Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"‘It was a fair fight’ v. ‘let the body do the work.’ How squash players mentalizing abilities affect their experiences of playing squash: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis","authors":"Stuart Mitchell ,&nbsp;Max Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of <em>metacognitive</em> process and skills has been the subject of considerable research in the sport performance literature over the past decade. However, there has been little qualitative research on athletes' experiences of using metacognitive processes and skills. A related but different area theoretically and practically, is <em>mentalizing</em>, which refers to the imaginative ability to perceive and interpret the feelings, thoughts, wishes and beliefs that explain human behaviour. This study sought to understand how mentalizing abilities affect the playing experiences of amateur squash players, who regularly played competitive squash. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten amateur adult squash players. Data were analysed using <em>Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis</em>. This was developed into three group experiential themes (GETs): a) balanced minds, b) no-man's land, and c) an interpersonal battle. Findings indicate that mentalizing abilities of participants helped them focus, self-regulate, and enjoy playing. Conversely, participants temporary loss of mentalizing significantly affected their enjoyment, relationships with opponents and their capacity to focus and concentrate when under pressure which for some led to poorer performances. The study is novel in its application to sport, adding an important holistic dimension to the applied sport psychology literature. It is suggested that mentalizing plays a critical role in influencing competitive sport situations and further research is required to elucidate these abilities in greater depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People who approve of one's physical activity vs. people who are influential: A randomized cross-over experiment to compare normative referent elicitation procedures","authors":"Jeemin Kim ,&nbsp;Mark Eys ,&nbsp;Jennifer Robertson-Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare injunctive norm scores assessed based on Ajzen's (2002) original normative referent elicitation method (e.g., norms from those who approve/disapprove of physical activity) and a revised method (e.g., norms from those who are personally influential).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Undergraduate students (<em>N</em>_<em>T1</em> = 1008, <em>N</em>_<em>T2</em> <em>=</em> 383) were initially randomly assigned to either the condition that used Ajzen's original method or the condition that used the revised method, and completed an online survey. A month later, participants completed the survey in the reverse condition. Data collection occurred October 2021–July 2022. Data were analyzed to examine the differences between the two conditions regarding the mean injunctive norm scores and their indirect effects on physical activity via intentions (i.e., moderated mediation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mixed ANOVA results indicated a statistically significant effect of condition (<em>p</em> &lt; .001): the injunctive norm score assessed based on the revised method was lower compared to the original method. After accounting for baseline physical activity, a statistically significant moderated mediation was found with intention strength as the mediator (95% bootstrap CIs [.02, .20]): there was a statistically significant indirect effect of injunctive norms on physical activity via intention strength under the revised condition, but this effect was statistically nonsignificant under the original condition. There was no statistically significant moderated mediation with decisional intention as the mediator (95% bootstrap CIs [-.04, .13]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Null findings regarding the relationship between injunctive norms and physical activity intentions typically found in the literature may be partially explained by the way in which norms were measured.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual and affective precursors of physical activity intention and enactment examined through ecological momentary assessment","authors":"David Haag ,&nbsp;Jan David Smeddinck ,&nbsp;Anna Vogelsang ,&nbsp;Jens Blechert","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Regular physical activity (PA) provides numerous health benefits, which is why many people intend to lead an active lifestyle. Yet, internal and external states and barriers can hinder the translation of such intentions into actual behavior. This study prospectively studied such barriers, namely, the temporal relationship between the independent variables momentary affect (stress, emotions), and the dependent variables PA intentions and subsequent PA behavior. The variables were measured using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) at the within-person level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 41 healthy participants (aged 19–67) completed 4 daily EMA prompts over three weeks on their smartphones, capturing data on momentary affective states (happy, active, irritated, tired, concerned, nervous, relaxed, energetic), anticipated contextual barriers (i.e., PA-incompatible external circumstances), prospective PA intentions, and PA behavior (retrospective, since the last prompt). We applied generalized linear mixed effect models to examine the influence of momentary affect and contextual barriers onto a) PA intentions, b) their consecutive enactment, and c) directly onto PA behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals were more likely to form PA intentions when feeling happy, active, or energetic, but less likely when external/contextual barriers were high or when they felt tired. Furthermore, only PA intentions were significant precursors of subsequent PA behavior, while neither contextual barriers, nor momentary affect directly affected PA behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Interventions for fostering PA, such as Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions, should address and ‘stabilize’ intentions through addressing external barriers and positive affects (happy, active, energetic). The present results call for more temporally sensitive and dynamic health behavior theories of PA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectively measured physical activity and mental health among asylum seekers residing in a camp","authors":"Konstantinia Filippou ,&nbsp;Florian Knappe ,&nbsp;Ioannis D. Morres ,&nbsp;Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis ,&nbsp;Theodoros Proskinitopoulos ,&nbsp;Yannis Theodorakis ,&nbsp;Markus Gerber ,&nbsp;Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical activity has been linked to better mental health in the general population but also migrants and displaced populations. Studies on the latter populations have been almost exclusively based on self-reported physical activity, thus providing a limited perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between objectively measured physical activity and mental health indices, in asylum seekers residing in a camp. Participants were asked to wear the accelerometers for a period of seven days, after which they were administered questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, and well-being in their spoken language. Out of a total of 116 participants, 79 (49 women) accomplished the criteria for valid accelerometer wear days and wear hours and completed the questionnaires. The results showed that participants accumulated adequate, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, reported mild to moderate anxiety and depression symptoms, and were marginally above the threshold of poor well-being. Physical activity and sedentary time predicted depression (adjusted R² = .11) and anxiety (adjusted R² = .08) symptoms, and levels of well-being (adjusted R² = .15). In particular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was linked to lower depression and anxiety, and better well-being, while sedentary time was linked with poorer well-being. The findings provide valuable evidence regarding the links between physical activity and mental health in displaced populations and highlight the need for a multimethod examination of physical activity in such populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body image experiences in retired Olympians: Losing the embodied self","authors":"Anthony Papathomas ,&nbsp;Trent Petrie ,&nbsp;Karin Moesch ,&nbsp;Hannah J.H. Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Athlete body dissatisfaction is prevalent across sports and can lead to disordered eating, negative affect, and poor mental health. Whether body image concerns persist into athletic retirement is a focus of research, predominately involving survey-based data in usually sub-elite athletic samples. This study is the first to focus on the meanings elite athletes ascribe to their bodies in retirement. We recruited 31 retired elite athletes, including 23 former Olympians, to participate in a semi-structured interview. More than 25 h of interview data was transcribed verbatim and subject to a reflexive thematic analysis. We constructed 4 major themes to describe athlete experiences: 1) A legacy of body-conscious culture 2) The struggle for “normal”, 3) Loss of body as loss of self, 4) Towards new meanings and identities. Athletes explained how the body surveillance culture of elite sport echoed into their post-sport lives. An Olympian identity was considered an embodied identity, so body changes represented a loss of the self. Adjusting to regular eating and exercise routines was deemed challenging, with minimal access to guidance and support. Accepting the inevitability of physical changes in retirement and finding new meanings and identities, were deemed effective coping strategies. Athletes’ insights can support sport psychologists and elite sport organisations to devise strategies and policies to facilitate adaptation to body changes post-retirement from sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the focus of attention and brain activation pattern during golf putting task in amateur and novice: A fNIRS study","authors":"Jingxuan Yu ,&nbsp;Bowen Liu ,&nbsp;Caixian Ruan ,&nbsp;Hong Cao ,&nbsp;Rui Fu ,&nbsp;Zhanbing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>External focus of attention (FOA) has been shown to improve motor performance. However, recent research has found that the effectiveness of FOA is related to the level of expertise. Therefore, this study examined the effects of FOA on putting performance in golfers of different levels of expertise. The neural mechanisms behind FOA were explored in conjunction with fNIRS.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 30 participants, including 15 amateurs (M_age: 23.31(SD = 1.32)years; 15 males) and 15 novices (M_age: 22.69(SD = 1.55) years; 11 males; 4 females) were recruited. Participants completed EF and IF golf putting at a duration of 3s per time wearing fNIRS for 3 blocks of 30 s interspersed with 10-s rest blocks.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Behavioral results showed a significant difference in the putting performance of the amateur group under the EF condition compared to the IF condition (<em>P</em> = 0.019), and relative to novices, the amateur group performed better under the EF condition (<em>P</em> = 0.003). fNIRS results revealed that the amateur group had higher activation levels in the right somatosensory association cortex (RSAC) and right motor cortex (RMC) under the IF condition. In contrast, for the novice group, higher activation levels were observed in the left prefrontal cortex and RMC under the EF condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results revealed SAC and MC over-activation in the amateur group under IF conditions with poor golf putting performance. Our findings suggest that the impairment of automated motor neural networks could be a possible mechanism by which IF affects motor performance with SAC and MC over-activation. Guiding novices to focus on task-related factors consciously could be a potential mechanism by which EF enhances motor performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEPSAC Newsletter","authors":"Rita de Oliveira,&nbsp;Yago Ramis","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding repetitive mistakes: Understanding post-error adjustment in response to head fake actions","authors":"Yiming Qian ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Chen ,&nbsp;Lizhong Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Head fake is a common deceptive action in basketball that can effectively disrupt opponents and induce errors. This study investigated post-error behavioral adjustment and neural changes associated with head-fake action and related action cues across different response‒stimulus intervals (RSIs). Participants were asked to respond to the central target player's pass direction, ignoring the head direction of the target person and the flankers. The results revealed that the participants exhibited longer reaction times in the flanker (or head) incongruent condition compared to the flanker (or head) congruent condition. The results also revealed that the participants slowed their responses following an error in response to an action cue, indicating the presence of the post-error slowing (PES) effect. Moreover, the PES effect was greater at short RSI than at long RSI. The results of Event Related Potentials (ERPs) revealed that the participants exhibited a greater amplitude of error-related negativity (ERN) but a smaller amplitude of error positivity (Pe) following an error at a short RSI than at a long RSI. Collectively, these findings suggest that people can exhibit post-error slowing following an error response to action cues. Moreover, the RSI may affect the speed of response after an error and early error processing and erroneous evidence accumulation, as a processing bottleneck exists for a short time after an error. These findings offer insights into sports strategies and behavior modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding planning strategies to an experiential and conceptual knowledge-based intervention: Does it help to reduce sedentary time?","authors":"Paulina Krzywicka ,&nbsp;Ewa Kulis ,&nbsp;Zofia Szczuka ,&nbsp;Maria Siwa ,&nbsp;Anna Banik ,&nbsp;Dominika Wietrzykowska ,&nbsp;Anna Kornafel ,&nbsp;Hanna Zaleskiewicz ,&nbsp;Jowita Misiakowska ,&nbsp;Monika Boberska ,&nbsp;Nina Knoll ,&nbsp;Theda Radtke ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Luszczynska","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study compared the effects of an “active” control condition addressing conceptual and experiential knowledge about sedentary behavior, with an intervention condition combining conceptual and experiential knowledge together with action planning, coping planning, and behavioral substitution. We targeted a decrease in sedentary time as the primary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A preregistered trial (#NCT04131270) was carried out with 603 participants aged 11–86 years (<em>M</em> = 33.57; 65.2% women), randomly assigned to the “planning + knowledge” condition or the “knowledge” condition. Sedentary time was assessed with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Conceptual knowledge strategies involved information about health consequences and instructions on how to perform behaviors while experiential knowledge was enhanced by participants taking/discussing photographs of their home environment that has been triggering sedentary behavior. Action/coping plans referred to ways to substitute sedentary behavior with bouts of physical activity behaviors. Mixed models were fit.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant Time × Condition interaction was found. In the total sample, sedentary time estimated to be around 502.34 min/day at baseline, showed a significant linear decline over time (<em>p</em> = .002), by approximately −1.22 min per each month elapsing since baseline (−9.76 min/day across 8 months).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that applying behavior change techniques targeting both conceptual and experiential knowledge about antecedents, circumstances, and consequences of sedentary behavior may result in a small reduction of sedentary time. Adding action plans, coping planning, and behavioral substitution did not improve the effectiveness of the intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 102782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-person associations between daily stress and physical activity during working and non-working hours","authors":"J.B. Courtney ,&nbsp;J.A. Turner ,&nbsp;E. Puterman ,&nbsp;D.M. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People experience stressors on 40% of days, and emotional responses to stressors increase the risk for poor health, in part by impacting health behaviors like physical activity (PA). However, whether associations of daily psychological stressors with PA after the self-reported stressor occurs (post-stressor PA) differ across working and non-working hours is unclear. This study used the National Study of Daily Experiences III (2017–2019) to examine within-person associations between stressors and post-stressor PA during working and non-working hours and moderation by age and biological sex. Participants completed interviews across eight consecutive days about daily stress and the amount and timing of PA participation during the past 24 hours. Multilevel models with days nested in people examined the within-person associations of stressors with the odds and amount of post-stressor PA participation, with separate models during versus outside of working hours on working days and for non-working days. Participants (N = 564) had higher odds of post-stressor PA during working hours when they experienced greater than usual anger (OR = 3.24, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), sadness (OR = 2.41, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), or shame (ORs = 2.59, <em>p</em> &lt; .001) due to stress. Sex moderated the within-person associations between stressor frequency (OR = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; .001), intensity (OR = 0.49, <em>p &lt;</em> .001), and anxiety (OR = 0.58, <em>p</em> = .002) on odds of post-stressor PA during working hours, such that the increased odds were higher in males. Participants had higher odds of post-stressor PA outside of working hours when they experienced greater stress intensity, anger, sadness, shame, or anxiety (OR = 3.94–7.35, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Research clarifying how age, sex, and/or occupation intersect with individuals’ daily stress experiences and PA could inform occupational health policies and/or interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}