[Can overestimating one's own capacities of action lead to fall? A study on the perception of affordance in the elderly].

Marion Luyat, Delphine Domino, Myriam Noël
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Falls are frequent in the elderly and account for medical complications and loss of autonomy. Affordance, a concept proposed by Gibson, can help to understand a possible cause of falls. An affordance is defined as a potentiality of action offered by the environment in relation with both the properties of this environment and the properties of the organism. Most of our daily activities reflect a perfect adjustment between the perception of these potentialities of action and our actual action abilities. In other words, we correctly perceive affordances. However, in the elderly, postural abilities are reduced and equilibration is more unstable. Thus, some falls could result from a misperception of the affordances of posturability. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that cognitive overestimation of real postural abilities in the elderly may cause falls. There would be a gap between what the old subjects believe to be able to do and what they actually can do. Fifteen young adults (mean age = 24 years) and fifteen older adults (mean age = 72 years) had to judge if they were able to stand upright on an inclined surface. The exploration of the inclined surface was made in two conditions: visually and also by haptics (without vision with a cane). In a second part, we measured their real postural stance on the inclined surface. The results show that the perceptual judgments were not different among old and young people. However, as expected, the old subjects had lower postural boundaries than the younger. They could stand on lower inclinations of the surface. These results show an involution of the perception of the affordances in aging. They support the hypothesis of a cognitive overestimation of action abilities in the elderly, possibly due to a difficulty to actualize the new limits for action.

高估自己的行动能力会导致失败吗?老年人供给感知的研究[j]。
老年人经常跌倒,导致医疗并发症和丧失自主性。能动,吉布森提出的一个概念,可以帮助理解跌倒的可能原因。可得性被定义为环境提供的一种潜在的行动,这种行动与环境的性质和有机体的性质有关。我们的大多数日常活动都反映了对这些潜在行动的感知和我们实际行动能力之间的完美调整。换句话说,我们正确地感知了启示。然而,在老年人中,姿势能力下降,平衡更不稳定。因此,一些跌倒可能是由于对姿势性的认知错误。我们研究的目的是验证一个假设,即对老年人真实姿势能力的认知高估可能导致跌倒。老受试者相信自己能做的和他们实际能做的之间会有一个差距。15名年轻人(平均年龄= 24岁)和15名老年人(平均年龄= 72岁)必须判断他们是否能够站在倾斜的表面上。斜面的探索是在两种情况下进行的:视觉和触觉(没有手杖的视觉)。在第二部分中,我们测量了他们在倾斜表面上的真实姿势。结果表明,老年人和年轻人的知觉判断没有差异。然而,正如预期的那样,老年受试者的姿势边界比年轻人低。他们可以站在地势较低的地方。这些结果显示了对衰老的启示的感知的退化。他们支持对老年人行动能力的认知高估的假设,可能是由于难以实现新的行动限制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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