduced FlexRay Transmitter Architecture Employing a Common-Mode Feedback Control","authors":"Hamid Sadat Mansoury;Saeed Saeedi;Mojtaba Atarodi","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3699374","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3699374","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a FlexRay transmitter circuit topology is presented that surpasses stringent electromagnetic emission (EME) requirements in automotive applications. The proposed method, implemented in a 180 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, employs high-voltage devices in the output stage together with a common-mode (CM) feedback mechanism to effectively suppress CM emissions and to ensure robustness against ±40 V disturbances. An all-pass sensing circuit is introduced to maintain loop stability, and a detailed stability analysis is provided, relating circuit parameters to the loop behavior, including the unity-gain frequency and phase margin. Postlayout simulations confirm compliance with FlexRay specifications across process corners, supply-voltage, and temperature variations. Compared to previous works, substantial EME reduction is achieved, particularly in the MHz range, where excessive emissions can interfere with nearby nodes, even those operating under other baseband protocols.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1258-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward Optimal Mode Set Selection for Reconstructing Cavity Fields From Sparse Probes","authors":"Chandler B. Smith;Jon W. Wallace","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3709193","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3709193","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work demonstrated that a simple pseudoinverse estimator can be used to reconstruct cavity fields from sparse probe measurements in the fundamental and undermoded regimes (Wallace et al., 2026). That work is extended herein by developing an optimization framework for probe placement and frequency-dependent mode selection. We derive a noise-aware mean-squared error (MSE) objective that enables greedy mode selection and guides probe placement. Since MSE depends on the covariance of mode coefficients, a low complexity model is presented that captures the relative power of mode coefficients, based on knowledge of actual or possible slots on the cavity boundary and a numerical description of cavity modes. An iterative greedy algorithm is then proposed to jointly optimize probes and modes; when probe locations are fixed, the same framework reduces to a single greedy mode optimization step. Numerical and experimental results show that optimizing the mode sets substantially reduces reconstruction error, even for suboptimal probe placements.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1059-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Continuous Wave Interference Mechanism in Mobile Communication Equipment","authors":"Koh Watanabe;Ifong Wu;Yasushi Matsumoto;Makoto Nagata;Kaoru Gotoh","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3716254","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3716254","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present an experimental analysis of electromagnetic interference in mobile communication systems caused by unmodulated continuous wave (CW) noise. The CW noise model represents a harmonic component of a clock signal that is unintentionally radiated from digital circuits based on electromagnetic noise measurement. The effects of CW noise on mobile communication systems are evaluated through wired and wireless measurements using multiple commercial user equipment. The results indicate that interference characteristics caused by CW noise strongly depend on the relationship between the CW noise frequency and channel mapping of the communication system. Severe degradation occurs when CW noise interferes with reference signals, while a slight impact is observed when it aligns with the center of channels that allocate only data bits. These trends were consistently observed across all tested equipment. This finding clarifies conditions under which CW noise used to represent a harmonic component of clock signal radiated from digital circuits, leads to strong interference and provides practical insights to set an emission limit and design high-reliability mobile communication systems.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1085-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11646566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haifeng Hu;Xinglong Wu;Flavia Grassi;Sergio A. Pignari
{"title":"A Data-Efficient and Multiobjective Framework for Stitching via Optimization in PCB Layouts","authors":"Haifeng Hu;Xinglong Wu;Flavia Grassi;Sergio A. Pignari","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3711690","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3711690","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing stitching via placement to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) in complex electronic systems is a critical challenge. Although deep learning methods show promise, their practical application is often hindered by substantial data requirements and limited generalization capabilities. This article proposes a data-efficient, multiobjective optimization framework to address these limitations. We employ a data augmentation strategy to significantly reduce the reliance on computationally intensive full-wave simulations. The model's data efficiency is verified through ablation studies, and its generalization robustness is rigorously validated using leave-one-group-out cross-validation. The resulting high-performance convolutional neural network is then integrated as a surrogate fitness function within an evolutionary multiobjective algorithm. This hybrid approach enables the efficient generation of a complete Pareto-optimal front in a single run, revealing the tradeoff between EMI suppression and via count. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the optimization patterns revealed by the framework are consistent with underlying physical mechanisms, demonstrating clear physical insights. The proposed methodology offers an automated and robust pathway to achieving cost-effective electromagnetic compatibility in modern printed circuit board (PCB) designs.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1234-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Dynamic Range for Shielding Effectiveness Measurements Using Dual or Nested Reverberation Chamber","authors":"Hans Schipper;Frank Leferink","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3708247","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3708247","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the effect of a (maximally) reflective environment on the dynamic range (DR) of a reverberation chamber used for electromagnetic transfer measurements, such as the shielding effectiveness (SE) of materials, structures, gaskets, cables and/or connectors. This article was performed using the vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC), in a dual, or contiguous, and in a nested configuration. The DR for SE is a key parameter, and this DR is influenced by the leakage of the VIRC cloth material. The effect of leakage through the dual and nested VIRC cloth on the DR in such a reflective environment was also theoretically investigated using a transmission-line (TL) model. Improvements to the DR for SE measurements with the dual VIRC are presented.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1068-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan Wei;Lilin Li;Haoyang Zhang;Xin Zhang;Tong Wang;Jingxuan Gu;Donglin Su
{"title":"Electromagnetic Susceptibility and Port-to-Port Interference Transfer Mechanism for Ethernet Switches: Characterization, Modeling, and Analysis","authors":"Nan Wei;Lilin Li;Haoyang Zhang;Xin Zhang;Tong Wang;Jingxuan Gu;Donglin Su","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3717821","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2026.3717821","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the conducted electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) mechanism of commercial Gigabit Ethernet switches and its relationship with port-to-port conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) transfer. The EMS results reveal the susceptible frequency band from 70 to 100 MHz, with the critical threshold occurring around 90 MHz. This frequency-dependent behavior is explained by the combined effects of frequency-selective cable response associated with reflection and standing-wave enhancement, high-frequency parasitic coupling through the Ethernet isolation transformer, and the effective baseband response and filtering characteristics of the PHY receiver. The agreement between the explained resonance-related sensitive band and the measured minimum-threshold frequency supports the proposed EMS mechanism. Furthermore, a high-frequency equivalent model is developed to quantify port-to-port EMI transfer by incorporating transformer parasitic capacitance, inter-port capacitive crosstalk, and common-ground transfer impedance. The simulated transfer characteristics are validated by measurements, confirming that the model captures the dominant frequency-dependent inter-port coupling behavior. A comparative analysis of the EMS thresholds and port-to-port transfer characteristics provides frequency-domain evidence for identifying the dominant coupling paths in multiport Ethernet switches. The proposed mechanism-based analysis and validated model offer a reference for EMC assessment and robustness optimization of multiport Ethernet equipment.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"68 5","pages":"1096-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonhard Petzel, Gregor Bohm, David Pommerenke, Steffen Holland
{"title":"Analysis of Harmonic Distortion of TVS Structures","authors":"Leonhard Petzel, Gregor Bohm, David Pommerenke, Steffen Holland","doi":"10.1109/temc.2026.3732196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2026.3732196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}