Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme最新文献_第10页

Evaluation of an Elastomeric Honeycomb Bicycle Helmet Design to Mitigate Head Kinematics in Oblique Impacts. 评估弹性蜂窝状自行车头盔设计，以减轻斜撞击时的头部运动学影响。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064475

Annie R A King, Jennifer Rovt, Oren E Petel, Bosco Yu, Cheryl E Quenneville

{"title":"Evaluation of an Elastomeric Honeycomb Bicycle Helmet Design to Mitigate Head Kinematics in Oblique Impacts.","authors":"Annie R A King, Jennifer Rovt, Oren E Petel, Bosco Yu, Cheryl E Quenneville","doi":"10.1115/1.4064475","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064475","url":null,"abstract":"Head impacts in bicycle accidents are typically oblique to the impact surface and transmit both normal and tangential forces to the head, causing linear and rotational head kinematics, respectively. Traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam bicycle helmets are effective at preventing many head injuries, especially skull fractures and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) (primarily from normal contact forces). However, the incidence of concussion from collisions (primarily from rotational head motion) remains high, indicating need for enhanced protection. An elastomeric honeycomb helmet design is proposed herein as an alternative to EPS foam to improve TBI protection and be potentially reusable for multiple impacts, and tested using a twin-wire drop tower. Small-scale normal and oblique impact tests showed honeycomb had lower oblique strength than EPS foam, beneficial for diffuse TBI protection by permitting greater shear deformation and had the potential to be reusable. Honeycomb helmets were developed based on the geometry of an existing EPS foam helmet, prototypes were three-dimensional-printed with thermoplastic polyurethane and full-scale flat and oblique drop tests were performed. In flat impacts, honeycomb helmets resulted in a 34% higher peak linear acceleration and 7% lower head injury criteria (HIC15) than EPS foam helmets. In oblique tests, honeycomb helmets resulted in a 30% lower HIC15 and 40% lower peak rotational acceleration compared to EPS foam helmets. This new helmet design has the potential to reduce the risk of TBI in a bicycle accident, and as such, reduce its social and economic burden. Also, the honeycomb design showed potential to be effective for repetitive impact events without the need for replacement, offering benefits to consumers.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Suitability of an Effective Viscosity to Represent Interactions Between Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow. 分析有效粘度是否适合表示剪切流中红细胞之间的相互作用。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064213

Grant Rydquist, Mahdi Esmaily

{"title":"Analysis of the Suitability of an Effective Viscosity to Represent Interactions Between Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow.","authors":"Grant Rydquist, Mahdi Esmaily","doi":"10.1115/1.4064213","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064213","url":null,"abstract":"Many methods to computationally predict red blood cell damage have been introduced, and among these are Lagrangian methods that track the cells along their pathlines. Such methods typically do not explicitly include cell-cell interactions. Due to the high volume fraction of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood, these interactions could impact cell mechanics and thus the amount of damage caused by the flow. To investigate this question, cell-resolved simulations of red blood cells in shear flow were performed for multiple interacting cells, as well as for single cells in unbounded flow at an effective viscosity. Simulations run without adjusting the bulk viscosity produced larger errors unilaterally and were not considered further for comparison. We show that a periodic box containing at least 8 cells and a spherical harmonic of degree larger than 10 are necessary to produce converged higher-order statistics. The maximum difference between the single-cell and multiple-cell cases in terms of peak strain was 3.7%. To achieve this, one must use the whole blood viscosity and average over multiple cell orientations when adopting a single-cell simulation approach. The differences between the models in terms of average strain were slightly larger (maximum difference of 6.9%). However, given the accuracy of the single-cell approach in predicting the maximum strain, which is useful in hemolysis prediction, and its computational cost that is orders of magnitude less than the multiple-cell approach, one may use it as an affordable cell-resolved approach for hemolysis prediction.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":"146 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity Analysis of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Models During Isometric and Isokinetic Tasks. 上肢肌肉骨骼模型在等长和等速任务中的敏感性分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064056

Maximillian T Diaz, Joel B Harley, Jennifer A Nichols

{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Models During Isometric and Isokinetic Tasks.","authors":"Maximillian T Diaz, Joel B Harley, Jennifer A Nichols","doi":"10.1115/1.4064056","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064056","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivity coefficients are used to understand how errors in subject-specific musculoskeletal model parameters influence model predictions. Previous sensitivity studies in the lower limb calculated sensitivity using perturbations that do not fully represent the diversity of the population. Hence, the present study performs sensitivity analysis in the upper limb using a large synthetic dataset to capture greater physiological diversity. The large dataset (n = 401 synthetic subjects) was created by adjusting maximum isometric force, optimal fiber length, pennation angle, and bone mass to induce atrophy, hypertrophy, osteoporosis, and osteopetrosis in two upper limb musculoskeletal models. Simulations of three isometric and two isokinetic upper limb tasks were performed using each synthetic subject to predict muscle activations. Sensitivity coefficients were calculated using three different methods (two point, linear regression, and sensitivity functions) to understand how changes in Hill-type parameters influenced predicted muscle activations. The sensitivity coefficient methods were then compared by evaluating how well the coefficients accounted for measurement uncertainty. This was done by using the sensitivity coefficients to predict the range of muscle activations given known errors in measuring musculoskeletal parameters from medical imaging. Sensitivity functions were found to best account for measurement uncertainty. Simulated muscle activations were most sensitive to optimal fiber length and maximum isometric force during upper limb tasks. Importantly, the level of sensitivity was muscle and task dependent. These findings provide a foundation for how large synthetic datasets can be applied to capture physiologically diverse populations and understand how model parameters influence predictions.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Layer-Specific Properties of the Human Infra-Renal Aorta During Aging Considering Pre/Post-Failure Damage. 考虑衰竭前后损伤的人肾下主动脉在衰老过程中的层特异性特征。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064146

Dimitrios P Sokolis

{"title":"Layer-Specific Properties of the Human Infra-Renal Aorta During Aging Considering Pre/Post-Failure Damage.","authors":"Dimitrios P Sokolis","doi":"10.1115/1.4064146","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064146","url":null,"abstract":"There is little information on the layer-specific failure properties of the adult human abdominal aorta, and there has been no quantification of postfailure damage. Infra-renal aortas were thus taken from forty-seven autopsy subjects and cut into 870 intact-wall and layer strips that underwent uni-axial-tensile testing. Intact-wall failure stress did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the medial value longitudinally, nor from the intimal and medial values circumferentially, which were the lowest recorded values. Intact-wall failure stretch did not differ (p > 0.05) from the medial value in either direction. Intact-wall prefailure stretch (defined as failure stretch-stretch at the initiation of the concave phase of the stress-stretch response) did not differ (p > 0.05) from the intimal and medial values, and intact-wall postfailure stretch (viz., full-rupture stretch-failure stretch) did not differ (p > 0.05) from the adventitial value since the adventitia was the last layer to rupture, being most extensible albeit under residual tension. Intact-wall failure stress and stretch declined from 20 to 60 years, explained by steady declines throughout the lifetime of their medial counterparts, implicating beyond 60 years the less age-varying failure properties of the intima under minimal residual compression. The positive correlation of postfailure stretch with age counteracted the declining failure stretch, serving as a compensatory mechanism against rupture. Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease adversely affected the intact-wall and layer-specific failure stretches while increasing stiffness.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An In Silico Model for Predicting the Efficacy of Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Regurgitation. 预测二尖瓣反流边缘修复效果的计算机模型。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064055

Junichi Ooida, Naoki Kiyohara, Hironaga Noguchi, Yuichiro Oguchi, Kohei Nagane, Takuya Sakaguchi, Gakuto Aoyama, Fumimasa Shige, James V Chapman, Masahiko Asami, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, Michael Huy Cuong Pham, Koshiro Suzuki

{"title":"An In Silico Model for Predicting the Efficacy of Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Regurgitation.","authors":"Junichi Ooida, Naoki Kiyohara, Hironaga Noguchi, Yuichiro Oguchi, Kohei Nagane, Takuya Sakaguchi, Gakuto Aoyama, Fumimasa Shige, James V Chapman, Masahiko Asami, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, Michael Huy Cuong Pham, Koshiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1115/1.4064055","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064055","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) has been widely adopted as an effective treatment for mitral regurgitation (MR). The aim of this study is to develop a personalized in silico model to predict the effect of edge-to-edge repair in advance to the procedure for each individual patient. For this purpose, we propose a combination of a valve deformation model for computing the mitral valve (MV) orifice area (MVOA) and a lumped parameter model for the hemodynamics, specifically mitral regurgitation volume (RVol). Although we cannot obtain detailed information on the three-dimensional flow field near the mitral valve, we can rapidly simulate the important medical parameters for the clinical decision support. In the present method, we construct the patient-specific pre-operative models by using the parameter optimization and then simulate the postoperative state by applying the additional clipping condition. The computed preclip MVOAs show good agreement with the clinical measurements, and the correlation coefficient takes 0.998. In addition, the MR grade in terms of RVol also has good correlation with the grade by ground truth MVOA. Finally, we try to investigate the applicability for the predicting the postclip state. The simulated valve shapes clearly show the well-known double orifice and the improvement of the MVOA, compared with the preclip state. Similarly, we confirmed the improved reverse flow and MR grade in terms of RVol. A total computational time is approximately 8 h by using general-purpose PC. These results obviously indicate that the present in silico model has good capability for the assessment of edge-to-edge repair.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Leg Forces and Knee Moments Using Inertial Measurement Units: An In Vitro Study. 使用惯性测量单元预测腿部力和膝关节力矩:一项体外研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064145

Mirel Ajdaroski, So Young Baek, James A Ashton-Miller, Amanda O Esquivel

{"title":"Predicting Leg Forces and Knee Moments Using Inertial Measurement Units: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Mirel Ajdaroski, So Young Baek, James A Ashton-Miller, Amanda O Esquivel","doi":"10.1115/1.4064145","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064145","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the ability of seven machine learning algorithms to use wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) data to identify the severe knee loading cycles known to induce microdamage associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Sixteen cadaveric knee specimens, dissected free of skin and muscle, were mounted in a rig simulating standardized jump landings. One IMU was located above and the other below the knee, the applied three-dimensional action and reaction loads were measured via six-axis load cells, and the three-dimensional knee kinematics were also recorded by a laboratory motion capture system. Machine learning algorithms were used to predict the knee moments and the tibial and femur vertical forces; 13 knees were utilized for training each model, while three were used for testing its accuracy (i.e., normalized root-mean-square error) and reliability (Bland-Altman limits of agreement). The results showed the models predicted force and knee moment values with acceptable levels of error and, although several models exhibited some form of bias, acceptable reliability. Further research will be needed to determine whether these types of models can be modified to attenuate the inevitable in vivo soft tissue motion artifact associated with highly dynamic activities like jump landings.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluid Flow Analysis of Neonatal Dual-Lumen Cannulas for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. 用于静脉体外膜氧合的新生儿双腔套管的流体流量分析。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064212

Danielle M Sawka, Yunxing Su, Julie Monteagudo, Roberto Zenit

{"title":"Fluid Flow Analysis of Neonatal Dual-Lumen Cannulas for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.","authors":"Danielle M Sawka, Yunxing Su, Julie Monteagudo, Roberto Zenit","doi":"10.1115/1.4064212","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064212","url":null,"abstract":"Hemolysis persists as a common and serious problem for neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Since the cannula within the ECMO circuit is associated with hemolysis-inducing shear stresses, real-world internal fluid flow measurements are urgently needed to understand the mechanism and confirm computational estimates. This study appears to be the first experimental study of fluid flow inside commercial ECMO dual-lumen cannulas (DLCs) and first particle image velocimetry (PIV) visualization inside a complicated medical device. The internal geometries of four different opaque neonatal DLCs, both atrial and bicaval positioning geometries each sized 13 Fr and 16 Fr, were replicated by three-dimensional printing clear lumen scaled-up models, which were integrated in a circuit with appropriate ECMO flow parameters. PIV was then used to visualize two-dimensional fluid flow in a single cross section within the models. An empirical model accounting for shear stress and exposure time was used to compare the maximum expected level of hemolysis through each model. The maximum measured peak shear stress recorded was 16±2 Pa in the top arterial bicaval 13 Fr model. The atrial and 16 Fr cannula models never produced greater single-pass peak shear stress or hemolysis than the bicaval and 13 Fr models, respectively, and no difference was found in hemolysis at two different flow rates. After 5 days of flow, small DLC-induced hemolysis values for a single pass through each cannula were modeled to linearly accumulate and caused the most severe hemolysis in the bicaval 13 Fr DLC. Engineering and clinical solutions to improve cannula safety are proposed.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":"146 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Pelvis Response During Simulated Underbody Blast Loading. 评估骨盆在模拟车身底部爆炸载荷时的反应。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064214

Thanyani Pandelani, Diagarajen Carpanen, Spyros D Masouros

引用次数: 0

The Effect of an Increasing Subglottal Stenosis Constriction That Extends From the Vocal Folds to the Inferior Border of the Cricoid Cartilage. 从声带折叠延伸至环状软骨下缘的声门下狭窄缩窄增加的影响。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064029

Jacob Michaud-Dorko, Elias Sundström, Charles Farbos de Luzan, Ephraim Gutmark, Liran Oren

{"title":"The Effect of an Increasing Subglottal Stenosis Constriction That Extends From the Vocal Folds to the Inferior Border of the Cricoid Cartilage.","authors":"Jacob Michaud-Dorko, Elias Sundström, Charles Farbos de Luzan, Ephraim Gutmark, Liran Oren","doi":"10.1115/1.4064029","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064029","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired subglottal stenosis is an unpredicted complication that can occur in some patients who have undergone prolonged endotracheal intubation. It is a narrowing of the airway at the level of the cricoid cartilage that can restrict airflow and cause breathing difficulty. Stenosis is typically treated with endoscopic airway dilation, with some patients experiencing multiple recurrences. The study highlights the potential of computational fluid dynamics as a noninvasive method for monitoring subglottic stenosis, which can aid in early diagnosis and surgical planning. An anatomically accurate human laryngeal airway model was constructed from computerized tomography (CT) scans. The subglottis cross-sectional area was narrowed systematically using ≈10% decrements. A quadratic profile was used to interpolate the transformation of the airway geometry from its modified shape to the baseline geometry. The numerical results were validated by static pressure measurements conducted in a physical model. The results show that airway resistance follows a squared ratio that is inversely proportional to the size of the subglottal opening (R∝A-2). The study found that critical constriction occurs in the subglottal region at 70% stenosis (upper end of grade 2). Moreover, removing airway tissue below 40% stenosis during surgical intervention does not significantly decrease airway resistance.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Mechanics-Based Perspective on the Function of Human Sphincters During Functional Luminal Imaging Probe Manometry. 基于力学的人体括约肌功能在功能性腔内成像探针测压中的作用。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064125

Guy Elisha, Sourav Halder, Dustin A Carlson, Wenjun Kou, Peter J Kahrilas, John E Pandolfino, Neelesh A Patankar

{"title":"A Mechanics-Based Perspective on the Function of Human Sphincters During Functional Luminal Imaging Probe Manometry.","authors":"Guy Elisha, Sourav Halder, Dustin A Carlson, Wenjun Kou, Peter J Kahrilas, John E Pandolfino, Neelesh A Patankar","doi":"10.1115/1.4064125","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064125","url":null,"abstract":"Functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) is used to measure cross-sectional area (CSA) and pressure at sphincters. It consists of a catheter surrounded by a fluid filled cylindrical bag, closed on both ends. Plotting the pressure-CSA hysteresis of a sphincter during a contraction cycle, which is available through FLIP testing, offers information on its functionality, and can provide diagnostic insights. However, limited work has been done to explain the mechanics of these pressure-CSA loops. This work presents a consolidated picture of pressure-CSA loops of different sphincters. Clinical data reveal that although sphincters have a similar purpose (controlling the flow of liquids and solids by opening and closing), two different pressure-CSA loop patterns emerge: negative slope loop (NSL) and positive slope loop (PSL). We show that the loop type is the result of an interplay between (or lack thereof) two mechanical modes: (i) neurogenic mediated relaxation of the sphincter muscle or pulling applied by external forces, and (ii) muscle contraction proximal to the sphincter which causes mechanical distention. We conclude that sphincters which only function through mechanism (i) exhibition NSL whereas sphincters which open as a result of both (i) and (ii) display a PSL. This work provides a fundamental mechanical understanding of human sphincters. This can be used to identify normal and abnormal phenotypes for the different sphincters and help in creating physiomarkers based on work calculation.","PeriodicalId":54871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0