[非正式的关怀:负担还是重要的经历?]

Natalie Rigaux
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引用次数: 13

摘要

一篇关于对痴呆症患者的非正式护理的科学文献综述显示了两种理解这种形式的帮助的方式。年龄最大、占主导地位的一方将照顾他人视为一种负担;最近和较少报道的认为照顾是一个重要的经验,为照顾者,但也为照顾者。本文将侧重于第二种观点,并描述一些意义,护理经验可以有。在情感层面上,照顾是处于关系历史的背景下,照顾是促进亲密关系的机会。从认知的角度来看,照顾起着重要的无形作用,包括解释照顾者的行为,反思适应它的最佳方式和确定照顾目标。互惠将是最后一个探索的意义,照顾被视为一种回馈照顾者过去所得到的一切的方式,一种继续与照顾者交流的方式。必须满足一些条件,才能使照顾成为一种有意义的经历,为照顾者提供给予的选择,而不会因所需的帮助数量而疲惫不堪。这意味着承认“依赖性工作”的分配是一个政治问题:远非家庭的独家责任,必须由正式和非正式的照顾者共同提供帮助。他们将共同开发一种“反思实践”,认识到每个合作伙伴的特定专业领域。这将使家庭能够以一种更支持性而不是侵入性的方式获得专业帮助。因此,我们看待非正式帮助的方式不仅会产生人类学和伦理学问题,还会带来政治挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Informal care: burden or significant experience?].

A review of the scientific literature devoted to informal care of demented people has shown two ways of conceiving this form of help. The oldest and dominant one sees caregiving as a burden; the more recent and less frequently reported perceives caregiving as a significant experience for the caregiver but also for the care receiver. This paper will focus on this second perspective, and describe some of the meanings that the care experience can have. On an affective level, caregiving is situated in the context of the relationship history, caregiving being the occasion to foster intimacy. From a cognitive perspective, caregiving plays an important invisible part, which consists in interpreting the care receiver's behaviour, of reflecting on the best way to adjust to it and defining care objectives. Reciprocity will be the last meaning explored, caregiving is seen as a way to give back all what the caregiver has received in the past, a way to continue the exchange with the care receiver. Some conditions must be met for caregiving to be a significant experience, providing the caregiver with the choice of giving without being exhausted by the amount of help required. This posits to recognize the "dependence work" allocation as a political question: far from being the exclusive responsibility of the family, help must be shared between formal and informal carers. Together, they will develop a "reflective practice", recognizing each partner's specific area of expertise. This will enable families to be able to receive professional help in a way that is more supportive than intrusive. Therefore, the way we look at informal help engenders not only anthropological and ethical questions, but also political challenges.

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