Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Electroencephalographic and cognitive task analysis of working memory and attention in athletes: A systematic review","authors":"Pedro Delgado ,&nbsp;Pedro Passos ,&nbsp;Francisco Tavares ,&nbsp;Hugo Alexandre Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to systematically review the current research on the cognitive ability of athletes, specifically, in working memory, attention, problem-solving and decision-making tasks. The objective was to examine the differences in cognitive abilities between athletes and non-athletes, and between athletes from different sports. To this end, a search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for original articles published before November 28th, 2023, that used electroencephalography (EEG) in sports or with athletes engaged in at least moderate-intensity activities, evaluated healthy adults or children through case-control studies, and analyzed at least one of four cognitive tasks (working memory, attention, problem-solving and decision-making). The risk of bias and quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The following results were extracted from the included studies: population; publishing year; type of sport; type of controls (athletes or general population); cognitive task results; brain wave frequencies analyzed; and brain wave components analyzed. Following the review of 697 studies, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported that athletes outperformed controls in cognitive tasks, both in terms of accuracy and reaction time. Individual sports showed better performances, and martial arts and boxing showed good reaction times but poor accuracies. Increased cortical activity was also observed in athletes when compared with controls. Despite some limitations – primarily the number of studies performing sport-specific tasks or comparing the athletes with less experienced counterparts - results indicate a clear over-performance in cognitive tasks by athletes compared to controls, as well as definitive cognitive differences between different sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a memory-based automated system for skillful performance through cognitive, neurophysiological, and behavioral adaptations in motor learning: A new hypothesis","authors":"Narges Abdoli,&nbsp;Alireza Saberi Kakhki","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The fundamental mechanisms underlying skilled and automated behavior remain poorly understood; to uncover these underlying mechanisms, we examined cognitive structures, alpha power, alpha connectivity, and motor performance outcomes in three groups of golfers: inexperienced (<em>n</em> = 15), less experienced (<em>n</em> = 15), and experienced (<em>n</em> = 15).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cognitive structures were analyzed using SDA-M software, while EEG data provided insights into alpha power and neural connectivity. Motor performance was evaluated through accuracy metrics (Mean Radial Error) and consistency measures (Bivariate Variable Error).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings reveal that experienced golfers possess significantly more complex cognitive structures than their less experienced counterparts. Moreover, neurophysiological data indicated that experienced golfers exhibited higher alpha power and connectivity in the frontal, central, and parietal regions than less experienced golfers (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). Additionally, experienced golfers committed significantly fewer motor performance errors (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The results of this study, backed by extensive literature, suggest that cognitive, neurophysiological, and behavioral adaptations in motor learning develop a memory-based automated motor control system that underlies skilled and automated behavior. This research provides a holistic and integrated framework that enhances our understanding of skillful and automatic behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing sports to shape attention: enhanced feature-based selective attention in invasion sports players","authors":"Luca Bovolon ,&nbsp;Simona Perrone ,&nbsp;Carlotta Lega ,&nbsp;Luisa Girelli ,&nbsp;Simone Mattavelli ,&nbsp;Marco A. Petilli","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged engagement in sports that place high demands on cognitive functions may result in perceptual and cognitive enhancements. However, empirical evidence on the effect of sport-specific constraints on attentional mechanisms remains limited. Here, we address this gap with two experiments that examine how cognitive demands posed by different sports (invasion and non-invasion) affect two subcomponents of selective attention – feature-based (FBA) and spatial-based (SBA). In Experiment 1, 20 invasion sport athletes and 20 gender-matched controls completed a visual search task and a flanker task to assess FBA and SBA, respectively. Our results showed that invasion sports athletes exhibit enhanced task-specific feature-based attentional skills in the initial stages of the visual search task. Conversely, no group differences emerged in the flanker task, suggesting that invasion sports practice effect is specific to FBA rather than to general selective attention. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether this effect was related to sport type. To do so, we replicated Experiment 1 with 22 non-invasion sport athletes and 23 gender-matched controls. The results did not reveal any group difference in measures of FBA and SBA. These findings indicate that invasion sports practice selectively enhances FBA, suggesting that sport-specific cognitive demands shape and refine cognitive abilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giving voice to high-performance sports coaches to spotlight their perceptions of psychological well-being","authors":"Faye F. Didymus ,&nbsp;Alexandra J. Potts","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance sports coaches work in achievement-oriented environments that have the potential to enhance or undermine psychological well-being (PWB). Despite context-specific understanding of PWB being important, we know little about what PWB means to high-performance coaches and have minimal understanding of how to help coaches and governing bodies to nourish and protect PWB. Underpinned by our constructivist paradigm and our relativist and subjectivist onto-epistemological stance, we worked with eight high-performance sports coaches to: 1) qualitatively explore what PWB means to high-performance coaches to generate new understanding of the fundamentally important elements of their PWB and 2) build a clearer picture of factors that facilitate and or inhibit coaches' PWB. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we constructed six themes from data collected via semi-structured interviews: 1) from balance to self-awareness: PWB means something different to everyone; 2) curiosity fuels development of self and others, which builds PWB; 3) enjoyment of coaching and escapism from it sustain PWB; 4) being surrounded by good people and seeing them achieve are routes to happiness; 5) coaching can feel like being “stuck in the trenches” whilst waiting to be found out as a fraud; and 6) boundary management is a form of self-preservation that protects PWB. These findings give voice to high-performance sports coaches' understanding of PWB, help to develop an evidence base from which individualized interventions can be developed, and promote the need for systemic changes in sport that will help coaches to live well and be well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Team cognition (TC) in sport: Foundations, development, and performance implications","authors":"Omer Eldadi,&nbsp;Gershon Tenenbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review synthesizes research on Team Cognition (TC) in sports, examining how these collective cognitive frameworks enable coordinated performance in high-stakes environments. TC facilitates team effectiveness by providing shared knowledge of tasks, roles, and interaction patterns, enabling implicit coordination when time constraints prohibit explicit communication. Tracing the evolution from cognitive psychology foundations to contemporary applications, we integrate theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence across five interconnected dimensions: cognitive, emotional, neurological, social, and developmental. Our analysis spans multiple sport contexts, including basketball, volleyball, soccer, and emerging domains like esports, while drawing complementary insights from military and performing arts settings. The proposed conceptual framework illustrates how TC develop through the interplay between deliberate practice and structured communication, operating through task-related and team-related pathways that enhance coordination, anticipatory capabilities, and team cohesion. The integrative approach clarifies conceptual distinctions between related team cognition constructs and identifies critical knowledge gaps, advancing understanding of how TC contribute to improved performance outcomes. The review concludes by proposing future research directions in developmental trajectories, technological integration, virtual team dynamics, neuroscientific foundations, and applied interventions, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners seeking to enhance team performance in sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effortful self-control as a potential target for physical activity maintenance","authors":"Jonathon R. Bourque ,&nbsp;Anthony G. Delli Paoli ,&nbsp;Edward A. Selby ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Perdue ,&nbsp;Luke G. Poole ,&nbsp;Amber H. Sarwani ,&nbsp;Brandon L. Alderman","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustaining physical activity is essential for long-term health benefits, yet most theory-driven interventions often show only short-lived effects. The reliance on effortful self-control may be critical for promoting behavioral maintenance and explaining why autonomous motivation and habit support long-term engagement in physical activity. This investigation was cross-sectional and examined whether effortful self-control is associated with physical activity behavior (Study 1) and whether it mediates the associations between autonomous motivation and habit with physical activity (Study 2). We also tested whether temptations mediate the associations between autonomous motivation and habit with effortful self-control. In Study 1, 897 adults completed a single-item measure of effortful self-control and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In Study 2, 603 adults completed multi-item measures of effortful self-control, autonomous motivation, habit, and temptations, along with self-reported MVPA. In Study 1, higher effortful self-control was associated with lower MVPA, <em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −.56, 95 % CI [-.61, −.51]. This association was replicated in Study 2, <em>r</em>_<em>s</em> = −.51, 95 % CI [-.58, −.44]. Mediation analyses showed that the relationships between autonomous motivation and habit with MVPA have a significant indirect effect through effortful self-control. Additionally, temptations partially mediated the associations between both motivational constructs and effortful self-control. These findings provide preliminary support for the role of effortful self-control as a psychological process linking autonomous motivation and habit with physical activity behavior. Reducing the amount of effortful self-control for physical activity, by strengthening motivation for physical activity and weakening temptations, may be a promising strategy to support sustained engagement in physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of chronic exercise interventions on executive function in healthy older adults and optimal training characteristics: A systematic review based on randomized controlled trials","authors":"Chih-Chien Lin ,&nbsp;Shih-Chun Kao ,&nbsp;Ting-Yu Chueh ,&nbsp;Tsung-Min Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an aging society, mitigating cognitive decline is a critical challenge. However, reviews on exercise effects and optimal parameters for healthy older adults remain limited. This systematic review evaluated the effects of chronic exercise interventions on executive function in healthy older adults. Following PRISMA guidelines, we registered the review with PROSPERO (CRD42024618878) and searched Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and other sources for studies published before December 2024. We included randomized controlled trials involving adults aged ≥60, with pre- and post-intervention executive function measures, comparing chronic exercise with non-exercise controls. Studies involving physical or neurological conditions or acute interventions were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed via Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Data synthesis followed the PICOS framework, with narrative and quantitative summaries. A total of 76 studies (<em>n</em> = 7101; 69 % female) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 71 % (54/76) showed significant improvements in executive function. Aerobic, resistance, and coordination exercises had similar effects (64 %–71 %). Optimal parameters included short session duration (≤45 min), high frequency (5–7/week), long-term duration (25–48 weeks), and vigorous intensity. High adherence appeared to enhance outcomes. These findings support chronic exercise as an effective strategy to improve executive function in healthy older adults and highlight the importance of exercise type, dosage, and adherence in promoting healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Video Assistant Referee (VAR) a disadvantage for the strong and a protection for the weak? The case of Turkish Super League","authors":"Ümit Kuvvetli ,&nbsp;Esin Firuzan ,&nbsp;Ali Riza Firuzan","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Video Assistant Referee (VAR) is a technology that has been used in various national and international organizations since 2018 to minimize the effect of critical decisions made by referees during the match on outcome of the game. The main purpose of this system is to ensure justice, and this study aims to investigate the effect of VAR in matches played between strong teams and weak teams. For this purpose, the data of a total of 3329 matches (pre-VAR, 4 seasons and 1224 matches and after-VAR, 6 seasons, 2105 matches) played in the Turkish Super League, where the teams called the Big 4 are in a very strong position (economic, media, number of fans, etc.) compared to other teams, were analyzed. The results of the study, in which various statistical comparison analyses, multiple ordinal regression and relative odds ratio values are used, show that the home advantage of the Big 4 decreased after VAR and contrary to the literature, the home advantage of the weaker teams increased. Moreover, it is found that the home advantage decreases more in derby matches compared to other matches. The results of the study clearly show that VAR has a different effect on matches with different characteristics. The results of the research can help to better understand the effect of VAR on professional football and may also help referees to optimize their refereeing strategy in matches between teams of different strengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity identity as an axis of dual process motivation and self-regulation processes: Current evidence and future research directions","authors":"Ryan E. Rhodes ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Rebar ,&nbsp;Shaelyn Strachan","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular physical activity (PA) has considerable health, social, and environmental benefits, yet many people participate in less PA than recommended. Understanding the factors driving PA participation is critical for promotion. Many theoretical approaches, across several traditions, have been applied to understand and change PA with modest success, demonstrating room for theoretical innovation. The purpose of this critical review was to overview the application of identity theory, as one potential domain of theoretical innovation for understanding and changing PA, while emphasizing several pertinent areas to advance theoretical and applied research. Contemporary evidence shows that the relationship between PA identity and behavior is sizeable, and comparable to many of the most well-researched PA correlates (e.g., intention, self-efficacy, habit). PA identity and behavior also covary over time, and the dual-process and self-regulatory control system often proposed for how identity may drive PA has preliminary support. Despite this evidence, we suggest that refined testing of the identity control system with a particular emphasis on the affect-behavior connection is needed. Research on the forms of motivation (automatic, reflective) and self-regulation processes that drive this system also require more research, which may benefit from refinement of measurement of identity and its associated processes, including applications in real time (e.g., ecological momentary assessment). Integration of PA identity into a cohesive model and/or within well-established PA theories is still needed, and advancing our understanding and effectiveness of PA identity change through interventions should be an ongoing research direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How tough should the love be? The effect of varying levels of descriptive norm feedback on performance and maximum heart rate during an exercise task","authors":"Gabrielle Guillermo-Tregoning ,&nbsp;Mark Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing evidence suggests that manipulations of descriptive norms—perceptions of the typical behaviours of others—can affect people’s exertion and performance during exercise tasks. However, no research has systematically varied the extent to which people are told they are below the norm with a view to understanding how this aspect of norm feedback affects the strength of its effects on exertion, performance, or other outcomes. In a pre-registered experiment (<em>N</em> = 105) with a pre-post between-subjects design and three conditions, we compared the effect of norm messages indicating that participants had performed 10%, 30%, or 50% below the norm on an exercise task. Participants first completed a baseline trial of a timed maximum effort wall sit. Then, prior to and during Trial 2, participants received feedback that their task performance was below average by one of the three amounts. Participants in the 50% condition demonstrated greater increases in their wall sit performance from Trial 1 to Trial 2 than participants in the 10% and 30% conditions. There were no significant differences between conditions in changes in maximum heart rate (a proxy for participants’ exertion). The effects of the norm feedback on performance were not underpinned by changes in either participants’ task motivation or perceived similarity to the norm reference group. Results suggest that feedback indicating a high discrepancy between one’s own performance and the norm facilitates greater performance improvements on a physically demanding task than less discrepant (and more attainable) feedback. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underpinning this effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}