Psychology of Sport and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"FACS coding of televised darts players reveals different facial behavior before successful and unsuccessful performances","authors":"Philip Furley","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of the present research was to use FACS on the televised pre-performance facial behavior of professional darts players to investigate if the facial behavior differed between successful and unsuccessful performances. A secondary goal of this study was to test if manual facial coding differed from automated coding using Noldus FaceReader. Therefore, a random sampling methodology was utilized to assemble video clips of the facial behavior of all players immediately before throwing darts in the 2017 World darts Championship in two performance categories, poor and good performance (10 clips per players respectively). Two FACS-certified coders blind to performance condition coded the activation intensity of 20 distinct muscle groups in the face (i.e., action units) and were compared to Noldus FaceReader output. Results showed very limited facial muscle movements in the videos across both performance categories and hardly any correlation between FACS and FaceReader data. However, multivariate data analysis of the FACS data revealed less intense action unit activity before good performance vs. poor performance. More specifically, successful darts performance was associated with lower muscle activity around the eyes and the mouth. These findings are discussed in light of previous literature suggesting that the face can be indicative of levels of arousal and anxiety and that low levels of arousal and anxiety prior to fine sensorimotor coordination are associated with performance in these situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and chronic effects of guidelines-based progressive resistance exercise training compared to a low-intensity sham attention-control on signs and symptoms among young adult women with analogue generalized anxiety disorder: Design and methods of a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Darragh O'Sullivan ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Rice ,&nbsp;Mark Lyons ,&nbsp;Matthew P. Herring","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Recent evidence supports the positive effects of moderate-to-high-intensity, guidelines-based, progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) compared to waitlist controls among young adults with analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD). The true effects of PRET independent of potential social and psychological benefits of intervention engagement remain unclear. This 10-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) controls for such benefits by quantifying the acute and chronic effects of eight weeks of PRET compared to a low-intensity sham attention-control (SHAM) on GAD symptoms among young women (18-40y) with AGAD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The full design and methods of this 10-week RCT are presented herein. Validated cut-scores on both the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire GAD subscale (≥6) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (≥45) determined AGAD status. PRET was consistent with World Health Organisation and American College of Sports Medicine guidelines; participants performed two sets of 8–12 repetitions of eight exercises at 70–80 % one-repetition maximum (1RM). SHAM (20 % 1RM) was matched on all intervention features aside from load/intensity. AGAD status and worry severity (primary outcomes) were assessed at baseline, post-two-week familiarization, week 4, week 8, and one-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were assessed weekly. Two acute resistance exercise trials were nested at weeks one and eight to quantify acute response and potential training-induced changes in acute response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This 10-week RCT advances knowledge by anticipated replication of the effects of guidelines-based PRET among young women with AGAD, investigation of a minimally-beneficial dose threshold (i.e., low-intensity SHAM) and dose-response, and control of plausible social and psychological influences of intervention engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"25 years of relationship research in sport: The quality of the coach-athlete relationship as defined by Closeness, Commitment, Complementarity and Co-orientation (3+1Cs Model)","authors":"Sophia Jowett","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The value of the coach-athlete relationship is important because its <em>quality</em> offers the context within which sport participation and performance can become a truly positive experience – an experience that both coaches and athletes remember fondly for years to come. There are many examples of high-profile athletes who reflect on their coach-athlete relationships as forces for good, creating a significant positive impact on their development as athletes and as human beings. For example, Michael Phelps, Tom Daley, Serena Williams, Michael Johnson, Bryony Page, and Cristiano Ronaldo to mention a few, have referred to the strong partnerships they developed with their coaches, the importance of connection and its transformative long-term effect. In this paper, I focus on the phenomenon of the coach-athlete relationship not as an idea but as a reality and as a research area that has made significant strides over the past 25 years. Guided by theoretical and empirical evidence, I highlight that relationships between coaches and athletes provide a significant avenue to better coaching and to a more wholesome sport experience that is based on partnership and dialogue leading to lasting personal and interpersonal fulfilment even well beyond the confines of sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-perspective exploration of decision-making debriefing processes in an elite sailing team: Comparing declared and actual practice","authors":"Chelsea Orme ,&nbsp;Simon Crampton ,&nbsp;Jenny Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite evidence for the benefits of debriefing and reflecting on decisions, and the existence of best practice guidance, no study to date has aimed to investigate and develop decision-making debriefing in sport to improve athlete's decision-making. To address these gaps, this study investigated the declared and actual processes of decision-making debriefing practice in an elite sailing team. Semi-structured and stimulated recall interviews were conducted to investigate decision-making debriefing processes from multiple perspectives in one elite sailing team. To provide a rich and accurate insight into decision-making debriefing practice, observational methods were then used to compare actual practice to declared practice. Results showed that there were discrepancies between what participants said they did and what they actually did, highlighting that perceptions alone cannot be relied upon, and objective feedback may be required to instigate accurate reflection of practice and encourage change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How high-performance practitioners think and intervene to change technique","authors":"Joseph Vecchione ,&nbsp;Andrea Bundon ,&nbsp;Catherine Madill ,&nbsp;Nicola J. Hodges","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Changing technique, whereby a permanent strategy is adopted to improve performance or reduce injury risk, is a common goal among sport practitioners in high performance sports. However, there is little information about how technique change is done in practice and whether any evidence-based methods or frameworks are applied. Our aim was to explore individual and team-sport practitioner experiences concerning the process and types of methods adopted for technique change, across a range of practitioner groups and sports.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Qualitative interviews were conducted with fifteen practitioners from three practitioner groups; sport coaches, therapists, and strength &amp; conditioning coaches (S&amp;C), who had experience changing technique with adults in high-performance sports’ settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was thematically analyzed guided by a qualitative approach, apriori knowledge on the topic, and a critical realist paradigm.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>When intervening, S&amp;Cs and therapists reported focusing on physical assessments and modifications, often divorcing the action from the sport context initially. For example, jump mechanics were assessed on a force plate, followed by jump exercise interventions in isolation, then final applications to the sport and positional demands, such as a header in soccer, were implemented. Coaches reported staying within the sport context, but scaling back task difficulty. There was little evidence that techniques discussed in the literature, such as exaggerating errors, or contrasting between old and new ways, were used to change technique. Practitioners primarily used prescriptive, direct instructional approaches, using feedback to highlight ‘errors’ (focusing attention both internally and externally). They emphasized a practitioner integrated approach for a successful intervention, but there was a lack of objective assessment of an intervention's success, particularly in transfer to competition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sport practitioners were regularly working on technique change in a systematic way, but not guided by current evidence-recommended methods. There was a desire to learn more about these methods, particularly those that seemed counter to current direct instructional practice; such as continual contrasting and augmenting of existing ‘errors’. There is a need for greater communication between researchers and practitioners to facilitate awareness of methods and the rationale behind their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment framework with Self-Determination Theory principles to promote Need-Supportive Sport Coaching","authors":"Tomer Gutman ,&nbsp;Dalit Lev-Arey ,&nbsp;Amihai Gottlieb ,&nbsp;Ricardo Tarrasch","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Need-supportive sport coaching, rooted in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), aims to fulfill athletes' psychological needs, enhancing both performance and well-being. However, existing interventions aim to foster it, often take educational position and fail to address the emotional challenges faced by coaches. This study introduces the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) framework as a foundation for fostering a Need-Supportive Coaching style, based on a reflective thematic qualitative analysis of coaches' experiences. In Phase 1, 12 youth basketball coaches and four competitive climbing coaches participated in a MAC-based intervention program, incorporating its principles into their coaching practices. Insights from this phase informed Phase 2, which involved 10 basketball coaches in a MAC-based intervention integrated with SDT principles, conceptualized as <em>The Mindful Coach</em> program. Both interventions consisted of eight weekly sessions focusing on mindfulness exercises, personal values exploration, and acceptance training, with the second phase also including strategies to support athletes' psychological needs. A qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews generated three core themes: (1) contextual factors supporting the intervention's impact (<em>“I was actually looking forward to the sessions”</em>), (2) enhanced self-awareness and self-regulation (<em>“I pause and think about how I want to behave”</em>), and (3) improved relational skills and sensitivity to athletes' experiences (<em>“Promoting athletes' flourishing”</em>). These findings highlight the potential of integrating MAC and SDT principles to enhance sport coaching. However, the homogeneous sample in this study underscores the need for further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergroup criticism promoted fan aggression in Austrian national team supporters during the European Football Championship 2024","authors":"Jeremias Braid ,&nbsp;J. Lukas Thürmer ,&nbsp;Sean M. McCrea ,&nbsp;Fabio Richlan","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fan aggression in football has severe direct (unpleasant experiences, bodily injuries, even death) and indirect (reputation and sanctions) consequences for fans; it is therefore crucial to understand the underlying psychological processes precisely. We argue that the intergroup context in and around stadiums fosters aggression, since opposing fans engage in bidirectional provocation in close physical proximity. Such critical communication across group boundaries (intergroup criticism) reliably elicits costly punishment, a common measure of aggression. Accordingly, our key aim was to investigate intergroup criticism as a candidate psychological process underlying fan aggression; we additionally explored the role of team rivalry. We hypothesized that critical outgroup commenters would elicit more aggression than ingroup commenters. Our online experiment during the European Football Championship 2024 followed a 3-cell within-participants design: Austrian fans (<em>N</em> = 60) read three critical comments on their fan culture from an ingroup source (Austrian fan) and two outgroup sources (German fan and Swiss fan). Participants indeed evaluated outgroup commenters (motive η² = .36, anger η² = .11, and sympathy η² = .17) and messages (threat η² = .19) more negatively than an ingroup commenter voicing the same message. This effect extended to behavioral costly punishment (η² = .11), indicating that intergroup criticism elicited aggressive fan behavior. No reliable differences between rival (Germany) and non-rival (Switzerland) outgroups emerged, indicating that intergroup criticism promotes fan aggression independent of rivalry. We discuss how intergroup criticism catalyzes fan aggression and how this knowledge contributes to the cultivation of peaceful sports events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When interpersonal goal conflict results in general team conflict: An experiment considering intrapersonal tension as a mediator","authors":"Jonas Lüdemann ,&nbsp;Fabian Pels ,&nbsp;Martin Boss ,&nbsp;Jens Kleinert","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpersonal goal conflict occurs when at least one team member has a goal that interferes with the achievement of other team members' goals. Such interpersonal goal conflict has an impact on a variety of team outcomes (e.g., team performance, well-being) and may theoretically lead to general team conflict, although the latter has not yet been empirically investigated. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to examine whether interpersonal goal conflict has an impact on general team conflict. In addition, a secondary aim is to examine whether intrapersonal tension may be a mediator of this relationship. Increased intrapersonal tension (including negative emotions) may be a necessary condition for interpersonal goal conflict to lead to general team conflict. A between-subject experiment with three conditions was conducted. In all conditions, participants (<em>N</em> = 80 male sports science students; <em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 22.64 years, <em>SD</em> = 2.72) performed in a team of three (including a confederate). The team goal was to perform an interactive task on a bicycle ergometer. Interpersonal goal conflicts were induced by threatening the achievement of the team goal through additive deviant individual goal-behavior constellations in the experimental conditions. Perceived intrapersonal tension (mediator) and perceived general team conflict (dependent variable) were measured after the task. An ANOVA showed that general team conflict was higher in the experimental condition with an additional deviant behavior (DB) than in the control condition (CC) and the experimental condition with an additional deviant goal without deviant behavior (DG); there were no significant differences between CC and DG. A mediation analysis showed that the relationship between goal incompatibility and general team conflict, partly mediated via intrapersonal tension, was stronger in DB than in DG. The experiment with young adult males provides evidence that interpersonal goal conflict behavior (and not just the existence of a deviant goal) leads to general team conflict, which is partly explained by intrapersonal tension among team members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do self-compassion and body satisfaction protect women collegiate athletes from disordered eating?","authors":"Olivia Kit ,&nbsp;Trent A. Petrie ,&nbsp;E. Whitney Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women athletes are constantly exposed to general societal beauty standards and sport-specific pressures about body weight, food intake, and performance, which lead to negative body perceptions and low body satisfaction and the development of disordered eating (DE) symptoms. Thus, identifying psychosocial resources that can improve athletes' body satisfaction becomes an avenue for reducing their DE symptoms and improving their health. Given the dearth of longitudinal research testing such potential effects, we examined, over a four-month time frame (i.e., Time 1 [T1] vs. Time 2 [T2]), the indirect and direct effects of one such psychosocial resource, self-compassion (SC) on women collegiate athletes' (<em>N</em> = 1678) body satisfaction (BS) and DE symptoms. Through cross-lagged panel analysis, we found that T1 DE (β = −.10) and T1 SC (β = .06) contributed inversely and positively, respectively, to athletes' T2 BS. Further, the hypothesized indirect effect of Time 1 SC to Time 2 DE through BS was not significant, β = −.002, 95 % BCaCI [-.010, .003]; only T1 SC predicted lower levels of DE at T2 (β = −.08). These findings align with prior cross-sectional research and indicate that women athletes’ BS and DE are not likely to spontaneously improve over time, but may be changed through SC-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding motivational dynamics: Longitudinal associations between motivation and physical activity in children","authors":"Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Tapia-Serrano ,&nbsp;Rafael Burgueño ,&nbsp;Ángel Abós ,&nbsp;Francisco M. Leo ,&nbsp;Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ,&nbsp;Luis García-González","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to test the longitudinal and reciprocal associations between autonomous and controlled motivation with physical activity (PA) behavior in children. These relationships were also inspected separately between boys and girls. A three-wave longitudinal study involving 502 children from primary school aged 9–11 years (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 11.12; <em>SD</em> = 1.19; 160 boys [<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 10.53; <em>SD</em> = .53] and 131 girls [<em>M</em>_<em>ag</em>e = 10.49; <em>SD</em> = .53]), taking measures of each variable at three different times during nine months, was employed. Results indicated that boys' and girls' autonomous motivation was positively associated with higher PA behaviors over time. Furthermore, boys' and girls’ controlled motivation was positively related with PA only at Time 2 (T2); however, it was negatively related only in girls at Time 3 (T3). Also, higher PA behaviors perceived by boys and girls at Time 1 (T1) showed a positive relationship with autonomous motivation at T2, as well as PA (only perceived with boys) at T2 and autonomous motivation at T3. Only PA at T1 showed a positive and significant relationship with controlled motivation at T2 in boys. To conclude, children who are autonomously motivated tend to sustain their participation in PA longitudinally, and vice versa; those children motivated by controlled factors are promoted to exhibit diminished interest in such activities over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54536,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 102905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}