错误记忆和衰老:年龄对预测推理的影响。

Doriane Gras, Hubert Tardieu, Serge Nicolas
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引用次数: 1

摘要

为了研究老年人的错误记忆,许多实验使用了DRM范式(Deese, Roediger和McDermott)。大多数时候,结果显示,老年人比年轻人产生更多的错误记忆。为了用更生态的材料来检验这一假设,我们使用了文本阅读的情况。当我们阅读一篇文章时,我们会激活预测性推理,这是对接下来会发生什么的预测。为了研究年轻人和老年人的错误记忆,我们构建了短文本诱导预测性推理(由未呈现的目标单词表示)。例如,在文本>中,目标单词“sting”没有出现,而是代表了预测推理。在阅读文本后,我们建议受试者以第一句为线索回忆文本。然后,他们做了一个由目标词和诱饵组成的识别任务;他们必须说出是否记得在课文中读过这些单词。在这两个任务中,受试者倾向于记住没有出现的目标单词,从而产生错误记忆。这一效应在两个年龄组中是相同的,这表明,在像阅读文本这样的生态环境中,老年人产生的错误记忆与年轻人一样多。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[False memories and aging: age effects on predictive inferences].

To study false memories in older adults, a lot of experiments used the DRM paradigm (Deese, Roediger et McDermott). Most of the time, the results showed that older adults make more false memories than young adults. To test this hypothesis with a more ecological material, we used a situation of text reading. When we read a text, we activate predictive inferences, which are anticipations of what will happen next. We constructed short texts inducing predictive inferences (represented by a target word not presented) to study false memories in young and older adults. For example, in the text <>, the target word "sting" is not presented but represents the predictive inference. After the reading of the texts, we propose to the subjects a restitution task consisting in recalling texts with the first sentence as clue. Then, they made a recognition task composed of target words and lures; they had to say if they remembered having read these words in the texts. In these two tasks, the subjects tended to remember not presented target words, creating false memories. This effect was the same for the two age groups showing that, in an ecological situation like text reading, older persons make as many false memories as young adults.

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