Jessica M Oakes, Mona Eskandari, Catherine A Fromen
{"title":"Special Issue: Respiratory BiomechanicsA Collection of Research and Review Articles From Leaders in the Field of Respiratory Biomechanics.","authors":"Jessica M Oakes, Mona Eskandari, Catherine A Fromen","doi":"10.1115/1.4069675","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Marie Aguilera, Muhammad F A Chaudhary, Sarah E Gerard, Joseph M Reinhardt, Sandeep Bodduluri
{"title":"Pulmonary Biomechanics in COPD: Imaging Techniques and Clinical Applications.","authors":"Stephanie Marie Aguilera, Muhammad F A Chaudhary, Sarah E Gerard, Joseph M Reinhardt, Sandeep Bodduluri","doi":"10.1115/1.4069594","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The respiratory system depends on complex biomechanical processes to enable gas exchange. The mechanical properties of the lung parenchyma, airways, vasculature, and surrounding structures play an essential role in overall ventilation efficacy. These complex biomechanical processes, however, are significantly altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to emphysematous destruction of the lung parenchyma, chronic airway inflammation, and small airway obstruction. Recent advancements in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques, combined with advanced image post-processing algorithms and deep neural networks, have enabled comprehensive quantitative assessment of lung structure, tissue deformation, and lung function at the voxel level. These methods have led to better phenotyping, therapeutic strategies, and refined our understanding of pathological processes that compromise pulmonary function in COPD. In this review, we discuss recent developments in imaging and image processing methods for studying pulmonary biomechanics with a specific focus on clinical applications for COPD, including the assessment of regional ventilation, planning of endobronchial valve treatment, prediction of disease onset and progression, sizing of lungs for transplantation, and guiding mechanical ventilation. These advanced image-based biomechanical measurements, when combined with clinical expertise, play a critical role in disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions for patients with COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing Han, Emmanuel A Akor, Andrea F Cruz, Mingchao Cai, David W Kaczka
{"title":"Simulation of Central Airway Gas Flow Dynamics During Conventional and Multifrequency Ventilation.","authors":"Bing Han, Emmanuel A Akor, Andrea F Cruz, Mingchao Cai, David W Kaczka","doi":"10.1115/1.4069032","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with acute respiratory failure often require supportive mechanical ventilation to maintain adequate gas exchange. Recent studies have shown that multifrequency ventilation (MFV), the technique of presenting multiple simultaneous frequencies in flow or pressure at the airway opening, may provide more uniform ventilation distribution and parenchymal strain throughout the mechanically heterogeneous lung. In this study, we simulated gas flow within a porcine central airway tree, from the trachea to the fifth generation, with dynamic boundary conditions (BCs) during volume-controlled conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) cycled at 0.27 Hz (16.2 min-1), as well as MFV waveforms comprised of two fast sinusoidal components (i.e., 3.5 Hz and 7.0 Hz) superimposed on the 0.27 Hz CMV waveform. By using forced gas flows at the airway opening of the computational lung model, dynamic pressures at various airway segments were predicted, based on the interactions of internal flow with the downstream elastances and peripheral resistances. Internal airflows were simulated and analyzed in both time- and frequency-domains. The results indicate that MFV resulted in stronger asymmetric flow (i.e., \"pendelluft\") at end-inspiration and end-expiration. MFV also appeared to augment inlet-outlet phase differences for both pressure and flow compared with CMV, suggesting that MFV may enhance gas mixing, thus facilitating more efficient ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictions of Atelectasis-Induced Microvolutrauma: A Key Pathway to Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury.","authors":"Hideki Fujioka, David Halpern, Donald P Gaver","doi":"10.1115/1.4069073","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a full three-dimensional multiscale computational model of lung parenchyma to investigate how heterogeneous alveolar ventilation generates regions of high stress. The model integrates elastin and collagen fiber mechanics at the alveolar level to capture microstructural interactions. Simulations of nonuniform alveolar pressure, particularly in the presence of atelectasis (collapsed lung regions), reveal significant localized distortions in adjacent normal parenchyma, especially along the atelectatic boundary. Results demonstrate that heterogeneous ventilation induces substantial stress concentrations in surrounding healthy tissue, which may contribute to lung injury and disease progression in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). A reduced-dimension periacinar pressure model is introduced to provide a simplified yet effective framework for analyzing these mechanical interactions. Notably, the model shows that even under seemingly normal transmural pressures, alveolar collagen fibers near atelectatic regions experience extreme tensile stresses, which could be misinterpreted as microvolutrauma despite originating from atelectasis. These findings underscore the critical role of heterogeneous ventilation in driving injurious mechanical forces within the lung, highlighting the need for ventilation strategies that minimize airway closure or alveolar derecruitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y F Jack Wang, Jacopo Ferruzzi, Stewart Yeoh, Samer S Merchant, Steve A Maas, Jeffrey A Weiss, Edward W Hsu, Lucas H Timmins
{"title":"An Image-Based Computational Framework to Evaluate the Material Stiffness of Arterial Tissue With High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Y F Jack Wang, Jacopo Ferruzzi, Stewart Yeoh, Samer S Merchant, Steve A Maas, Jeffrey A Weiss, Edward W Hsu, Lucas H Timmins","doi":"10.1115/1.4069209","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the precipitating event in most acute coronary syndromes. As rupture results from the material failure of arterial tissue under mechanical loading, in vivo image-based techniques that can accurately characterize arterial material stiffness offer potential in risk-stratifying lesions. This study developed and validated a novel magnetic resonance (MR) image-based computational framework to evaluate the material stiffness of vascular tissue. Porcine carotid arteries (n = 4) were subjected to biaxial mechanical testing, followed by MR image acquisition under controlled loading. Best-fit material parameters for an anisotropic material model were estimated via regression analysis on the biaxial data. A deformable image registration technique, termed hyperelastic warping, was utilized to derive strain fields from the MR images and integrated with an inverse parameter estimation algorithm to identify the parameters for the same constitutive model. Experimentally and warping-estimated material stiffness values (tangent moduli) were not significantly different at physiologic lumen pressures of 80 (0.36 ± 0.15 and 0.48 ± 0.20 MPa; p = 0.14) and 120 mmHg (0.64 ± 0.27 and 0.73 ± 0.36 MPa; p = 0.60). The warping-directed inverse modeling framework identified subtle, but observable variations in material stiffness within a sample and accurately illustrated the physical influence of loading conditions on those properties. Collectively, these results demonstrated the robustness of an innovative approach to characterize nonlinear, hyperelastic behaviors of arterial tissue and quantify material stiffness directly from image data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramin Balouchzadeh, Christopher D Kroenke, Kara E Garcia, Philip V Bayly
{"title":"Measurement of Residual Stress in the Brain.","authors":"Ramin Balouchzadeh, Christopher D Kroenke, Kara E Garcia, Philip V Bayly","doi":"10.1115/1.4068879","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4068879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical stress is an important feature of brain tissue, which may play key roles in brain development and brain injury. Here, we characterize residual stresses in gray matter and white matter in the mouse brain, which has a smooth (lissencephalic) cortical surface, and the brain of the Yucatan minipig which has a folded (gyrencephalic) cortex. Stresses are estimated from the deformed shape of tissue cylinders extracted from the brain using a biopsy needle and imaged with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We use finite element (FE) simulations to reconstruct the stress state of tissue sections in the intact brain from images of corresponding sections of the deformed excised tissue. In both adult mouse and minipig brains, cortical gray matter exhibited predominantly compressive stresses, while white matter exhibited strongly anisotropic tensile stresses. The direction of maximum tension in white matter generally aligns with axon orientation as observed with diffusion MRI in the minipig. These stress patterns (compressive in cortical gray matter, tensile along axons) are consistent with hypotheses of constrained cortical expansion and tension-induced axonal growth during brain development. These findings offer new insights into the biomechanical factors underlying brain morphogenesis, with implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders, predicting brain injuries, and planning neurosurgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13055186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure and In-Plane Mechanical Property Comparison of Human and Porcine Cornea.","authors":"Hamed Hatami-Marbini, Md Esharuzzaman Emu","doi":"10.1115/1.4068828","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4068828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work characterized mechanical properties of human and porcine cornea along nasal-temporal (NT) and superior-inferior (SI) directions. Because of easy accessibility and comparable dimensions, porcine cornea has been widely used for investigating human corneal properties. Here, similarities and differences between human and porcine corneal biomechanics were characterized using a biaxial testing machine (ElectroForce Planar Biaxial TestBench, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) and a uniaxial testing device (RSA-G2 Solids Analyzer, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE). Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was done to characterize the microstructure of samples. The biaxial and uniaxial experiments showed that neither human nor porcine cornea had anisotropic tensile properties along SI and NT directions. The tensile properties obtained from uniaxial tests were significantly lower than biaxial measurements (P < 0.05). Both testing methods gave significantly larger peak stress and tangent modulus for human cornea (p < 0.05). In comparison with those of porcine cornea, the human corneal collagen fibril diameter (FD), interfibrillar spacing (IFS), and lamellar projected thickness were significantly smaller (P < 0.05). The lamellar projected thickness of each species along SI and NT directions was significantly different (P < 0.05). The differences and similarities between mechanical response of porcine and human cornea were discussed in terms of microstructure of their extracellular matrices. It was concluded that improving awareness among researchers about mechanical differences between human and porcine cornea is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12617605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brendan M Curran, Casey A Myers, Peter J Laz, Thor E Andreassen, Kevin B Shelburne
{"title":"Contributions of Muscle Forces to Stability and Mobility in Radiography-Driven Models of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.","authors":"Brendan M Curran, Casey A Myers, Peter J Laz, Thor E Andreassen, Kevin B Shelburne","doi":"10.1115/1.4069022","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4069022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several complications are associated with total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), including glenoid loosening and joint instability. These complications are linked to imbalances in glenohumeral muscle forces, which cause eccentric loading that occurs on the outer edge of the glenoid component, rather than in the center of the glenoid, and can be damaging to the implant and destabilizing the joint. The purpose of this study was to develop musculoskeletal models of TSA patients using their skeletal geometry acquired from CT and their kinematics acquired with high-speed stereo radiography (HSSR) to predict glenohumeral joint loading and muscle forces for abduction and flexion and describe how these loads differ from their native contralateral side. CT data was collected for both shoulders of 6 TSA patients (three anatomic and three reverse). Models were developed using CT reconstructions of each patient's scapula and humerus, and placed implant geometry with CT-derived alignment. Mesh morphing was used to create personalized muscle attachment sites on the scapula. Simulation of abduction and flexion to quantify muscle and joint forces was driven with limb-specific HSSR kinematics. At 90 deg abduction, reverse TSA increased superior shear force by 11.2% bodyweight (BW) and decreased medial compressive force by 27.5%BW compared to each patient's contralateral shoulder. Lateral deltoid elevation moment arms and stability ratios increased 9.61 mm and 0.58, respectively. At 90 deg abduction, anatomic TSA patients increased humeral internal rotation by 52.7 deg and decreased rotator cuff force by 9.4%BW. Patient-specific musculoskeletal models quantified differences in glenohumeral joint mechanics. This study revealed muscle and kinematic mechanisms that could lead to edge loading and glenoid loosening in TSA and can inform personalized surgical planning for implant alignment with the goal of improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bubbler System Design for Regulating Media Oxygen Levels in an Open Testing Environment.","authors":"Margaret H Capalbo, Spencer E Szczesny","doi":"10.1115/1.4068635","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4068635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many biological processes are affected by hypoxia. For example, hypoxia has been suggested to be a driver of tendon degeneration especially in conjunction with mechanical stimulation. To better study the effects of both factors on tendon degeneration, tendon explant studies can be useful. However, such explant models are complicated by the need of an incubator to control the oxygen levels, limiting the types of experiments that can be done. In this paper, we describe the design of a bubbler system to alter oxygen levels for experiments conducted in an open environment. The basin volume, basin surface area-to-volume ratio, total system volume, and pump flow rate were optimized to obtain the lowest possible oxygen level. Oxygen levels were most sensitive to the total system volume and pump flow rates with higher values for both parameters leading to lower oxygen readings. This bubbler system was able to reach and maintain hypoxic levels sufficient to conduct future tendon explant experiments to understand the mechanism driving tendinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuankai Lu, Yi Hua, Po-Yi Lee, Andrew Theophanous, Shaharoz Tahir, Qi Tian, Ian A Sigal
{"title":"Lamina Cribrosa Hypoxia Sensitivity to Variations of Anatomy and Vascular Factors.","authors":"Yuankai Lu, Yi Hua, Po-Yi Lee, Andrew Theophanous, Shaharoz Tahir, Qi Tian, Ian A Sigal","doi":"10.1115/1.4068577","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4068577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient oxygenation in the lamina cribrosa (LC) may contribute to axonal damage and glaucomatous vision loss. To understand the range of susceptibilities to glaucoma, we aimed to identify key factors influencing LC oxygenation and examine if these factors vary with anatomical differences between eyes. We reconstructed three-dimensional, eye-specific LC vessel networks from histological sections of four healthy monkey eyes. For each network, we generated 125 models varying vessel radius, oxygen consumption rate, and arteriole perfusion pressure. Using hemodynamic and oxygen supply modeling, we predicted blood flow distribution and tissue oxygenation in the LC. ANOVA assessed the significance of each parameter. Our results showed that vessel radius had the greatest influence on LC oxygenation, followed by anatomical variations. Arteriole perfusion pressure and oxygen consumption rate were the third and fourth most influential factors, respectively. The LC regions are well perfused under baseline conditions. These findings highlight the importance of vessel radius and anatomical variation in LC oxygenation, providing insights into LC physiology and pathology. Pathologies affecting vessel radius may increase the risk of LC hypoxia, and anatomical variations could influence susceptibility. Conversely, increased oxygen consumption rates had minimal effects, suggesting that higher metabolic demands, such as those needed to maintain intracellular transport despite elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP), have limited impact on LC oxygenation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13198818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}