Perspectives in Biology and Medicine最新文献_第3页

Medical Objects, Graphic Medicine, and Brian Fies's Mom's Cancer. 医疗器械，图形医学，还有布莱恩·菲斯妈妈的癌症。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002737

Livine Ancy A, Sathyaraj Venkatesan

引用次数: 0

Courage, Conviction, Resolve: The Story of Dr. Gui Xi'en. 勇气、信念、决心：桂锡恩博士的故事。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2026.a985814

Gail E Henderson

{"title":"Courage, Conviction, Resolve: The Story of Dr. Gui Xi'en.","authors":"Gail E Henderson","doi":"10.1353/pbm.2026.a985814","DOIUrl":"10.1353/pbm.2026.a985814","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1990s, China experienced an epidemic of HIV/AIDS among poor farmers who sold and were infected by tainted blood and blood product transfusions, not discovered until hundreds of thousands were infected. In 1999, Wuhan University infectious disease physician-scientist Dr. Gui Xi'en visited villages in neighboring Henan province and identified the epidemic. This essay describes how the contributions of one individual-a humble, articulate, and tenacious physician-touched the lives of thousands of patients and health-care providers. His story reveals the virtues of a life that is a compelling call to action in the face of human need and suffering, exemplifying the heart of medicine. Given rampant misinformation and fear surrounding HIV/AIDS, Dr. Gui chose to educate rather than retreat. He welcomed patients whom others turned away, brought real-life cases into classrooms, and trained generations of students to approach medicine with both scientific rigor and human empathy. His work helped shift public understanding and reduce stigma, proving that education is a powerful tool for healing not just bodies, but communities. He is an inspiring figure from whom generations in China and the US could still learn.","PeriodicalId":54627,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","volume":"69 1","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Reading Immunity in Literature: Metaphor, the Immunitary Unconscious, and Immunity as Mode of Protection. 文学中的阅读免疫：隐喻、免疫无意识与作为保护模式的免疫。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Mathieu Bokestael

引用次数: 0

Writing an Imagined Immunity: Sleep, Sleeplessness, and the Fight Against Infection. 书写想象中的免疫：睡眠、失眠和对抗感染。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Martin Willis, Keir Waddington

引用次数: 0

The Three Destructions of the Brain: Memory, Understanding, and Will from Augustine to the Neurology Clinic. 大脑的三种破坏：记忆、理解和意志——从奥古斯丁到神经病学诊所。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002732

Jose-Alberto Palma

{"title":"The Three Destructions of the Brain: Memory, Understanding, and Will from Augustine to the Neurology Clinic.","authors":"Jose-Alberto Palma","doi":"10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002732","url":null,"abstract":"In the Suscipe prayer concluding his Spiritual Exercises, St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) offers God his liberty together with three faculties: memory, understanding, and will. This triad, inherited from St. Augustine of Hippo's De Trinitate, identifies within human cognition an image of the divine Trinity inscribed in the architecture of thought. The imago Dei itself, however, belongs to the human person by nature, not by the exercise of cognitive capacities. This essay argues that clinical neurology has independently corroborated the functional distinctiveness of this tripartite scheme. The selective loss of each faculty produces a qualitatively distinct syndrome: amnesia (paradigmatically the amnestic syndrome, and the predominant initial presentation of Alzheimer's disease); an acquired impairment of abstraction and reasoning; and abulia, apathy, or akinetic mutism. These three syndromes dissociate from one another, supporting the notion that the Augustinian triad identifies real joints in the architecture of the mind. Recent evidence of cognitive motor dissociation and preserved covert cognition in apparently unresponsive patients suggests the Augustinian distinction between \"will as the soul's deepest orientation\" and \"will as motor initiation\" may be empirically tractable, with direct bioethical implications for patient care. Coma represents the most complete dissolution of these functions; yet, on the tradition's account, the imago Dei belongs to the person by nature and no neurological injury can extinguish it.","PeriodicalId":54627,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"319-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Does the "Immunological Body" Eat? Metchnikoff and Digestion as Warfare. “免疫机体”吃什么？梅契尼科夫和消化作为战争。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Elsa Richardson

{"title":"What Does the \"Immunological Body\" Eat? Metchnikoff and Digestion as Warfare.","authors":"Elsa Richardson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Today we are accustomed to the idea that eating certain foods can help to support the immune system. Over the last two decades, this familiar narrative has been bolstered by the rise of microbial science and the growing popularity of biome-led nutrition, which encourages eaters to nourish the flora and fauna of their guts for the sake of better overall health. While our current preoccupation with the microbiome can be dated to the launch of the Human Microbiome Project in 2007, its origin story can be traced much further back. It begins with work undertaken by scientists and physicians around the turn of the 20th century aimed at understanding the significance of microbes in the digestive system. One of those, the Russian zoologist Élie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), is perhaps best remembered as the founder of modern immunology, and his work on phagocytosis-the capacity of certain specialized cells to engulf and eliminate intruders-earned him the Nobel Prize in 1908. According to Metchnikoff, the gut was the \"engine of senility,\" where pathogenic bacteria multiplied and threatened to overwhelm the body's defenses. Transforming the belly into a battleground where good bacteria went to war with bad, Metchnikoff's influential work extended his theorization of organic immunity as a form of intercellular defense to the vexed question of what to eat and created the foundation for Emily Martin's \"immunological body,\" an understanding of the body that likens it to a nation state, defined through the careful maintenance of the boundary between self and non-self, at this intersection of dietetics and immunology.","PeriodicalId":54627,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","volume":"69 2","pages":"229-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Satoan Disease: Immunity and Indigeneity in Albert Wendt's The Mango's Kiss. 萨托安病：阿尔伯特·温特《芒果之吻》中的免疫和先天性。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01

Matthew Hayward

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Scalpel: Rethinking "Minimal" and "Optimal" in Spine Surgery. 超越手术刀：重新思考脊柱外科的“最小”和“最佳”。

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002731

Tayfun Hakan

{"title":"Beyond the Scalpel: Rethinking \"Minimal\" and \"Optimal\" in Spine Surgery.","authors":"Tayfun Hakan","doi":"10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2026.a1002731","url":null,"abstract":"The terms \"minimal\" and \"optimal\" are widely used in surgical practice, yet their deeper meanings are rarely examined. This article uses minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) as a case study to explore how these concepts shape clinical decision-making, guide innovation, and frame patient communication. While \"minimally invasive\" procedures are associated with reduced tissue trauma and faster recovery, these advantages are often evaluated through narrow technical metrics that may not fully capture the overall impact of surgery. Similarly, \"optimal\" extends beyond technical success to include efficacy, safety, patient values, and long-term outcomes, making it inherently context-dependent. Drawing on clinical literature and the philosophy of medicine, the article argues that \"minimal\" and \"optimal\" are relational and multidimensional constructs whose meaning emerges through clinical interpretation rather than fixed definitions. It further suggests that descriptions of MISS as \"revolutionary\" reflect rhetorical emphasis rather than a strict Kuhnian paradigm shift, and are better understood within cumulative models of development. The article additionally highlights the limitations of metric-based evaluation and emphasizes integrating empirical evidence with ethical reflection and clinical judgment. These considerations suggest that surgical terminology shapes clinical interpretation and patient expectations, underscoring the need for clarity and contextual sensitivity. Mismatches between expectations and outcomes may also influence patient experience and contribute to decisional regret.","PeriodicalId":54627,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","volume":"69 3","pages":"306-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Power of Placebos: Should Doctors Become Shamans? 安慰剂的力量：医生应该成为巫师吗？

IF 0.7 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2025.a975521

Steven J Korzeniewski

{"title":"The Power of Placebos: Should Doctors Become Shamans?","authors":"Steven J Korzeniewski","doi":"10.1353/pbm.2025.a975521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2025.a975521","url":null,"abstract":"Jeremy Howick's The Power of Placebos (2023) invites readers to reconsider what counts as \"real\" effects in clinical medicine. The book resists the temptation to delve into the causal interpretation problem and instead asks an interesting question: how should clinicians act, given what's known about mind-body connections and increasing evidence of the importance of patients' beliefs and expectations? Howick argues that rituals, empathy, and meaning can exert biological force and therefore deserve to be studied, taught, and practiced with the same seriousness as drugs and devices. The pragmatic challenge is to design and test multicomponent interventions that harness placebo benefits while minimizing nocebo harm. If realized, the task for modern medicine would be to find new ways of ethically and transparently integrating effective care packages into practice. Doing so could not only help restore trust in medicine but also reclaim space that is too often ceded to unregulated actors and online influencers. While paradoxes and ethical quandaries remain, Howick's proposal merits serious consideration. It may help clinicians fulfill a deeper role in society as empathetic guides who foster healing by helping patients make meaning amid existential uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":54627,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine","volume":"68 4","pages":"627-638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enacting Justice in Community Health Centers. 在社区保健中心实行正义。

IF 0.8 4区医学

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2025.a962030

Johanna T Crane, Carolyn P Neuhaus

引用次数: 0