Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement最新文献

{"title":"[Three psychosociological approaches of ageing. Identity, social categorization and social representations].","authors":"Pascal Moliner,&nbsp;Michèle Ivan-Rey,&nbsp;Julien Vidal","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to social psychology, the relationship between the subject and his environment is constantly mediatized by the interaction with others. This article presents a set of researches on ageing which adopt this epistemological approach. A first part is dedicated to studies which focus on the identity of the old subjects. The second part presents works that are devoted to social categorization of the aged. Finally, the third part is dedicated to researches on social representations of the aged. With no claim to exhaustiveness, this paper underlines the interest of a psychosocial approach of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"245-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Idiopathic transient global amnesia].","authors":"Olivier Véran,&nbsp;Marie Barré,&nbsp;Olivier Casez,&nbsp;Laurent Vercueil","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a severe disturbance of memory, occurring rapidly, lasting less than a day and mainly affecting elderly subjects. During its acute phase, it is characterized by a severe anterograde amnesia, partial retrograde amnesia and anxiety with repetition of the same questions. The diagnosis is purely based on patient's clinical features. Complimentary examinations are only requested when atypical symptoms are present. The pathophysiology of TGA remains unknown, but it appears to be related to transient disturbances of the perfusion and oxygenation of the hippocampal structures, following a precipitating factor (stress, effort...). Spontaneous recovery is usual in less than 24 hours and without sequelae. Relapse is rare. Nevertheless, TGA represents a psychological traumatism pathology for the patients and their family.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"265-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Wandering in dementia].","authors":"Denise Strubel,&nbsp;Mariana Corti","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wandering is a frequent behavior disorder in demented patients. However, it remains ill defined and insufficiently studied. It is characterized by repeated, prolonged and sometimes compulsive need to walk, with or without aim. Its frequency increases with the severity of dementia among institutionalized subjects and Alzheimer's disease patients. It may result in severe consequences for the patient who may get lost, become exhausted and suffer from traumas. It also represents a burden for patient's family and care providers, especially in case of running away. Multiple hypotheses may be formulated to explain this symptom, going from an occupational or automatic activity to a finalized activity, inscribed into the subject's mental life. The badly codified treatment requires sometimes medications (modest effect of low-doses antipsychotic drugs), but it is mainly based on varied and multiple non-medicinal approaches. Unfortunately, these ones are insufficiently assessed. More studies are needed to bring out a better definition of wandering, and improve its analysis, comprehension and the assessment of its caring.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"259-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prospective memory in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"Estelle Eusop-Roussel,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Ergis","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remembering to implement intented activities such as remembering to take medications is referred to as prospective memory (PM). Studies on aging and PM show important variations in the magnitude of the effect of age. One explanation, derived from the multiprocess framework, proposes that age differences depend on retrieval processing. It is thought to be automatic for event-based PM tasks by contrast to self-initiated processing for time-based PM tasks. Older adults generally perform worse than younger ones in laboratory tasks. PM tasks show pronounced age-related deficits, particularly in tasks demanding high level of controlled strategies (e.g. in time-based tasks versus in event-based tasks or, in low salience cue condition versus high salience cue condition in event-based tasks). However, age differences in PM tasks settings differ substantially across studies: some of them show that older adults perform as well as younger ones in event-based PM tasks, especially in ecological ones. Developmental psychologists have investigated this topic, and suggested that several factors could potentially be responsible for the age-related differences observed in MP. These differences could be related to the characteristics of PM cues (e.g. the strength of the association between PM cues and intended actions), the complexity or demands of the ongoing task, or the involvement of planning processes, in other words, the involvement of executive functions. PM deficits are important in mild Alzheimer's disease, even more important than episodic memory or executive functions deficits. This article presents a critical review of cognitive and neuropsychological studies that examined whether these factors or other partly mediate the older adults deficits in prospective memory, which are more important than those observed in episodic memory. The variability of results between studies points to the concept complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"277-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Regulation of memory and behavior in aging].","authors":"Christian Derouesné","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 4","pages":"233-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27904865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in patients before and after 80 years of age].","authors":"Jean-Philippe Brandel,&nbsp;Dominique Salomon,&nbsp;Jean-Jacques Hauw,&nbsp;Stéhane Haïk,&nbsp;Annick Alpérovitch","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequency of sporadic CJD is maximum in the 70 to 79 years age group and decreases later. Clinical signs of CJD after the age of 80 do not differ from those before 80 excepted for myoclonia and cerebellar symptoms that are less frequently observed. The results of surrogate markers, neuropathological and biochemical examinations are comparable before or after 80 years old. This last result suggests that the causal event of the disease, potentially the conversion of PrP(c) into PrP(sc), is not qualitatively regulated by brain aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"219-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Self-esteem in the elderly].","authors":"Daniel Alaphilippe","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-esteem is an important aspect of the adaptive processes at all stages of life, but especially in older adults. It is linked to the quality of adaptation, well-being, life satisfaction and health. Self-esteem is not related to chronological age, but to the people's quality of social integration and adaptive capacities to cope with life events, including physical and cognitive decline. Thus the aging process does not necessarily results in self-esteem decrease, regardless of the decline in many areas of mental activity. Measures of the self-esteem and interpretation of the pertaining results vary according to various theoretical models. However, the sociocognitive strategies at play for maintaining a high level of self-esteem should be stressed. Social psychology has shown the importance of the Others in such a regulation through group belonging, or psychological processes such as social comparison or causal attribution. Such a perspective underlines the importance of social and institutional environment for the regulation of a positive self-value and hence the interest of taking into account the self-esteem construct while taking with older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"167-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diabetes mellitus and cognition: is there a link?].","authors":"Zina Barrou,&nbsp;Aurélie Lemaire,&nbsp;Jacques Boddaert,&nbsp;Marc Verny","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of diabetes and dementia is very high in older patients. The fact that both conditions are concurrent raises the question of a possible link between the two. Cognitive functions of non-demented patients with diabetes have been extensively studied. In type 1 diabetes, only a mild decrease of the speed of information processing and of the psychomotor efficiency has been shown. Cognitive decline seems to be related to poor metabolic control and not to hypoglycaemia. In older patients with type 2 diabetes, memory and executive functions have been found impaired. Longitudinal studies of the literature have shown that diabetic patients have a higher chance of developing dementia than non-diabetic patient, with a relative risk (RR) between 1.26 and 2.83. The risk of vascular dementia was increased in 3 out of 5 studies, with a RR ranging between 2 and 2.6. With regard to Alzheimer's disease, the results are conflicting. Half of the studies found an increased risk in diabetic patients (RR: 1.3-2). The possible causal mechanisms of dementia in diabetic patients remain hypothetical. MRI studies showed varying degrees of cortical atrophy, cerebral infarcts and deep white matter lesions. In neuropathological studies, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangle were not found with higher severity in the brain of diabetic patients than in the brain of age-matched controls. Several hypotheses have been raised to explain the relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline. Micro and macrovascular changes in the brain could induce cerebral hypoxia and ischemic conditions resulting in cellular death or white matter lesions. The occurrence of vascular lesions might reduce the threshold at which dementia will occur in Alzheimer disease. The deposition of advanced glycation end products doesn't spare the brain and they have been found in senile plaques, where they can reduce the solubility of proteins such as the beta amyloid and Tau proteins. Some authors favour the hypothesis of a brain insulin resistance because, in a few small studies, insulin was found to improve memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"189-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2008.0136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Editorial. Social interaction].","authors":"Christian Derouesné","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"165-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementias (continuation)].","authors":"Christian Derouesné","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27717730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}