{"title":"[Addictions and aging].","authors":"Hélène De Brucq, Isabelle Vital","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most frequent addictions observed in the elderly are alcoholism and therapeutic drug abuse, due to the psychic and physical vulnerability associated with age. First, the impact of aging to addiction is presented from epidemiologic data. Somatic and neuropsychiatric complications, interaction between addiction and mental illnesses, and therapeutic approach are detailed. In the second part, the psychopathological basis likely to support the addictive conduit occurring in old age is explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"177-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Non-verbal communication in Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"Loris Tamara Schiaratura","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review underlines the importance of non-verbal communication in Alzheimer's disease. A social psychological perspective of communication is privileged. Non-verbal behaviors such as looks, head nods, hand gestures, body posture or facial expression provide a lot of information about interpersonal attitudes, behavioral intentions, and emotional experiences. Therefore they play an important role in the regulation of interaction between individuals. Non-verbal communication is effective in Alzheimer's disease even in the late stages. Patients still produce non-verbal signals and are responsive to others. Nevertheless, few studies have been devoted to the social factors influencing the non-verbal exchange. Misidentification and misinterpretation of behaviors may have negative consequences for the patients. Thus, improving the comprehension of and the response to non-verbal behavior would increase first the quality of the interaction, then the physical and psychological well-being of patients and that of caregivers. The role of non-verbal behavior in social interactions should be approached from an integrative and functional point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"183-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/pnv.2008.0140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stéphanie Cartalat-Carel, Natalia Leston, François Ducray, Véronique Rogemond, Jérôme Honnorat
{"title":"[Limbic encephalitis. A misdiagnosed syndrome].","authors":"Stéphanie Cartalat-Carel, Natalia Leston, François Ducray, Véronique Rogemond, Jérôme Honnorat","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) display various disorders including anterograde amnesia, mood disturbances (irritability, agitation or pseudo-depressive symptoms) and epilepsy, often partial but sometimes generalized, and rapidely progressive course. On account of the variability of the initial symptoms, limbic encephalitis is clearly under-diagnosed and often misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis. From a pathophysiological point of view, two types of LE can be identified. First, LE associated with antibodies directed against an intracellular neuronal antigen. They correspond to the traditional paraneoplastic LE, and are characterized by a weak response to treatment even when the causal tumor is treated. Second, LE associated with antibodies directed against antigens present on cellular membranes. These LE can be paraneoplastic or idiopathic, and present a better response to immunological treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"209-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Pierre Jedynak, Evelyne Diarra, Marc Verny
{"title":"[Tremor in the elderly].","authors":"Charles Pierre Jedynak, Evelyne Diarra, Marc Verny","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The various causes of tremor are considered by order of prevalence in the elderly. 1) Essential tremor occurs in 5% of the population beyond 65 years of age. It is characterized by a tremor accompanying muscle activity, and interesting, when complete, the two upper limbs, the head and the voice, with variable degree of severity. Its progression is very slow. The diagnostic criteria are only clinical, but require ruling out iatrogenic and metabolic causes. 2) Tremor in Parkinson's disease is opposed point by point to essential tremor. However, confusion may occur due to some intermediate clinical situations. In these cases, pharmacology or DaTSCAN data can help to distinguish between the two conditions. 3) Other causes are considered, giving the priority to practical and therapeutic aspects. The psychological consequences of tremor should be taken into account to improve the quality of life of patients with tremor. Terms which stigmatize, such as senile tremor, or terms which minimize the relational and social consequences of tremor, such as benign tremor, should be discarded.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 3","pages":"199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27670701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Neuropathic pain in the elderly].","authors":"Gisèle Pickering, Françoise Capriz-Ribière","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathic pain is characterized by a heavier intensity and a longer duration than in non-neuropathic chronic pain. Its frequency is estimated around 9% of the population aged 65 years and over. Diabetes, shingles, cancer, surgery, radiculopathies or stroke are frequent in elderly and may lead to neuropathic pain. It's treatment is a real challenge in elderly. Beside the difficulties of pain evaluation and choice of a therapeutic strategy, intercurrent diseases associated with aging and polymedication require a complex drug treatment. The leading role of cognition, emotion, physical activity for autonomy preservation, and the dynamic interaction between these domains in the old, oldest old and most fragile persons, imply that any pharmacological treatment must be integrated into a non-pharmacological approach. However, very few studies has been specifically devoted to neuropathic pain in elderly. Epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials are necessary to optimize pain treatment and could result in polymodal therapeutic strategies, which until now only are evidence-based or intuitively developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 2","pages":"107-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27503969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The psychic dynamics in advanced old age].","authors":"Pierre Charazac","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced old age is first approached according to mournings, dependency and traumatisms, by emphasizing normal and pathological defences of the ego, from functional denial until psychotic mechanisms and psychosomatic states.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 2","pages":"91-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27503967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grégoria Kalpouzos, Francis Eustache, Béatrice Desgranges
{"title":"[Cognitive reserve and neural networks in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"Grégoria Kalpouzos, Francis Eustache, Béatrice Desgranges","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 1990s, functional neuroimaging studies on normal and pathological aging showed the involvement of different patterns of activation in comparison with control populations, such as increased frontal activity. These differences have been interpreted as reflecting the implementation of compensatory processes. Confronted to age-related or pathological brain changes, alternative neural networks would be used to perform cognitive tasks. Besides, a rather important variability has been reported in old individuals. This variability concerns not only their cognitive capacities, but also the involvement of different neural pathways according to their performance. This variability could result from differences in cognitive reserve, which can be defined as the capability of an individual to cope with a task in order to optimize his/her performance by the recruitment of different neural networks and/or by using alternative cognitive strategies. The notion of cognitive reserve is very recent and, due to its complexity, is still not well-defined. The main aims of this review are to clarify this notion by summing up the various factors participating in cognitive reserve, to estimate its impact on memory, and to link it with the brain modifications reported in the literature regarding normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, from a clinical point of view, we suggest to take into account the notion of cognitive reserve during the neuropsychological evaluation of neurodegenerative diseases in the upcoming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27503968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascal Menecier, Alexis Girard, Bénédicte Bernard, Laure Menecier-Ossia, Sandrine Pellissier-Plattier, Ali Afifi, Louis Ploton
{"title":"[Acute alcoholic intoxication in subjects over 75 years of age: a clinical situation far to be uncommon].","authors":"Pascal Menecier, Alexis Girard, Bénédicte Bernard, Laure Menecier-Ossia, Sandrine Pellissier-Plattier, Ali Afifi, Louis Ploton","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute ethylic intoxication (AEI) or alcoholic drunkenness is not only a youth-specific disorder. It also occurs at advanced ages of life. Diagnosis is not easy, at times made in excess, but more often underestimated, then leading to the negligence of a risk situation and suffering. AEI represents about 3% of all hospitalizations. In 2005, 973 alcohol tests taken at the hospital of Mâcon (France) were positive. The rates ranged from 0.10 g/L to 6.26 g/L (m = 2.06 +/- 1,18). 41 subjects were aged over 75 (5%). The alcohol rates found were lower after 75 years (1.34 +/- 1.1 g/L) than before 75 years (2.11 +/- 2,1; p<0,001). Subjects were referred to the Emergency unit for a fall in 61% of the cases, and dizziness in 34%. Among the aged subjects, 30% received external care and 70% were hospitalized. According to the DSM-IV, misuse of alcohol was found in 87% of subjects (abuse in 67%, addiction in 20%) and temperance in 13%. Drinking alcohol is not a pathology in itself. However, if it causes suffering or has negative consequences on health or lifestyle, care is required. Aging doesn't change anything to this reality. AEI, in truth, requires even more specific care and attention, in the elders.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 2","pages":"129-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27501601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Psychomotor retardation associated to depression differs from that of normal aging].","authors":"Sylvie Bonin-Guillaume, Thierry Hasbroucq, Olivier Blin","doi":"10.1684/pnv.2008.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2008.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychomotor retardation (PMR) is a main symptom of depressive illness. In the elderly, it is associated with the severity of depression and poor prognosis. However, PMR is also commonly associated with normal aging, Therefore, depressive PMR is frequently misinterpreted as the age-related slowing in the elderly, which contributes to poor recognition of depression. Moreover, neurobiological and neuroanatomical studies on PMR hardly allowed to discriminate geriatric depression from normal aging. Reaction time experiments have rarely been tested in elderly population although they are particularly suited for examining PMR. We performed two reaction time experiments using an additive factor analysis in healthy and depressed old individuals with the hypothesis that PMR associated to depression differed from that of normal aging. Results showed that age-related PMR affected all stages of central nervous system information processing, while PMR associated with depression is limited to the components of response-selection and motor-adjustment. These results clearly show that PMR in geriatric depression differed from the age related slowing. Depression also spares stimulus preprocessing in old individuals as it did in younger adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":54537,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement","volume":"6 2","pages":"137-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27501602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
