Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement最新文献_第7页

[Sense of personal identity and focal brain lesions]. [个人认同感与局灶性脑损伤]。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0156

Catherine Morin

{"title":"[Sense of personal identity and focal brain lesions].","authors":"Catherine Morin","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2009.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2009.0156","url":null,"abstract":"The sense of personal identity is an element of the Jasperian definition of self-conscience. Each of us is convinced of being a unique and stable individual, different from other individuals. These properties - stability ad coherence - belong to an image of ourselves that was proposed to us by the Other's look during the mirror phase. Brain focal lesions may threaten this certitude in two ways: 1) brain lesions result in deficiency, disability or handicap, which are experienced as a narcissistic injury. The patient questions himself about the image he offers to the Other's look, and, as a result, his sense of personal identity is unsettled; 2) a variety of focal brain lesions or dysfunctions may alter the activity of areas which are necessary for maintaining a stable image of the patients' body or self. This may lead patients to experience depersonalisation, autoscopy, somatoparaphrenic \"delusions\" or disturbed agency. The sense of personal identity may be disturbed during brief paroxystic or psychologically traumatic phenomena. However, this is not observed in chronic sequelae of brain lesions (e.g. right hemisphere syndrome or amnesic syndrome), even though the patients may present a broken up image of themselves.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"7 1","pages":"21-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2009.0156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28014463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

[Looking at the self under the microscope of cognitive neurosciences: from self-consciousness to consciousness of others]. [在认知神经科学的显微镜下审视自我:从自我意识到他人意识]。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0163

Céline Duval, Béatrice Desgranges, Francis Eustache, Pascale Piolino

{"title":"[Looking at the self under the microscope of cognitive neurosciences: from self-consciousness to consciousness of others].","authors":"Céline Duval, Béatrice Desgranges, Francis Eustache, Pascale Piolino","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2009.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2009.0163","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive neurosciences are interested in the concept of self, resulting from two muddled aspects. This concept relates to both a set of personal complex and multidimensional mental representations about ourselves and the flow of self-consciousness which is associated. It grounds individual identity and is related to the subjectivity of the personal experiences, at the core of continuity over the time. The existence of others seems essential in the construction of self mental representations; that is why the concept of self is strongly related to the theory of mind (ToM). ToM corresponds to the capacity to infer representations or mental states to others. Even if self and ToM researches are often carried out in two distinct fields, it seems like these two concepts share common processes. Recent imaging studies comfort this idea. Activations in a common neuronal network (principally median prefrontal cortex and precuneus) were found during the realization of self or ToM tasks. Thus, our capacity to represent our thoughts and others' one coud have a similar cerebral origin. Self-consciousness and consciousness of others could then be considered as a bidirectional interaction at the very bases of both individual identity and the other's knowledge, which regulate behavior and social interactions.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"7 1","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2009.0163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28014461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

[Processing facial identity and emotional expression in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases]. [正常衰老和神经退行性疾病中面部识别和情绪表达的加工]。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2008.0154

Laurence Chaby, Pauline Narme

{"title":"[Processing facial identity and emotional expression in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases].","authors":"Laurence Chaby, Pauline Narme","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0154","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to recognize facial identity and emotional facial expression is central to social relationships. This paper reviews studies concerning face recognition and emotional facial expression during normal aging as well as in neurodegenerative diseases occurring in the elderly. It focuses on Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal and semantic dementia, and also Parkinson's disease. The results of studies on healthy elderly individuals show subtle alterations in the recognition of facial identity and emotional facial expression from the age of 50 years, and increasing after 70. Studies in neurodegenerative diseases show that - during their initial stages - face recognition and facial expression can be specifically affected. Little has been done to assess these difficulties in clinical practice. They could constitute a useful marker for differential diagnosis, especially for the clinical differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Social difficulties and some behavioural problems observed in these patients may, at least partly, result from these deficits in face processing. Thus, it is important to specify the possible underlying anatomofunctional substrates of these deficits as well as to plan suitable remediation programs.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"7 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2008.0154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28014465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

[Cerebral lateralization and hemispheric interaction in aging: what about dichotic listening?]. 衰老过程中的大脑偏侧化和半球相互作用:二分性听力怎么样?

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0158

Caroline Hommet, Olivier Beauchet, Christine Moroni, Karl Mondon, Danièle Perrier, Gilles Berrut, Thierry Constans

引用次数: 4

[Pharmacogenetics of depression in elderly patients]. 老年抑郁症的药物遗传学研究。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0157

Julie Monnin, Emmanuel Haffen, Daniel Sechter, Pierre Vandel

{"title":"[Pharmacogenetics of depression in elderly patients].","authors":"Julie Monnin, Emmanuel Haffen, Daniel Sechter, Pierre Vandel","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2009.0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2009.0157","url":null,"abstract":"La prise en charge de la pathologie depressive repose sur les medicaments antidepresseurs. Ces medicaments doivent etre toutefois prescrits avec prudence chez les sujets âges du fait du risque d’effets indesirables et d’interactions medicamenteuses chez ces patients soumis frequemment a une polytherapie. En outre, dans un certain nombre de cas, ils connaissent des limites en termes de delai d’action, voire des risques d’inefficacite. Ces risques sont en partie dus a des modifications pharmacocinetiques et pharmacodynamiques. Pour maitriser ces donnees et personnaliser les therapeutiques, il serait souhaitable de pouvoir prendre en compte les caracteristiques individuelles de chaque patient. La pharmacogenetique, qui vise a utiliser l’analyse du genome pour evaluer son implication dans la reponse au traitement (efficacite, delai d’action et effets indesirables) est un des outils de cette adaptation therapeutique. Certains genes-candidats ont deja ete identifies avec des resultats prometteurs, mais tres peu d’etudes ont ete specifiquement dediees aux deprimes âges. Les etudes effectuees chez ces patients, publiees a ce jour, ont analyse l’implication du polymorphisme de genes du metabolisme (CYP2D6) et du transporteur de la serotonine. Les resultats sont encourageants, mais d’autres recherches sont necessaires avant de pouvoir integrer l’analyse pharmacogenetique dans la pratique clinique courante.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"7 1","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2009.0157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28014467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

[Informal care: burden or significant experience?]. [非正式的关怀:负担还是重要的经历?]

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0153

Natalie Rigaux

{"title":"[Informal care: burden or significant experience?].","authors":"Natalie Rigaux","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2009.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2009.0153","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the scientific literature devoted to informal care of demented people has shown two ways of conceiving this form of help. The oldest and dominant one sees caregiving as a burden; the more recent and less frequently reported perceives caregiving as a significant experience for the caregiver but also for the care receiver. This paper will focus on this second perspective, and describe some of the meanings that the care experience can have. On an affective level, caregiving is situated in the context of the relationship history, caregiving being the occasion to foster intimacy. From a cognitive perspective, caregiving plays an important invisible part, which consists in interpreting the care receiver's behaviour, of reflecting on the best way to adjust to it and defining care objectives. Reciprocity will be the last meaning explored, caregiving is seen as a way to give back all what the caregiver has received in the past, a way to continue the exchange with the care receiver. Some conditions must be met for caregiving to be a significant experience, providing the caregiver with the choice of giving without being exhausted by the amount of help required. This posits to recognize the \"dependence work\" allocation as a political question: far from being the exclusive responsibility of the family, help must be shared between formal and informal carers. Together, they will develop a \"reflective practice\", recognizing each partner's specific area of expertise. This will enable families to be able to receive professional help in a way that is more supportive than intrusive. Therefore, the way we look at informal help engenders not only anthropological and ethical questions, but also political challenges.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"7 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2009.0153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28014468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

[We live our lives through change]. 我们在改变中生活。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0162

Christian Derouesné

引用次数: 0

[False memories and aging: age effects on predictive inferences]. 错误记忆和衰老:年龄对预测推理的影响。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2008.0148

Doriane Gras, Hubert Tardieu, Serge Nicolas

{"title":"[False memories and aging: age effects on predictive inferences].","authors":"Doriane Gras, Hubert Tardieu, Serge Nicolas","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0148","url":null,"abstract":"To study false memories in older adults, a lot of experiments used the DRM paradigm (Deese, Roediger et McDermott). Most of the time, the results showed that older adults make more false memories than young adults. To test this hypothesis with a more ecological material, we used a situation of text reading. When we read a text, we activate predictive inferences, which are anticipations of what will happen next. We constructed short texts inducing predictive inferences (represented by a target word not presented) to study false memories in young and older adults. For example, in the text <<Charlotte had her breakfast on the terrace when the bees beat about the bush of jam. She made a movement to move them away but one of them succeeds in being posed on its arm>>, the target word \"sting\" is not presented but represents the predictive inference. After the reading of the texts, we propose to the subjects a restitution task consisting in recalling texts with the first sentence as clue. Then, they made a recognition task composed of target words and lures; they had to say if they remembered having read these words in the texts. In these two tasks, the subjects tended to remember not presented target words, creating false memories. This effect was the same for the two age groups showing that, in an ecological situation like text reading, older persons make as many false memories as young adults.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"299-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

[Can overestimating one's own capacities of action lead to fall? A study on the perception of affordance in the elderly]. 高估自己的行动能力会导致失败吗?老年人供给感知的研究[j]。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2008.0149

Marion Luyat, Delphine Domino, Myriam Noël

{"title":"[Can overestimating one's own capacities of action lead to fall? A study on the perception of affordance in the elderly].","authors":"Marion Luyat, Delphine Domino, Myriam Noël","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0149","url":null,"abstract":"Falls are frequent in the elderly and account for medical complications and loss of autonomy. Affordance, a concept proposed by Gibson, can help to understand a possible cause of falls. An affordance is defined as a potentiality of action offered by the environment in relation with both the properties of this environment and the properties of the organism. Most of our daily activities reflect a perfect adjustment between the perception of these potentialities of action and our actual action abilities. In other words, we correctly perceive affordances. However, in the elderly, postural abilities are reduced and equilibration is more unstable. Thus, some falls could result from a misperception of the affordances of posturability. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that cognitive overestimation of real postural abilities in the elderly may cause falls. There would be a gap between what the old subjects believe to be able to do and what they actually can do. Fifteen young adults (mean age = 24 years) and fifteen older adults (mean age = 72 years) had to judge if they were able to stand upright on an inclined surface. The exploration of the inclined surface was made in two conditions: visually and also by haptics (without vision with a cane). In a second part, we measured their real postural stance on the inclined surface. The results show that the perceptual judgments were not different among old and young people. However, as expected, the old subjects had lower postural boundaries than the younger. They could stand on lower inclinations of the surface. These results show an involution of the perception of the affordances in aging. They support the hypothesis of a cognitive overestimation of action abilities in the elderly, possibly due to a difficulty to actualize the new limits for action.","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"287-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

[Aging and routinization: a review]. [老龄化与常规化:综述]。

Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2008.0144

Valérie Bergua, Jean Bouisson

引用次数: 9